-Whatever hortens the fibres, by infinuating themfelves into their parts, as water in a rope, contracts. Arbuthnot. 2. To contract; to abbre viate. We fhorten'd days to moments by love's art. Suckling. 3. To confine; to hinder from progreffion.-If there were English placed among them, they fhould not be able to flir but that it fhould be known, and they fhortened according to their de merits. Spenfer.— To be known, shortens my laid intent. Shak. -Here where the fubject is fo fruitful, I am hortened by my chain, and can only fee what is forbidden me to reach. Dryden. 4. To lop. Spoil'd of his nole, and shorten'd of his ears. Dryden. SHORT-ENDURING, adj. See SHORT, § 3. SHORTFORD, q. d. fore-cloje, an ancient cuftom in the city of Exeter, when the lord of the fee cannot be anfwered rent due to him out of his tenement, and no distress can be levied for the fame. The lord is then to come to the tenement, and there take a ftone, or fome other dead thing off the tenement, and bring it before the mayor and bailiff, and thus he inuft do feven quarter days fucceffively; and if on the feventh quarter day the lord is not fatisfied of his rent and arrears, then the tenement fhall be adjudged to the lord, to hold the fame a year and a day; and forthwith proclamation is to be made in the court, that if any man claims any title to the faid tenement, he muft appear within the year and day next following, and fatisfy the lord of the faid rent and arrears: but if no appearance be made, and the rent not paid, the lord comes again to the court, and prays that according to the custom, the faid tenement be adjudged to him in his demefne as of fee, which is done accordingly, fo that the lord hath from thenceforth the faid tenement, with the appurtenances to him and his heirs. (1.) SHORTHAND. n.f. [fhort and hand.] A method of writing in compendious characters. Unless cachi vice in fhorthand they indite. Dryden. -Boys have but little use of shorthand, and fhould by no means practise it, 'till they can write. Locke In shorthand fkill'd where little marks comprife Whole words, a fentence in a letter lies. Creech. -As the language of the face is univerfal, fo 'tis very comprehenfive: no laconifm can reach it; 'tis the shorthand of the mind, and crowds a great deal in a little room. Collier. (2.) SHORT-HAND WRITING. See STENOGRA PHY. SHORT-JOINTED, adj. in the manege. A horfe is faid to be fhort-jointed that has a fhort paftern; when this joint, or the paftern is too fhort, the horfe is fubject to have his fore legs from the knee to the cornet all in a ftraight line. Commonly fhort-jointed horfes do not manege fo well as the long-jointed; but out of the manege the fhortjointed are the best for travel or fatigue. * SHORTLIVED. adj. [short and live.] Not liv. ing or lafting long. Unhappy parent of a shortliv'd fon ! Dryden. The joyful shortliv'd news foon spread around, Took the fame train. Dryden. Some vices promife a great deal of pleature in the commiffion; but then, at beft, it is but shortlived and tranfient. Calamy.-The variety of shortlived favourites that prevailed have broken us into these unhappy diftinctions. Addion.—A piercing torment that shortlived pleature of your's must bring upon me, from whom you never received offence. Addifon Content our shortliv'd praifes to engage. Addifox. -Admiration is a shortlived paffion. Addijon.Then palaces fhall rif; the joyful fon Shall finith what his shortliv'd fire begun. Pope. *SHORTLY. adv. [from short.] 1. Quickly; foon; in a little time. It is commonly used relatively of future time, but Clarendon feems to use it abfolutely.— I must leave thee, love, and shortly too. Shak. I'll shut thee out shortly. Shak. -The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon.-The time will shortly come, wherein you fhall rejoice for that little you have expended for the benefit of others. Calamy. He celebrates his father's funeral, and shortly after arrives at Cumæ. Dryden. Ev'n he whofe foul now melts in mournful lays, Shall shortly want the gen'rous tear he pays. Pope. 2. In a few words; briefly.-I could express them more shortly this way than in profe. Pope. * SHORTNESS. n. f. [from short.] 1. The quality of being short, either in time or space. I'll make a journey twice as far, t' enjoy A fecond night of fuch sweet shortnefs. Shak. They move ftrongest in a right line, which is caused by the shortness of the distance. Bacon.-) will not trouble my readers with the shortness of the time in which I writ it. Dryden.— May they not justly to our climes upbraid Shortness of night, and penury of thade? Prior. Think upon the vanity and shortness of human life. Law. 2. Fewness of words; brevity; concifenefs. The neceffity of shortness causeth men to cut off impertinent difcourfes. Hooker. Your plainnefs and your shortnefs please me well. Shak. The prayers of the church will be very fit, as being moft eafy for their memories, by reafon of their shortnefs. Duty of Man. 3. Want of reach; want of capacity.-Whatsoever is above these proceedeth of shortness of memory. Bacon.. 4. Deficience; imperfection.-Another account of the shortness of our reafon, is the forwardness of our affent to flightly examined conclufions. Glanville.-From the inftances I had given of human ignorance, to our shortnefs in most things elfe, 'tis an eafy inference. Glanville.-It may be easily conceived, by any that can allow for the lameness and shortness of translations. Temple, (1.) * SHORTRIBS. n. f. [short and ribs.] The baftard ribs; the ribs below the fternum.-The rapier entered into his right fide, flanting by his shortribs under the muscles. Wiseman. Kkkk 2 (2.) * (1.) SHORTSIGHTEDNESS. n.. [Short and fight.] 1. Defect of fight, proceeding from the convexity of the eye. 2. Defect of intellectual fight.-Cunning is a kind of fhortfightness, that difcovers the minuteft objects which are near at hand. Addison. (2.) SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS, a defect in vifion, by which objects cannot be diftinctly seen unless they are very near the eye. See ANATOMY, MEDICINE, and OPTICS, Indexes. * SHORTWAISTED. adj. [short and.waist.] Having a fhort body. 1 Duck-legg'd, fhort-waifled; such a dwarf fhe is, That the muft rife on tip toes for a kifs. Dryden, SHORTWINDED, adj. [fhort and wind.] Shortbreathed; afthmatick; purfive; breathing by quick and faint reciprocations-Sure he means brevity in breath; shortwinded. Shak. Find we a time for frighted peace to pant, And breathe Short-winded accents of new broils, To be commenc'd in Arands afar? Shak. With this the Mede fortwinded old men eafes, And cures the lungs unfavory diseases. Virgil. * SHORTWINGED. adj. [fhort and wing.] Having fhort wings. Hawks are divided into long and fhort winged.- Shortwing'd, unfit himself to fly. Dryden. SHORY. adj. from fore.] Lying near the coaft-Thofe hory parts are generally but fome fathoms deep. Burnet. (1.) * SHOT. The preterite and participle paffive of shoot. On the other fide a pleasant grove Was shot up high. Fairy Queen. -Their tongue is as an arrow shot out. Jer. The fortifier of Pendennis shot rather at a safe preferving the harbour from fudden atttempts of little fleets, than to withstand any great navy. Carew. Milton. He only thought to crop the flow'r, New shot up from a vernal show'r. From before her vanith'd night, Shot through with orient beams. Milton -Sometimes they shot out in length like rivers. Burnet-The fame metal is naturally shot into quite different figures. Woodward. Stretch'd wide his eager arms, and shot the feas along. Pope. (2.)* SHOT. n.. [ schot, Dutch; from shoot.] . The act of shooting A shot unheard gave me a wound unfeen. Sidney. He caufed twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army. Clarendon. 2. The miffile weapon emitted by any instrument.— I fhall here abide the hourly shot Of angry eyes. Shak. They were fupplied thereby with good ftore of powder and shot. Hayward.-Above 1000 great shot were spent upon the wails. Clarendon. Impatient to revenge the fatal shot. Dryden, 3. The flight of a miffileeapon.-She fat over against him, as it were a bow shot. Gen. xxi. 16. 4. [Efcot, French.] A fum charged; a reckoning. A man is never welcome to a place, 'till fome certain shot be paid. Shak. As the fund of our pleasure, let each pay his shot. Swift. (3.) SHOT is also a denomination given to all forts of balls for fire-arms; thofe for cannon being of iron, and thofe for guns, piftols, &c. of lead. See SHOOTING, § 3. (4.) SHOT, CASE, formerly confifted of all kinds of old iron, nails, mufket balls, ftones, &c. ufed as above. (5.) SHOT, GRAPE. See GRAPE-SHOT. (6.) SHOT, MOULD. See § 9. (7.) SHOT OF A CABLE, on ship-board, is the fplicing of two cables together, that a fhip may ride fafe in deep waters and in great roads; for a fhip will ride eafier by one shot of a cable, than by three short cables out ahead. (8.) SHOT, PATENT MILLED, is thus made; Sheets of lead, whose thickness corresponds with the fize of the fhot required, are cut into small pieces, or cubes, of the form of a die. A great quantity of thefe little cubes are put into a large hollow iron cylinder, which is mounted horizon. tally and turned by a winch; when by their fric tion against one another and against the fides of the cylinder, they are rendered perfectly round, and very smooth. The other patent shot is caft in moulds, in the fame way as bullets are. (9.) SHOT, SMALL or that used for fowling, fhould be well fized, and of a moderate bigness; for fhould it be too great, then it flies thin, and fcatters too much; or if too fmall, then it hath not weight and strength to penetrate far, and the bird is apt to fly away with it. In order, therefore, to have it funtable to the occafion, it not being always to be had in every place fit for the purpose, we thall fet down the true method of making all forts and fizes under the name of MOULD SHOT. Its principal good properties are to be round and folid. Take any quantity of lead you think fit, and melt it down in an iron vessel ; and as it melts keep it stirring with an iron ladle, fkimming off all impurities whatsoever that may arise at the top; when it begins to look of a greenifh colour, ftrew on it as much auripigmentum or yellow orpiment, finely powdered, as will lie on a fhilling, to every 12 or 14 pound of lead; then ftirring to a cylindrical tin-box called a cannifter, that juft fits the bore of the gun. Leaden bullets are fome times used in the same manger; and it must be obferved, that whatever number of fizes of the fhots are used, they must weigh with their cafes nearly as much as the thot of the piece. * SHOTE. n. f. [fceota, Saxon; trufta minor, Lat.] A fish.-The shote, peculiar to Devonshire and Cornwal, in fhape and colour refembleth the trout; howbeit, in bignefs and goodnefs cometh far behind him. Cares. SHOT FLAGGON, a fort of flaggon fomewhat bigger than ordinary, which in fome counties, particularly Derbyshire, it is the custom for the hoft to ferve his guests in, after they have drank above a fhil'ing. * SHOTFREE. adj. [shot and free.] 1. Clear of the reckoning. Though I could 'fcape shotfree at London, I tear the thot here. Shak. be hurt by a shot. 3. Unpunished, 2. Not to * SHOTTEN. aaj. [from shot.] 1. Having ejected the spawn.—If good manhood be not forgot upon the earth, then am I a shotten herring. Shak. Tough wither'd, truffles, ropy wine, a dish Dryden. Ot shotten herrings. tirring them together, the orpiment will flame. The ladle fhould have a notch on one fide of the brim, for more easily pouring out the lead; the ladle must remain in the melted lead, that its heat may be the fame with that of the lead, to prevent inconveniences which otherwife might happen by its being either too hot or too cold: then, to try your lead, drop a little of it into water, and if the drops prove round, then the lead is of a proper heat; if otherwife, and the fhot have tails, then add more orpiment to increase the heat, till it be found fufficient. Then take a plate of cop. per, about the bigness of a trencher, which must be made with a hollowness in the middle, about three inches compaís, with n which must be bored about 40 holes according to the fize of the fhot which you intend to caft: the hollow bottom fhould be thin; but the thicker the brim, the better it will retain the heat. Place this plate on a frame of iron, over a tub or veffel of water, about four inches from the water, and spread burning coals on the plate, to keep the lead melted upon it: then take fome lead and pour it gently on the coals on the plate, and it will make its way thro' the holes into the water, and form itself into hot; do thus till all your lead be run through the holes of the plate, taking care, by keeping your coals alive, that the lead do not cool, and fo ftop up the holes. While you are cafting in this man. ner, another person with another ladie may catch fome of the hot, placing the ladle 4 or 5 inches = underneath the plate in the water, by which means you will fee if they are defective, and rec. tify them. Keep the lead in a juft degree of heat, that it be not fo cold as to ftop up the holes in your plate, nor fo hot as to caufe the fhot to crack; to remedy the heat, you must refrain working till it is of a proper coolness; and to remedy the coolnefs of your lead and plate, you must blow your fire; obferving, that the cooler your lead is, the larger will be your fhot; as the hotter it is, the smaller they will be. After cafting, take them out of the water, and dry them over the fire with a gentle heat, stirring them continually that they do not melt; when dry, feparate the great thot from the fmall, by the help of a fieve made for that purpose, according to their = feveral fizes. But thofe who would have very large fhot, make the lead trickle with a stick out of the ladle into the water, without the plate. If it ftop on the plate, and yet the plate be not too cool, give but the plate a little knock, and it will run again; care must be had that none of your implements be greafy, oily, or the like; and when the thot, being feparated, are found too large or too small for your purpose, or otherwife imperfect, they will ferve again at the next operation. The fizes of common fhot for fowling are from N° 1 to 6, and fmaller, which is called mustard feed, or duft shot; but N°5 is fmall enough for any shooting whatfoever. The N° 1 may be ufed for wild geefe; the Na for ducks, widgeons, and other water fowl; the N° 3 for pheasants, partridges after the first month, and all the fen. fowl; the N° 4 for partridges, woodcocks, &c.; and the N° 5 for fhipes and all the smaller birds. (10.) SHOT, TIN CASE, in artillery, is formed by putting a great quantity of small iron shot in 2. Curdled by keeping too long. SHOгTS, a parish of Scotland, in the NE. corner of Lanarkshire, of a rectangular form; 10 miles long, and 7 broad. The lurface is level, but the E. border is bounded by the Cant, Hirft, and TILLING Hills, which afford, a most extenfive prospect from their funmits. It is watered by the N. and S. Galders; and the Avon and Cramond rife in it. The foil is chiefly clay, mixed with loam. It was long bleak and barren, but by the exertions of the proprietors, it is now moftly inclofed and rendered fertile. Iron ftone and coals abound. The Omoa Iron works, on the eftates of Colonel Dalrymple of Cleland, and Mr David Young of Little Hairhaw, are very productive. The population, in 1793, was 2041; the decrease 281, fince 1755. * SHOVE, n..s. [from the verb.] The act of fhoving; a pufh.-I refted two minutes, and then gave the boat another shore. Gulliver. (1.) To SHOVE. v. a. scufan, Sax.; schuyven, Dutch.] 1. To push by main ftrength. The hand could pluck her back, that show'd her on. Shak. Offence's gilded hand may showe by justice. Shak. his boat. 3. To push; to rush against.-He used to shove and elbow his fellow-fervants to get near his miftrefs, when money was a-paying. Arbuth. Behold a rev'rend fire Crawl through the streets, show'd on or rudely prefs'd By his own fons. Pope. Walk fober off, before a sprightlier age Come titt'ring on, and shove you from the stage. Pope. Make nature fill incroach upon his plan, And shove him off as far as e'er we can. Pope. Eager to express your love, You ne'er confider whom you shove. Swift. (2.) * To SHOVE. v. n. 1. To push forward before one. I shoved 'till we arrived within forty yards of the fhore. Gulliver. 2. To move in a boat, not by oars, but a pole.- He grafp'd the oar, Receiv'd his guests aboard, and show'd from shore. Garth. (1.) SHOVEL, Sir Claudefly, a brave English admiral, born about 1650, of parents rather in the lower rank of life. He was put apprentice to a fhoemaker; but difliking this profeffion, he abandoned it and went to fea. He was at first a cabin boy with Sir Chriftopher Mynns, but applying to the study of navigation with indefatigable industry, his skill as a feaman foon raised him. The cor. fairs of Tripoli having committed great ourages on the English in the Mediterranean, Sir John Narborough was fent in 1674 to reduce them to reafon. As he had received orders to try the ef. fects of negociation before he proceeded to hoftilities, he fent Mr Shovel, then a lieutenant in his fleet to demand fatisfaction. The Dey treated him with a great deal of disrespect, and fent him back without an answer. Sir John dispatched him a ad time, with orders to remark particularly the fituation of things on fhore. The behaviour of the Dey was worse than ever. Upon Mr Shovel's return, he informed Sir John that it would be poffible, notwithstanding their fortifications, to burn all the fhips in the harbour. The boats were accordingly manned, and the command of them given to Lieut. Shovel, who feized the guardship and burnt 4 others, without lofing a man. This action fo terrified the Tripolins, that they fued for peace.-Sir John Narborough gave so favourable an account of this exploit, that Mr Shovel was foon after made captain of the Sapphire, a fifth rate fhip. In the battle of Bantry Bay after the revolution, he commanded the Edgar, and, for his gallant behaviour in that action, was knighted by king William. Next year he was employed in transporting an army into Ireland; a fervice which he performed with fo much diligence and dexterity, that the king raifed him to the rank of real admiral of the blue, and delivered his commiffion with his own hands. Soon after he was made rear-admiral of the,red, and fhared the glory of the victory at LA HOGUE. In 1694, he bombarded Dunkirk. In 1703, he commanded the grand fleet in the Mediterranean, and did every thing in his power to affift the Protestants who were in arms in the Cevennes. Soon after the battle off Malaga, he was prefented by prince George to Queen Anne, who received him graciously, and next year employed him as commander in chief. In 1705, he commanded the fleet, together with the earls of Peterborough and Monmouth, which was fent into the Mediterranean; and it was owing to him chiefly that Barcelona was taken. After an unfuccefsful attempt upon Toulon, he failed for Gibraltar, and from thence homeward with a part of the fleet. On the 22d of October, at night, his fhip, with three others, was caft away on the rocks of Scilly. (See SCILLY, § 2.) All on board perifhed. His body was found by fome fishermen on the island of Scilly; who stripped it of a valuable ring and afterwards buried it. Mr Paxton, the purfer of the Arundel, hearing of this, found out the fellows, and obliged them to difcover where they had buried the body. He carried it on board his own thip to Portsmouth, from whence it was conveyed to London, and interred with great folemnity in Westminster Abbey. A monument was afterwards erected to his memory by the direction of the Queen. He had married the widow of his patron, Sir John Narborough, by whom he left two daughters, co-heiresses. (2.) SHOVEL, n.f. [fcofi, Sixon; Schoeffel, Dutch.] An inftrument confifting of a long handle and broad blade with raised edges.— A handbarrow, wheelbarrow, shovel, and spade. The brag of the Ottoman, that he would throw Malta into the fea, might be performed at an eafier rate than by the shovels of his Janizaries. Glanville. * To SHOVEL. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To throw or heap with a fhovel. Some hangman must put on my shrowd, and lay me Where no prieft shovels in duft. Shak. W. Tale. 2. to gather in great quantities.-Ducks shovel them up as they fwim along the waters. Denbum. SHOVELARD, n.f. See ANAS, No. 11. *SHOVELBOARD. n. f. [shovel and board.] A long board on which they play by fliding metal pieces at a mark.— So have I feen, in hall of lord, A weak arm throw on a long shovelboard. Dryd. (1.)* SHOVELLER, or SHOVELARD. n.. [from shovel: platalea.] A bird.-Shoveller or spoonbill; the former name the more proper, the end of the bill being broad like a shovel but not concave like a spoon, but perfectly flat. Grew.-Pewets, gulls, and shovellers feed upon flesh, and yet are good meat. Bacon. This formation of the wizzon is not peculiar to the fwan, but common unto the platalea, or shovelard, a bird of no mufical throat. Brocun. (2.) SHOVELLER, in ornithology. See ANAS, No. II. The shoveller and spoonbill, mentioned above as fynonymous by Dr GREW, are quite different Species or rather genera of birds: The SHOVELLER is a fpecies of ANAS: (fee that article No. 11;) the SPOONBILL is the English name of the genus PLATALEA. Brown is alfo in the fame mif. take. (1.) * SHOUGH. n. f. [for shock.] A fpecies of fhaggy dog; a fhock. In the catalogue ye be for men, As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, cur, Shoughs, Shoughs, water-rugs, and demi-wolves are 'cle- All by the name of dogs. (2.) SHOUGH, or SHOCK. See CANIS, § I, vi. N° 30. is wide, that the boulder flip not through the hole as well as the fhank. Moxon. (2.) SHOULDER. See ANATOMY, Index. The rolling billows beat the ragged fhore, * SHOULD. v. n. [scude, Dutch; sceoldan, Saxon.] 1. This is a kind of auxiliary verb used in the conjunctive mood, of which the fignification is not eafily fixed. 2. I SHOULD go. It is my bu-Dudman, a well-known foreland to moft failors, finefs or duty to go. 3. If I SHOULD go. If it here shoulders out the ocean. Carew.happens that I go. 4. Thou SHOULD'ST go. What, fhall the people know their god-like Thou oughtest to go. 5. If thou SHOULD'ST go. prince If it happens that thou goeft 6. The fame fignifications are found in all the other perfons fingular and plural. Let not a defperate action more engage you Than fafety bould. Ben Jonfon's Catiline. -Some praises come of good wishes and refpects, when by telling men what they are, you represent them what they should be. Bacon. To do thee honour I will thed their blood, Which the juft laws, if I were faultless, should, Waller. So fubjects love just kings, or so they should. Dryden. I conclude, that things are not as they should be. Swift. 7. SHOULD be. A proverbial phrase of flight contempt or irony.-The girls look upon their father as a clown, and the boys think their mother no better than fhe should be. Addifon. 8. There is another fignification now little in ufe, in which fhould has fcarcely any distinct or explicable meaning. It should be differs very little in this fenfe from it is.-There is a fabulous narration, that in the northern countries there should be an herb that groweth in the likeness of a lamb, and feedeth upon the grafs. Bacon. (1.)* SHOULDER. n. f. [sculder, Sax. fchodler, Dutch.] 1. The joint which connects the arm to the body. Shak. I have seen better faces in my time, Than ftand on any shoulder that I fee. -It is a fine thing to be carried on mens' fhoulders; but give God thanks that thou art not forced to carry a rich fool upon thy fhoulders, as thofe poor men do. Taylor. The head of the boulder bone being round, is inferted into fo fhallow a cavity in the fcapula, that were there no other guards for it, it would be thruft out upon every occafion. Wifeman. 2. The upper joint of the fore leg of edible animals.-We must have a shoulder of mutton for a property. Shak.-He took occafion, from a shoulder of mutton, to cry up the plenty of England. Addifon. 3. The upper part of the back. Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden. 4. The shoulders are used as emblems of strength, or the act of fupporting. On thy Shoulder do I build my feat. Shak. Thefe ruin'd pillars, out of pity taken Headed a rabble, and profan'd his person, Dryden. So vaft the navy now at anchor rides, Around her numberless the rabble flow'd, Thou haft an ulcer, which no leech can heal, Though thy broad shoulderbelt the wound conDryden. The scapula; ceal. * (1.) SHOULDERBLADE. n. f. the plate bone to which the arm is connected.-If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, then let mine arm fall from my shoulderblade, and mine arm be broken from the bone. Job xxxi. 22. (2.) The SHOULDER-BLADE is a bone of the fhoulder, of a triangular figure, covering the hind part of the ribs, called by anatomifts the fcapula and omoplata. See ANATOMY, § 147. *SHOULDERCLAPPER. n. f. [Shoulder and clap.] One who affects familiarity, or one that mifchiefs privily. A fiend, a fury, pitilefs, and rough; Shak. * SHOULDERSHOTTEN. adj. [ shoulder and clap.] Strained in the shoulder.-His horfe waid in the back, and shouldershotten. Shak. (2.) SHOULDERSLIP.n.f. [fhoulder and flip.] Diflocation of the fhoulder.-The horse will take fo much care of himself as to come off with only a ftrain or a fhoulderflip. Swift. SHOUMSHU, one of the KURULE ISLANDS, in the N. Pacific Ocean, 44 miles long. Lon. 174. o. E. of Ferro. Lat. 51. 15. to 52. N.. (1.) * SHOUT. n.. [from the verb.] A loud and vehement cry of triumph or exhortation.This general applaufe, and chearful shout, Argues your wisdom. Shak -The Rhodians, feeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great hout in derifion, Knolles. His triumphant foul with fhouts expir'd. |