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1754. Statue of a youth, from the Westmacott collection.

It

is a graceful and pleasing figure, but weak in the anatomy and execution. It has been suggested that the figure ought to be restored, with the right hand raised, and placing a wreath upon the head, and that it may be a copy of the statue of Kyniskos (a youthful pugilist at Olympia) by Polycleitos. Beside the figure is a fine replica of the head from Apollonia.

501. Statue of an athlete binding a fillet (see above), a slighter and more youthful rendering of the subject than the Diadumenos of Vaison. From the Farnese collection.

1568. Actaeon devoured by his hounds. He had discovered Artemis bathing, and in punishment was to be torn to pieces by his own hounds, who took him for a stag. The transformation is suggested by the stag's horns (which are, however, in this case, a restoration).

1720. Mithras slaying a bull. Mithras was the Persian sungod, whose worship became popular at Rome at the close of the Roman Republic. The bull which Mithras sacrifices in these groups, and the other accessories, are symbolical of animal life and reproductive power.

1710. Nymph of Diana, seated on the ground, as if playing with knucklebones. This figure was found in circumstances which seemed to show that it was part of the decoration of a fountain.

1755. A figure of a young boy, drawing a thorn from his left foot, over which he bends with an expression of pain and close attention. The subject also occurs in a well-known bronze in the Palace of the Conservatori at Rome. (See a cast in the Gallery of Casts.) In the bronze it is executed in a more formal and less realistic style. The relationship of the two figures is uncertain.

1756. Figure from a group of two boys quarrelling over knucklebones. The boy is biting savagely the arm of his adversary.

1583. Finely modelled torso of Aphroditè. The fractured surfaces have been cut smooth, for a restoration, and the torso was much injured in a fire at Richmond House.

1753. Figure of an athlete standing, preparing to throw the disk. Several replicas of this figure are extant, which point to a well-known original, but the sculptor has not been determined. The torso of this figure is ancient, but most of the rest is restored.

1636. Dionysos embracing a personification of the vine--not, however, the youth Ampělos (who was converted into a vine, according to the legend), since the figure is clearly female.

1531. Figure of Jupiter, with the eagle of the Olympian divinity, and the Cerberus of the Infernal God. A mixed type, such as became common in late Roman art.

1560. Life-size statue of Artemis, with a deer in her left hand, from Rome. When first discovered there were traces of blue paint along the edges of the drapery, in imitation of the archaic female statues, but these have now become invisible.

1745. A Satyric figure, playing on the flute. This figure, of

which the lower part is in the form of a square term, has been called Midas, who, according to Pliny, was inventor of the pipe with a side mouthpiece. As, however, the invention of the instrument is also assigned to Pan, the attribution is doubtful.

1599. Hermes (or Mercury), from the Farnese collection. Several replicas of this type exist, which must be derived from some well-known original, nearly akin to the Hermes of Praxiteles. In one instance (the Hermes of Andros') the type seems to have been employed to represent a dead person in heroified form.

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On the right of the staircase is :

774. Apollo receiving a libation from Victory. Numerous examples are known. It seems probable that they are votive, and that in selecting as their subject the victory of Apollo in a musical contest, the dedicators indirectly commemorated their own triumph in similar exercises of skill.

It is to be observed that a considerable proportion of the sculptures grouped at this end of the room are in the archaistic style that is to say, they are works of a comparatively late age (third to first century B.C.), deliberately reproducing the characteristics of an archaic period (the sixth and early fifth centuries B.C.).

As a rule they copy and exaggerate the obvious features, such as the conventional treatment of the hair and folds of drapery, but fail to catch the archaic treatment of the eyes, nose, and mouth. In some cases, however, a question can fairly be raised whether a work ought to be assigned to the archaistic or the genuinely archaic group.

[The circular staircase, in the apse at the end of this gallery, descends to the Graeco-Roman Basement and Annex.]

THE GRAECO-ROMAN BASEMENT
AND ANNEX.

SUBJECT: GRAECO-ROMAN AND ETRUSCAN
SCULPTURES.

These rooms contain a number of Graeco-Roman sculptures, for the most part of subordinate interest, and examples of Etruscan art. Visitors who wish to obtain a nearer view of the objects in the Annex should apply to the Keeper of the Department.

GRAECO-ROMAN SCULPTURES.

In the Basement, Leginning on the left of the staircase, are :

Fig. 44.-Hermes

2205. Relief in black granite from Canopus in Egypt (fig. 44). Hermes with lyre and herald's staff (caduceus). An early example of archaistic work.

2517. A chair for use in the hot bath, shaped externally like a chariot.

1765, 1766. Two realistic statues of fishermen, with fish baskets.

Such representations of rustic life are believed to have been developed in the school of Alexandria.

1768. Ethiopian tumbler, balanced on a small crocodile, with his legs in air.

1557. Marsyas, tied to a pine-tree, awaiting his punishment at the instance of Apollo.

Above is (49) a mosaic, with a basket of fruit, and an overturned basket of fish, eels, etc.

3rd bay. Architectural fragments.

4th bay. 790. This relief represents the nymph Cyrenè in the act of strangling a lion, while, to commemorate this triumph, a crown is held over her head by Libya. The elegiac quatrain beneath records the dedication of the relief by one Carpos. According to the legend told by Pindar (Pyth. ix., 26), Cyrenè was a Thessalian maiden. Apollo saw her slaying a lion in the valleys of Pelion, while guarding her father's flocks. He became enamoured of her and carried her off to the part of Libya which afterwards bore her According, however, to another form of the legend, she had

name.

freed a part of Libya from the ravages of a lion, and it is probably in connexion with this later legend that Libya is introduced crowning Cyrenè in the relief. Compare the statue, no. 1384.

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2215. The small relief in this bay, with two dogs attacking a boar, is one of the very few sculptures which belonged to Sir Hans Sloane, and thus formed the nucleus of the Sculpture collections of the Museum.

2608. Console or keystone of an arch, with a figure of Victory. 52*. Mosaic, with eight Mediterranean fish.

53*. At the end of the room is a portion of a large mosaic pavement (fig. 45), found in 1856 in the Roman villa at Halicar

Fig. 46.-No. 2454. Ventilator panel.

nassos. Aphroditè is rising from the sea, seated in a large shell, supported by two Tritons. She holds a mirror in one hand, and wrings a tress of hair with the other.

Along the window-side of the room are miscellaneous GraecoRoman sculptures and mosaics. Among the latter is (54*) a mosaic, from the corridor of the Roman villa at Halicarnassos, with a bay wreath, containing words of good omen- Health! Long life! Joy! Peace! Cheerfulness! Hope!'

In the middle of the room are various altars, fountains, vases, etc. See also four disks, with Bacchic subjects in low relief. These disks were mounted on central pivots, and served as revolving shutters for ventilators (fig. 46).

ETRUSCAN SCULPTURES, ETC.

1st bay. A reconstruction of the tomb known as the Grotta Dipinta,' at Bomarzo, with facsimiles of the wall paintings, which consist of figures of Hippocamps, etc., and a highly conventionalized frieze of waves and dolphins. The sarcophagus (55*) is that which was found in the tomb. The cover is in the form of a roof, at each end of which sits a Sphinx; on the ridge tile is a serpent coiled in a knot. The pediments and the ends of the joint tiles on the roof are ornamented with masks of Medusa. On the front and back of the sarcophagus are reliefs representing Etruscan deities. At one end of the sarcophagus are a Gryphon and lion devouring a stag, and below this two lions devouring a bull.

2nd bay. The four large sarcophagi were found together in a tomb at Toscanella.

56*. Sarcophagus. On the lid a recumbent male figure holding a bowl; on the front, two marine monsters in relief.

57*. Sarcophagus. On the cover is a male figure reclining. On the front is a relief representing a winged male figure leading a chariot, attended by three lictors with fasces (the executioner's axe and rods) and a trumpeter; above this is an Etruscan inscription.

58*. Sarcophagus. On the cover a recumbent figure with a two-handled cup; on the front is a relief representing Scylla overpowering two male figures.

59*. Cover of a sarcophagus. Draped female figure reclining. Underneath are reliefs representing a bearded head with Phrygian cap, and on each side a boy riding on a sea monster.

Above, on each side of the bay, is a small series of Etruscan sepulchral chests.

3rd bay. 60*. Sepulchral urn, in the form of a seated male figure, divided into two parts at the waist.

61. Sarcophagus from the Tomb of the Chariots, Corneto (Tarquinii). On the front and back are scenes in relief from the Taking of Troy (Iliupersis). At one end is a scene which appears to represent the quarrel of Achilles and Agamemnon; above this

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