represented by groups of objects from (4) Ephesus and (5) Cameiros.

(4) Ephesus. Compartment 6 (left) of Case T contains a small selection of gold ornaments from the treasure, found by Mr. D. G. Hogarth (in 1904-5), beneath the foundations of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (cf. p. 82). The greater part of the treasure is in the Museum of the Porte, only a few duplicates having been ceded to the British Museum. The series includes

stamped disks, pins, brooches and pendants. Its date appears to be of the end of the eighth or beginning of the seventh century B.C., occupying a position intermediate between the late Mycenaean groups and the group from Cameiros, immediately following.

(5) Cameiros. Compartments 4, 5 of Case T contain gold ornaments of the period immediately subsequent to those above described. They are for the most part derived from seventh century cemeteries of Cameiros, in Rhodes. The principal objects are a series of plaques, with repoussé-work designs. The types include (1108) a Sphinx; (1115) an archaic Centaur (with human forelegs according to the archaic type) holding up a kid; (1118) a winged figure terminating in a bee-like body; (1126) a winged goddess holding lions by the tails; (1128) a winged goddess between two rampant lions, and other subjects. In some cases these figures are richly ornamented with minute globules of gold, which have been made separately and soldered on. This process is seldom found in Greece, but is frequent in the early goldsmith's art of Etruria (Case B), and also occurs on the globular pendant from Enkomi. From the rings above the plaques it is evident that they were worn threaded on a string, probably about the girdle.

A porcelain scarab found with the plaques, and exhibited in compartment 4, contains the name of the Egyptian king Psammetichos I. (B.c. 666-612), and supplies a date to the find, perhaps as early as the middle of the seventh century (about 650 B.C.). Compartment 5 also contains a silver pin from Argolis, which was dedicated to the goddess Hera, with the archaic inscription : Tas Bnpus ("Hpas), I am Hera's.'

The collection of jewellery is continued in the Wall-cases A-H, which follow as nearly as possible a chronological order, beginning with Case A. This contains objects of Phoenician character (¿.e., free imitations of Egyptian work), found chiefly in Cyprus and at the Phoenician settlement of Tharros in Sardinia (compare p. 142). Observe a silver vase from Cameiros, on which are Phoenician imitations of Egyptian cartouches. This case also contains a gold libation bowl from Agrigentum (Girgenti) in Sicily, with figures of bulls in repoussé-work.

Case B. Archaic and early Etruscan ornaments, in which the process of employing minute globules of gold to form patterns or otherwise to enrich the design is carried out to a very great extent. Among these objects may be noted (1376) a large fibula or brooch, along the back of which are small figures of lions, and (1381) another

smaller fibula in the shape of a safety-pin, on which the minutest patterns are executed by means of globules of gold. In many instances these globules are almost as fine as gold dust. The date is seventh to sixth century B.C.

Note also (1463) a chain with a pendant in the form of a Satyr's

head covered with the granulated work; (1390) a brooch (fibula) with a figure of the Chimaera and a horse; (1473) a pendant ornament (bulla) with a figure of the winged Medusa decapitated, and two Pegasi springing from her neck. [For other representations of the subject compare the cast of the metope from Selinus in the Archaic Room (p. 12) and the archaic terracotta from Melos (p. 122).]

Case C. Fine gold wreaths. Early Greek jewellery from Tharros and Cyprus. Also part of a silver girdle from Cyprus, with plaques in relief, similar to those described above from Cameiros. In this instance, however, the plaques are hinged together at the side (fig. 55). A coin found at the same time gives the date as the close of the sixth century B.C.

Case D. Greek gold ornaments of the finest period, about 420-280 B.C. The figures have for the most part been made by pressing thin gold plates into stone moulds (cf. p. 163). Instead

AfpoorerAHIA CYSOYMACYX

HEYNH HAPATOYTOYCYPTENOYC
KAITAMICA

Αφροδί[τ]η Παφία(ι) Εὐβούλα εὐχ[ὴν]

ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ̓Αράτου τοῦ συγγε(ν)οῖς

καὶ Τάμισα.

of the Etruscan globules, fine threads of gold (filigree) are here employed with an extremely delicate effect. The process of enamelling frequently occurs, but the enamel is always in very small quantities, as may be seen in the beautiful necklace (1947) from Melos. In the centre of the case is (1999) a fine pin found in

the Temple of Aphroditè at Paphos in Cyprus. The head of the pin, which is surmounted by a large pearl, is in the form of a capital of a column with projecting heads of bulls and circular vases towards which doves are looking down. On the stem is engraved a dedication to the Paphian Aphroditè by Euboula and Tamisa (p. 133). Extremely delicate and refined in workmanship is (2053) a small pendant from Cyprus, showing two winged genii engaged in cockfighting. For examples of filigree see the fine series of earrings, pendants, and necklaces from Kymè in Æolis.

In the middle of the case is a portion of a treasure found in Calabria (South Italy), with a diadem, earrings, etc. A bronze coin (exhibited), which is said to have been found with the treasure, was issued by Hiketas of Syracuse (B.C. 287-278).

2104-6. A group of stamped gold ornaments is probably derived from Greek tombs in the neighbourhood of Kertch. The types are repetitions of those which occur in the treasure of the Hermitage.

Fig. 56.

Earring with Cupid as pendant.

But

Cases E-F. Later Etruscan ornaments, in which the taste of the time takes the form of largeness and display, as in huge necklaces with pendant bullae, or in earrings of unusual size. in Case E there are also several gold wreaths of singular beauty. In Case F may be seen two flint arrow-heads mounted as pendants to necklaces.

Case G. Gold ornaments of the later Greek period (third to second centuries B.C.), together with a few objects of a later period. In the centre is a highly ornate gold crown in filigree and enamel, from South Italy. Among the earrings Cupids occur playing on pipes, making libations, or offering wreaths. With the gold ornaments is also a series of ornaments of terracotta gilt, made for funeral purposes. Though cheap in material, these articles are as fine as those of gold in an artistic sense. They have in fact been made from the same moulds as the gold ornaments. Observe a small pendant (2172) representing a group of Leto, Apollo, and Artemis, and several medallion heads of Athenè.

This case also contains a gold tablet (p. 135) in which Ptolemy Euergetes I. and Berenice (B.C. 242-222) dedicate the sacred enclosure of a temple to Osiris. This tablet had formed part of a foundation deposit for a temple at Canopus in Egypt. It was found in 1818 and presented by Mehemet Ali to Sir Sidney Smith; and was acquired by the Museum in 1895.

Case H. Ornaments of the Roman period. The work is less minute, the designs become more commonplace. It now becomes the fashion to make considerable use of precious stones and pearls.

Among the inscribed plates of gold leaf, note a small tablet on which are directions (in Greek) for finding the way in the lower world, addressed to the soul of one of the initiated: And thou

wilt find to the left of the house of Hades a well [Lethè] and beside it a pale cypress. Approach not even near this well. And thou wilt find another, cold water flowing forth from the lake of Memory.

Before it are warders. Say to them, "I am child of earth and heaven, but my race is of heaven.. I am parched with thirst, I perish. Give me quickly cold water, flowing from the lake of Memory." And they will give you drink,' etc. This tablet had been rolled up and placed in the cylinder exhibited above it, to be worn as a charm. From Petilia, in South Italy.

Observe also three complete gold bars, and a fragment of a fourth. One bar and the fragment were found in a hoard of sixteen such bars at Kronstadt in Transylvania. On the upper surface are

stamps impressed on the metal: (1)

LYCIAHYS
OBRISICE

Lucianus

obr(yzam) I sig(navit), i.e. Lucianus stamped the fine gold. The I (primus) perhaps means in the first officina or workshop. It is also taken to mean that Lucianus enjoyed some form of priority. The inscription is followed by the Christian monogram XP.

FUFLAVIAN

(2) YSPRO'SIQ ADDICHA

Flavius) Flavianus pro(curator) sig(navit) ad

digma, i.e. Flavius Flavianus, procurator of the mint (or else pro(bator), the assayer), stamped the metal, according to sample. From data furnished by other bars the hoard must be placed between 367 and 395 A.D. The two other bars which are exhibited are probably of somewhat earlier date. They were found in a hoard at Aboukir. They bear the names of . . . antius and Benignus.

Late imperial coins, as of Philip and Gallienus, are inserted as ornaments in some of the most recent pieces of Roman jewellery.

Above Compartment 33 is a gold vase of the Roman period, dredged up off the coast of Asia Minor. It has an inscription on the foot, stating the weight as two pounds and a half, half an ounce and one scruple. The vase is perfectly plain, but of graceful shape. Cases J-L (upper parts) contain Roman silver objects from France, for which see below, p. 138.

[Cases J-L (lower parts) and M, N contain gold ornamentsBritish, Irish, barbaric, Byzantine, Anglo-Roman, and savageforming a part of the collections of the British and Mediaeval Department.]

Fig, 57.-Types of antique Rings: a, b, Mycenaean; c, Early Greek; d, 4th century Greek; e, Hellenistic; f, g, Etruscan; h, Imperial Roman.

Cases O-P. Series of antique, mediaeval, and later fingerrings, and cameos mounted as rings. Those with which we are concerned occupy Case P, and the right-hand portion of Case O.

Case P. Greek, Etruscan, and Roman gold finger-rings, set with engraved stones, or having designs engraved on the gold bezel.

The first row contains principally late rings, set with a plain stone or paste. There are also a few gold rings without stones, conspicuous among which are two set with Roman Imperial coins, like the jewellery in Case H.

The second and third rows contain the Greek designs, engraved