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this cleanliness, but the visitors as a whole take great pride in obeying sanitary laws.

Gradually dignity is encroaching upon the territory of the "Midway," and a new magnificent "million dollar" pier has been erected in the vicinity that was once known as "Cheap Side."

Compare the modern views of Atlantic City, in connection with this article, with those of ten years ago and the improvements are in accord with the times.

Yet, with all these changes, Atlantic City today is what it was ten years ago, and will be ten years from now, as far as humanity is concerned. The magnificent ocean is always the same; the beach as it was centuries ago. Humanity itself has not changed since Adam and Eve, and the following description of the popular pleasure resort of years ago is applicable now and will be years hence:

"For centuries Venice has been celebrated in song and story as the Bride of the Adriatic, and though her location is undeniably a damp one, the general humidity of all those years has been unable to prey upon her prestige. Now let some native poet arise in his might, dub Atlantic City, this fair city by the sea, the Bride of the Atlantic, and with characteristic American energy and grit, sing her into rivalry with the Adriatic's antique spouse. tages are all on our side.

The advanOur city is

younger, fairer, fresher in every sense of the word, and its streets are much better adapted to bicycle and automobile riding. It is true we have cottages in place of castles and spruce hotels instead of palsied palaces. Then, perhaps, the boardwalk is not so romantic as St. Mark's Square, but no one can deny that its sights and its parades have more genuine wild excitement about them than feeding pigeons, and that its curiosities-human, animal and mineral-are even greater wonders than the equine boasts of St. Mark's. And certainly the Atlantic is much bigger than

the Adriatic.

"The European city is a regular Italian wife, living in meek submission to her wedded spouse, about as rapid in her habits as an oyster in July, and depending on past grandeur to supply present pride, while our seaside queen is a typical young American wife, gay and giddy, saucy and independent, by no means preferring past triumphs to present exhilarations, and determined to have first, last and always a perennial and variegated good time, sublimely ignoring any other authority than her own sweet will. It is true that some years ago her hoary wedded lord and master rose in his wrath, clutched her in his arms, poured the flood of his angry waves upon her and simply cut her off from all

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communication with the outside world. But, of course, in this day of constitutional rights, her forced seclusion was short-lived, nor did it teach her a lesson even, for today she is as gay and giddy as ever, and Old Ocean, like many another American husband, has retired from the unequal conflict with the disagreeable conviction that he simply made a grey and melancholy waste of his energies in attempting to discipline her.

"The man who said there is a place and time for everything, should come to Atlantic City and take a solitary stroll upon the boardwalk-one only would suffice to knock his theories higher than the proverbial kite. All sorts and conditions of people in all sorts and conditions of attire, from the lady in evening dress, wending her way to a hop, to the humble McGinty who cannot dress in his best suit of clothes, because he hasn't any, meet, mix and mingle in a way to bring tears of joy to the eyes of an advocate of true democracy. As to the amusements of that popular thoroughfare, human ingenuity has about exhausted itself to supply them. There are bazars full of the beautiful Japanese and Chinese ware, of dainty jewelry, of pale glittering amber, of shining glass, of things too numerous to mention in the way of bric-a-brac, of loads of candy and stocks of tin buckets

and wooden spades, apparently competent to supply the whole juvenile population of the United States.

"In sober truth, no American citizen's education is complete without a visit to Atlantic City. It is told of a prominent foreigner 'doing the States' that he remarked after a visit to this great resort that he honestly did not believe there was another place like Atlantic City on the habitable globe. It is one of the most remarkable combinations of the age. Some resorts are noted as exclusive; some as popular; some are frequented by politicians; some have sporting renown; some attract the moneyed and leisure classes; others are the haven of those who have but little money to invest and want every penny's worth back in dividends of amusement and health. Atlantic City, alone, is the resort at once of both the classes and the masses. Millionaires, teachers, clerks, diplomats, society belles, merchants, society leaders, workingmen, office holders, ambassadors, literary men and women-one could not mention a single class of people that at one time or another has not its representatives at Atlantic City. It is equally the city of the Four Hundred and of the millions, and each class is equally at home in its comprehensive bounds.

"More than any other city in the Union.

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it expresses the perfect adaptability of the American character. Any other place with such a heterogeneous population would find itself confronted with a problem of 'confusion worse confounded.' Not so Atlantic City. There is not a more orderly, safer or more easily running municipality in the country. It welcomes every need, and it adapts itself to every need it receives. One may live luxuriously or modestly, according to one's means and inclinations, though this may be said of almost any American city. But one may live here not only in accordance with one's means, but also in accordance with one's tastes a very rare quality in any large center. Does one like bustle, excitement, shopping, driving, business? There are the smooth, level streets, the shops, the banks, the wheels, the autos, the horses and carriages, the theaters, the sports-what one wills and has at home. Is one solitary in habit, sick in body, shunning the crowd, longing for silence and relief 'far from the madding crowd?' A few steps from all this bustle, noise and excitement, and one is alone, with the soothing silence of sky and ocean calming his spirit and laying its balm on tired eyes and weary mind. Is one a lover of nature in her grandest and her strongest forms? There is the ocean; the great, restless, heaving ocean, with its mystery, its infinity, its

majesty, its vastness, stretching as far as eye can see. There it holds one for hours, sometimes almost crystal clear in its smooth rippling, sometimes with its giant breakers tossing in stormy wrath till clouds and water meet, ever changing, yet always the same, with a fascination that the loveliest other scenes of nature can not touch.

"On the contrary, does one love the study of humanity? A step or two from beach to boardwalk, and there the book of humanity is before one, its pages turning over one after the other, so rapidly that one can scarce keep up with the constant shifting and changing of types. If the proper study of mankind is man, then one of the best schools in the world is the boardwalk at Atlantic City. One can enter the primary grades of this study and finish its university course without leaving the boardwalk. It is simply a matter of observation, thought and knowledge developing. All sorts of personalities are there, till one wonders how even the ingenuity of nature could ring such an infinity of variety upon the simple human pattern. All characters express, unfold or suggest themselves, till one sees that the variety of feature is merely a faint sign of the variety of being embraced in what we call humanity. The seven ages of man are there; oh, how that myriad mind of Shakespeare

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N the great internecine struggle of 1861-65, when the North and the South locked arms in deadly civil combat, many were the heartrending scenes and tragedies of domestic life, when old friends of a lifetime, blood relations, brothers and sisters, parents and children, lovers and sweethearts and even man and wife were frequently divided in their sentiment in regard to their allegiance to the old flag of the Union, or the new banner of the Confederacy.

"Such divided allegiance," says a prominent writer, "could not fail to often result in scenes of the greatest distress, and in poignant sorrow and dread extending throughout the conflict. The success of one or the other of the combatants in a great battle, although it might bring its cheer and exultation to those who had espoused or sympathized with the cause of the victor, would often necessarily bring sorrow for dear friends and relatives in the ranks of the vanquished, and dread that later details would show the death or wounding of some brave boys very dear at heart.

Pikesville, Md., now really a suburb of Baltimore, about ten miles from the city, while not being situated in the vortex of hostilities like many of her sister Southern villages, and having never been disturbed by the thundering roar of artillery, the rolling fire of musketry, the clash of sabers, or the angry shouts of surging lines of battle, yet she was not altogether free of the excitement and unrest that affected her sister villages, and the cry of "All quiet along the Potomac," was in several instances a misnomer, and her citizens were rudely awakened from their fancied security when the tide of Confederate invasion rolled northward from that historic boundary.

Containing the second oldest United States Arsenal (now the Confederate Home), it became evident that as the tension became greater between the two sections of the country, the village would be under the surveillance of Federal troops who would be sent as a garrison for this old post during the progress of hostilities.

This surmise proved correct, for after the resignation of Col. Benjamin Huger, who was the last regular army commandant of the old post, before the commencement of hostilities, holding that position from 185661, to tender his services to the Confederacy, the Arsenal from that date forward was garrisoned by different regiments raised for the Federal service.

At the commencement of the conflict Pikesville boasted of a military company known as the "Garrison Forest Rangers.

The company numbered between forty and forty-five members, and they drilled for a time in the lower room of Mt. Zion Lodge, I. O. O. F. Their musket rack was in one of the small ante-rooms of the lodge, and the writer remembers often, when a boy, the many times he had counted the rests in the rack, there being forty-five of these, one for each musket.

The members of this company were more or less of strong Southern feeling, and thinking that Maryland would secede, they seized the Arsenal, calculating to use the post for a recruiting station for the Confederacy. The federal authorities hearing of this act, quickly mustered in a force of troops from Philadelphia to take possession of the post and hold it for the Government.

Having received information of this move to oppose them, the Rangers evacuated the post, disbanded as a company, some of its members, including their Captain going South, and others taking no part in the conflict.

The first troops to occupy the Arsenal was a regiment from Philadelphia, known as the "three months' men," they having volunteered for that period. They were succeeded by a regiment from Wisconsin, to be followed in turn by a regiment from Indiana, also the First and Second Maryland regiments and the Purnell Legion. Pikesville at that period was a little straggling village of about a dozen houses, the main portion of them being situated on the west side of the Reisterstown turnpike.

All of the triangle now embraced within the boundary of the turnpike, the Old Court road and Walker Avenue, was then an open field, joining the arsenal grounds on the north.