anguish; and during this time it is said that the King, greatly to his credit, sent Dr. Chinner his own physician to visit him, and to make him an offer of the assistance of his surgeons. On the twenty-fourth of June, 1643, this illustrious patriot expired, at a period when his life was of the utmost national consequence; it being judged from his natural disposition, and the integrity of his heart, that he would have opposed the usurpation of the Protector with as much fortitude, as he had withstood the encroachments of Charles. It is probable, had he lived, that the parliament (dissatisfied with Essex's conduct) would have promoted him to the generalship; and, as he was never known to exercise any authority otherwise than for the public welfare, he would naturally have kept Cromwell's ambitious spirit within proper bounds.

His remains were interred in the church of Great Hampden in Buckinghamshire, where a stone was laid over his grave with the effigies of himself, his wife, and ten children.

His eldest son Richard succeeded to his seat in the House of Commons, and distinguished himself in it as a zealous friend to the same cause in which his father died. His grandson, John, likewise served in parliament; three of his daughters were married to respectable gentlemen in the same line of political connexions with himself, and holding public employments under the authority of the Long Parliament; and the same parliament, as a testimony of it's sense of his merits, ordered the sum of five thousand pounds to be paid out of the national revenues for the use of his family.

"Mr. Hampden,' says Clarendon,

was a

man of much greater cunning, and it may be, of the most discerning spirit, and of the greatest address and insinuation to bring any thing to pass which he desired, of any man of that time, and who laid the design deepest. He was not a man of many words, and rarely begun the discourse, or made the first entrance upon any business that was assumed; but a very weighty speaker, and after he had heard a full debate, and observed how the House was like to be inclined, took up the argument, and shortly and clearly and craftily so stated it, that he commonly conducted it to the conclusion he desired: and if he found that he could not do that, he was never without the dexterity to divert the debate to another time, and to prevent the determining any thing in the negative, which might prove inconvenient in the future. He made so great a show of civility and modesty and humility, and always of mistrusting his own judgement, and esteeming his with whom he conferred for the present, that he seemed to have no opinions or resolutions, but such as he contracted from the information and instruction he received upon the discourses of others; whom he had a wonderful art of governing, and leading into his principles and inclinations, while they believed that he wholly depended upon their counsel and advice. No man had ever a greater power over himself, or was less the man that he seemed to be: which shortly after appeared to every body, when he cared less to keep on the mask.'

And again:

He was of a most civil and affable deportment.

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In his entrance into the world, he indulged to himself all the licence in sports and exercises and company, which were used by men of the most jolly conversation. Afterward he retired to a more reserved and melancholy society, yet preserving his own natural cheerfulness and vivacity, and above all, a flowing courtesy to all men: though they, who conversed nearly with him, found him growing into a dislike of the ecclesiastical government of the church, yet most believed it rather a dislike to some churchmen, and of some introducements of theirs, which he apprehended might disquiet the public peace. He was rather of reputation in his own country, than of public discourse or fame in the kingdom, before the business of Ship-Money; but then he grew the argument of all tongues, every man inquiring who and what he was, that durst at his own charge support the liberty and property of the kingdom, and rescue his country, as he thought, from being made a prey to the court. His carriage, throughout this agitation, was with that rare temper and modesty, that they who watched him narrowly to find some advantage against his person, to make him less resolute in his cause, were compelled to give him a just testimony. And the judgement, that was given against him, infinitely more advanced him, than the service for which it was given. When this parliament begun (being returned Knight of the shire for the county where he lived) the eyes of all men were fixed upon him as their Patria Pater, and the pilot that must steer the vessel through the tempests and rocks which threatened it. And I am persuaded, his power and interest at that time was greater to do good or hurt, than any man's in the kingdom, or than any

man of his rank hath had in any time: for his reputation of honesty was universal, and his affections seemed so publicly guided, that no corrupt or private ends could bias them.

He was of that rare affability and temper in debate, and of that seeming humility and submission of judgement, as if he brought no opinion of his own with him, but a desire of information and instruction; yet he had so subtile a way of interrogating, and under the notion of doubts insinuating his objections, that he infused his own opinions into those from whom he pretended to learn and receive them. And even with them, who were able to preserve themselves from his infusions, and discerned those opinions to be fixed in him with which they could not comply, he always left the character of an ingenious and conscientious person. He was indeed a very wise man, and of great parts, and possessed with the most absolute spirit of popularity, and the most absolute faculties to govern the people, of any man I ever knew. For the first year of the parliament, he seemed rather to moderate and soften the violent and distempered humours, than to inflame them. But wise and dispassioned men plainly discerned, that that moderation proceeded from prudence and observation that the season was not ripe, rather than that he approved of the moderation; and that he begot many opinions and motions, the education whereof he committed to other men; so far disguising his own designs, that he seemed seldom to wish more than was concluded: and in many gross conclusions, which would hereafter contribute to designs not yet set on foot, when he found them sufficiently backed by majority of voices, he would with

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draw himself before the question, that he might seem not to consent to so much visible unreasonableness; which produced as great a doubt in some, as it did approbation in others, of his integrity. What combination soever (he adds) had been originally with the Scots for the invasion of England, and what farther was entered into afterward in favour of them, and to advance any alteration of the government in parliament, no man doubts was at least with the privity of this gentleman.

After he was among those members accused by the King of high-treason, he was much altered; his nature and carriage seeming much fiercer, than it did before. And without question, when he first drew his sword, he threw away his scabbard: for he passionately opposed the overture made by the King for a treaty from Nottingham, and as eminently all expedients that might have produced any accommodations in this that was at Oxford; and was principally relied on, to prevent any infusions which might be made into the Earl of Essex toward peace, or to render them ineffectual if they were made; and was, indeed, much more relied on by that party, than the General himself. In the first entrance into the troubles, he undertook the command of a regiment of foot, and performed the duty of a colonel upon all occasions most punctually. He was very temperate in diet, and a supreme governor over all his passions and affections, and had thereby a great power over other men's. He was of an industry and vigilance not to be tired out or wearied by labours, and of parts not to be imposed upon by the most subtile and sharp, and of a personal courage equal to his best parts: so that he was an enemy not to be wished,