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12. Gold clasps, inlaid as before, made in the form of the

hieroglyphics

i.e., "peace and gladness of heart."

13. Scarab of gold, carnelian, emerald, and lapis lazuli, forming the bezel of a ring.

14. Scarab inscribed

set in gold.

15. Lapis-lazuli scarab inscribed “ Royal daughter, Merret,”

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16. Lapis-lazuli scarab, set in gold, inscribed with the pre

nomen and titles of Âmenemḥāt III. ¶‹

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creator of things, Maat-en-Ra, giver of life like the Sun for ever."

17. Yellow glazed faïence scarab inscribed with the name of

the queen Khnem-nefer-ḥet ́017.

18. Gold cylindrical stibium tube.

The wooden boats and siedge which were discovered outside the wall enclosing the pyramid are worthy of note, and are of considerable interest.

The southern brick pyramid of Dahshûr is on a lower level than the northern, and much of its upper portion has been removed by the fellaḥin, who treated it as a quarry for the bricks with which they built their houses. It is, however, in a better state of preservation than its fellow, and is still an imposing object in the Egyptian landscape. M. de Morgan's estimate of the length of each side is 125 feet; this pyramid is, like the northern, built of unburnt bricks, and it was surrounded by a wall of unbaked bricks, which enclosed the ground wherein the members of the royal family were buried. While excavating in this spot, M. de

Morgan found some fragments of a base of a statue inscribed

with the prenomen of Åmen-em-ḥāt III.

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and judging from this fact and from the general appearance of the site, he would ascribe this necropolis to the period of the XIIth dynasty. About 20 feet from the enclosing wall, at the north-east corner of the pyramid, two pits were found, and the second of these proved to be the entrance to a tomb. An inclined brick wall led to a small vaulted door, and in the ruins here the workmen found a small beautifully worked gilded wooden statue, on the base of which was inscribed, “Horus, the son of the Sun, of his body, giver of life," Near the

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حل

ΔΡ.

statue were two Canopic jars of alabaster, inscribed with the prenomen of a new king (0 Au-ȧb-Ra, who it

seems was co-regent with Amenemḥāt IV.; the nomen of

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1. A magnificent wooden shrine for the statue of the ka of king Au-ȧb-Kā or Ḥeru.

2. Statue in wood of the kaof king Ãu-ab-Rā, a unique object of the highest interest; the execution is simply wonderful. It is worthy of note that there was nothing on this figure to indicate the royal rank of him for whom it was made.

3. Rectangular alabaster stele with an inscription of king Au-ȧb-Rã in fourteen lines; the hieroglyphics are painted blue.

4. Rectangular alabaster stele inscribed with a prayer for funeral offerings for the same king.

5. Alabaster altar inscribed with four lines of hieroglyphics. 6. Two alabaster libation vases inscribed.

7. Small wooden statue of the ka of the king, covered with

gold leaf; the eyes are of quartz set in silver.

8. Box for holding the sceptres and weapons of the king. In the coffin the wrecked mummy of the king was found.

On the 15th and 16th February, 1895, M. de Morgan succeeded in bringing to light, in the necropolis of Dahshûr, a further "find" of jewellery. These beautiful and interesting objects were found in the tombs of the princesses Ita and Khnemit, which are situated to the west of the ruined pyramid of Amenemḥāt II. By good fortune they had been overlooked by the plunderers of tombs in ancient days, and so both the tombs and the coffins inside them remained in the state in which they had been left by the friends of the deceased more than four thousand years ago. Among the objects found were the following:

1. Bronze dagger, set in a gold handle inlaid with carnelian, lapis-lazuli, and emerald.

2. Pieces of gold and lapis-lazuli from the sheath of the above.

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7. Two golden heads of hawks, inlaid with carnelian, etc. 8. One hundred and three gold objects in the form of

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9. One hundred and fourteen gold objects in the form of

Q and 4), inlaid with carnelian, etc.

10. A large number of gold, carnelian, lapis-lazuli, and emerald beads.

11. Two golden crowns inlaid with carnelian, etc.

12. Twenty-four gold amulets, inlaid with carnelian, etc.,

in the form of the hieroglyphics 7,,,,

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THE QUARRIES OF MA'SARA AND TURRA.

These quarries have supplied excellent stone for building purposes for six thousand years at least. During the Ancient Empire the architects of the pyramids made their quarrymen tunnel into the mountains for hundreds of yards until they found a bed of stone suitable for their work, and traces of their excavations are plainly visible to-day. The Egyptians called the Turra quarry

Re-au, or Ta-re-au, from which the Arabic name Turra is probably derived. An inscription in one of the chambers tells us that during the reign of Amenophis III. a new part of the quarry was opened. Unȧ, an officer who lived in the reign of Pepi I., was sent to Turra by this king to bring back a white limestone sarcophagus with its cover, libation stone, etc., etc.

THE PYRAMID OF MEDÛM.

This pyramid, called by the Arabs El-Haram el-Kaddab, or "the False Pyramid," is probably so named because it is unlike any of the other pyramids known to them; it was

probably built by Seneferu (11*~}); the first king

of the IVth dynasty, for the name of this king is found at various places in and about it. The pyramid is about 115 feet high, and consists of three stages: the first is 70, the second

20, and the third about 25 feet high. The

stone for this building was brought from the Mokattam hills, but it was never finished; as in all other pyramids, the entrance is on the north side. When opened in modern times the sarcophagus chamber was found empty, and it would seem that this pyramid had been entered and rifled in ancient days.* On the north of this pyramid are a number of mastabas in which 'royal relatives' of Seneferu are buried; the most interesting of these are those of Nefermat, one of his feudal chiefs

erpā ḥā), and of Atet his widow. The sculptures and general style of the work are similar to those found in the maṣṭăbas of Sakkara.

The results of Mr. Petrie's diggings here are given in his Medum, London, 1892.

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