doors were given in 1893 in memory of J. J. Astor. In the churchyard are the graves of many noted men-Alexander Hamilton, Robert Fulton, Albert Gallatin, Captain Lawrence, General Phil Kearny. In the northeast corner is the Gothic monument in memory of the patriots "who died in British prisons in the Revolution." The next place of interest is the Equitable building, said to be the largest in New York. In the rear is the site of the old sugar-house prison, where so many patriots died in the Revolution. On John street, a short distance further, is Golden hill, where the fight took place between the soldiers and the Sons of Liberty, January 1770. At Broadway and Vesey street is St. Paul's church, the oldest in New York, built in 1766. Washington's pew is still shown, though renewed since that time. In the rear wall of the church facing Broadway is a tablet in memory of General Richard Montgomery, the hero of Quebec. South of City Hall park is the Post Office, a huge granite building, which cost between $6,000,000 and $7,000,000. The City Hall park, the site of the old "Commons," lies between Broadway and Park row. In it stands the City hall, the best specimen of Italian architecture in the country, built in 1803-1812. The governor's

room contains the chair in which Washington was inaugurated, the desk on which he wrote his first message to Congress, and other relics, and portraits of many eminent men. The register's office was used in the Revolution as a prison, where thousands perished of fever or starvation. North of the City hall is the Court house, which, under the Tweed Ring, cost the city $12,000,000. Park row contains the buildings of most of the Great New York newspapers; the most prominent are those of the New York Times, the Tribune, and the World, which is the largest of all. From its gilded dome, 310 feet high, a most conspicuous feature of lower New York, a magnificent view can be obtained. The U. S. signal service station is on the roof of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company's building, 66 Broadway.

Beyond the Bridge are to be found the various foreign quarters for which this locality is noted. The Jewish quarter is in Chatham and Baxter streets, the Italian in Mulberry street, and the Chinese in Mott street. In this region is the famous Five Points, once the worst part of the city. On Centre street stood the city prison, commonly called the Tombs, a granite building of pure Egyptian architecture. It was on the site of the Collect pond, which was filled up in 1817, and the prison was built about 1840, and removed in 1897. On the adjoining block is a new and very large municipal building. Chambers street marks the limit of old New York. The stockade stretched across the island on about the line of that street nearly until the Revolution. Above Chambers street, Broadway is occupied chiefly with wholesale warehouses. On Astor place is the new building of the Mercantile library, which is on the site of the old opera house in front of which the famous Astor Place riot took place in 1849. Near by is the Astor library, founded in 1848 by John Jacob Astor, and since then endowed by several members of the Astor family, the entire fund amounting to about $1,700,000. The library owns over 300,000 volumes, besides valuable manuscripts, and a collection of paintings by Meissonier and other French painters, and is now a part of the New York public library (Astor, Lenox, and Tilden foundations). At the junction of Astor place and third avenue is the Cooper Union, built in 1857 by Peter Cooper, and endowed at an entire cost of almost $1,000,000. It includes free schools of science and art, a free library and lecture hall. Directly opposite is the Bible house. Beyond Astor place, at the bend of Broadway, stands Grace church, a beautiful Gothic edifice of white limestone, built in 1845. The beautiful rectory, chantry, and church-house form a picturesque group of buildings. At 14th street Broadway passes Union square, an attractive park of about 3 acres. On the west side is Tiffany's famous establishment. East of the square, on 14th street, are the Academy of Music, once the principal opera-house, and Tammany hall, the seat of the famous political organization, incorporated in 1789 as a benevolent institution, the name being a corruption of Tamenund, a famous Indian. Between Union and Madison squares, on and west of Broadway, is the great retail shopping district. At 23d street Broadway crosses Fifth avenue, and runs along Madison square, a public park of about six acres. Here are St. Gaudens' bronze statue of Farragut, Rogers's bronze statue of W. H. Seward, Ward's bronze statue of Roscoe Conkling, and the Worth monument. In the vicinity are some of the best hotels, the finest restaurants, and many of the leading theaters. East of the square is the Madison Square Garden. The huge building contains an amphitheater, where horse-shows, flowershows, etc., are held, and also a theater, concert-room, ball-room, and restaurant. whole area is 425 by 200 feet, and a tower 300 feet high stands at one corner, surmounted by a figure of Diana, by St. Gaudens. Between Madison square and 42d street, Broadway is lined with theaters and hotels. The best-known theaters are Daly's, Wallack's, the Fifth Avenue, the Casino, a beautiful Moorish structure, and the Metropolitan operahouse which was burned in 1892 and rebuilt in 1893. At 59th street Broadway is continued by the Boulevard, a wide and beautiful street, with a park of grass and trees in the center. The fashionable street of New York is Fifth avenue, beginning at Washington square, a park of about nine acres. Spanning the main drive is the Washington Memorial Arch, by Stanford White, erected in 1892. North of the square is still a remainder of the once fashionable quarter. Below 42d street Fifth avenue has been generally encroached on by business; below 23d street are to be found many large publishing houses and clubs. At 23d street is the Fifth Avenue hotel, and within a short

The

distance above is the Holland house. Delmonico's, formerly in the neighborhood of the Fifth Avenue, was removed to 44th street in 1897. At 34th street is the large marble Stewart mansion, erected at a cost of $3,000,000, and now occupied by the Manhattan club. At 39th street is the Union League club, one of the largest in the city. The fine Moorish temple, Emanu-El, the chief synagogue in New York, is at 43d street. At 42d street is the old Reservoir, on the left of which is Bryant park, the site of the Crystal Palace. Near Fifth avenue, on 43d street, is the fine Renaissance building of the Century club, and just beyond is the magnificent Racquet Club house. At 50th street is St. Patrick's cathedral, one of the finest church buildings in the country. It is 332 feet long, 132 feet wide, and 112 feet high, and has two beautiful spires, each 330 feet in height. It is built of white marble, in decorated Gothic style, was designed by James Renwick, and has cost $2,000,000. The interior is fine, and the decoration of the altars is very elaborate. It has seats for 2600 and standing room for as many more. Opposite are the brown-stone Vanderbilt houses, decorated with beautiful carving. The house of Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt, on the next corner, is in the style of a French château, most elaborately carved, and probably the finest private residence in the city. At 57th street is the house of Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, a brick and gray stone structure, also in the French château style, and occupying an entire block on the avenue. This part of Fifth avenue is filled with stately residences, many of fine architecture. At 59th street, Fifth avenue reaches the Plaza, a square just below Central Park, surrounded by enormous hotels-the Plaza, the Savoy, and the New Netherlands. Above 59th street, facing Central Park, are magnificent houses in various styles of architecture. At 60th street is the house of the Metropolitan Club, finished in 1894. It cost $1,500,000, and is one of the most magnificent in the world. Between 70th and 71st streets is the Lenox library, built by Mr. James Lenox, at a cost of $1,000,000, and endowed by him with nearly $250,000. It is a handsome building of Lockport limestone, and has a frontage of 192 feet. It contains a free reference library with many incunabula, the Stuart collections of 10,000 volumes and 242 valuable paintings, the picture gallery of 150 fine modern paintings, including several by Andrea del Sarto, Gainsborough, Constable, Reynolds, Stuart, Copley, and Turner, and Munkacsy's "Blind Milton." Among the treasures of rare books and MSS. are the Mazarin Bible of 1455, and copies of many early books, and a magnificent vellum manuscript of the Gospels, with superb illuminations by Giulio Clovio, valued at $12,000.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, a partly-completed building 233 by 224 feet, is in Central Park, opposite 83d street. The museum was incorporated in 1871, and the present value of the collections is over $7,000,000. The most important of these are the Cesnola collection of Cypriote antiquities, the most valuable in the world; the Marquand collection of old masters, containing several masterpieces; the collection of modern paintings, including Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair," Meissonier's "1807," Detaille's "Defence of Champigny," all very valuable; the Wolfe collection of paintings; the collections of Egpytian antiquities, of glass and pottery; the Astor and Stuart lace collections; that of gems and golden ornaments; and the collection of antique casts, including fine models of the Parthenon, an Egyptian temple, the Pantheon, and Notre Dame. Central Park, now one of the most beautiful in the world, extends from 59th to 110th streets, and from Fifth avenue to Eighth avenue, and covers 862 acres. It was designed by F. L. Olmsted and Calvert Vaux in 1858, and has cost about $15,000,000. It is the fashionable drive of New York, and every afternoon a stream of superb equipages pours in from Fifth avenue. The park is separated by the new Croton Reservoir into the North and South parks. It contains about nine miles of carriage-drives, about six miles of bridle paths and about 30 miles of foot paths. Some of the most beautiful features are the Mall, the chief promenade; the Terrace, a fine stone construction with flights of steps leading to the lake; the Belvedere, the highest point, on a hill commanding a fine view; and the Ramble, a labyrinth of charming paths, streams, and thickets. The North park, above the Reservoir, has many natural beauties. On the west side, in Manhattan square, below 81st street, is the American Museum of Natural History, incorporated in 1869. The building erected in 1874-77 and the handsome Romanesque wing added in 1891 are but a part of the plan, which, when completed, will occupy about 18 acres. The collections, now valued at $3,000,000, include the Jesup collection of North American woods, the finest of its kind in existence; the collection of American building stones; the collections of mammalia, birds, and insects; the collections of minerals and shells; the fine Tiffany collection of gems, and the anthropological and ethnological collections. There is a lectureroom, accommodating 1000 persons, in which lectures are given to the school-teachers of New York, as well as a library of 34,000 volumes, and rooms for students. Morningside park begins near the northwest corner of Central park, and extends to 123d street. It is a narrow, elevated piece of land, having an area of 32 acres, and forms a boundary to the ridge known as Cathedral Heights, on which many imposing edifices are in process of construction. These are the new St. Luke's hospital, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, which will be, when finished, one of the finest buildings in the United States. Above is the site of the new buildings of Columbia university, now in process of erection, and near the end of the ridge is the handsome new building of the Teachers' college. Riverside park is another narrow strip,