Tablet recording the setting up of a statue to the goddess Mut, and the restoration of certain buildings by the Emperor Tiberius Caesar, about A. D. 20. [Southern Egyptian Gallery, Bay 29, No. 1053.]

Caesar, about A. D. 20.

[Southern Egyptian Gallery, Bay 27, No. 1052.]

the two altars with Meroïtic Inscriptions exhibited in Bay 30, Nos. 1050, 1051. The Meroïtic character has not yet been deciphered.

Nearly all the Roman emperors from Tiberius (A.D. 14) to Decius (A.D. 249) adopted Egyptian names and titles, and caused their names to be written within cartouches like those of the Pharaohs. The stele in Bay 27 (No. 1052) states that Tiberius rebuilt portions of the temple of Mut at Thebes (see Plate LI); and another stele (Bay 29, No. 1053) refers to the setting up by him of a statue of the goddess Mut, and the re-endowment of the portion of the temple wherein it stood (see Plate LII). In the reign of Nero (A.D. 54-69) two centurions sent into the Sûdân to report on the general condition of the country reached the marshes near Shâmbi, about 700 miles south of Khartûm. Tradition asserts that Christianity was preched in Alexandria towards the close of his reign, and that St. Mark arrived in that city, A.D. 69. To this period belongs stele No. 1057 (Bay 32), which was set up to mark the gratitude of the Egyptians to Nero for appointing F. Claudius Balbillus, prefect of Egypt. Hadrian visited Egypt twice, and founded the city of Antinoopolis in memory of his friend Antinous who was drowned in the Nile; when at Thebes he went with the Empress Sabina to view the Colossi (see Plate XXXIII). Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 161-180) was a just ruler and favoured Christianity in Egypt; in his reign the walls which surrounded the Sphinx at Gizah were repaired (see stele, No. 1058, Bay 32). Septimius Severus (A.D. 196) issued an edict against the Christians in Egypt, and his successor, Caracalla (A.D. 211), encouraged the pagan Egyptians and favoured their religion. Decius (A.D. 249) made a systematic attempt to destroy the Christians, and every person was called upon to offer sacrifice to the gods, or suffer death. In the reign of Diocletian (A.D. 284), the Blemmyes, a confederation of tribes. who lived in the Eastern Sûdân, became so powerful that they compelled the Roman garrisons to withdraw from the Dodekaschoinos,' and the emperor was obliged to hire the Nobadae, or tribes of the Western Desert, to keep them in check. He also agreed to pay the Blemmyes a fixed annual sum to refrain from raiding Roman territory in Egypt, and built a temple at Elephantine wherein representatives of all the peoples concerned might swear to observe the covenant in the presence of their respective gods. Diocletian in fact abandoned

I.e., the portion of the Nile Valley between Syene and Hierasykaminos, which was 12 schoeni (hence the name), or 70 miles, in length.