fortunate in losing the battle of Chickamauga, for which Grant relieved him of his command. General Rosecrans had great personal courage, and, as a military strategist, had few equals. THE “MAINE'S" We are unfortunately COURT OF compelled to go to press before the anxiously INQUIRY expected Report of the Board of Inquiry into the loss of the " Maine '' is received, or at least given out, by the authorities at Washington. The delay in arriving at the momentous decision, whatever the findings may be, indicates thoroughness in prosecuting the Inquiry, as well as the difficulty that no doubt lay in the path of those charged with the important and delicate investigation. The Report, however, will now, no doubt, be immediately forthcoming, and may possibly be before the nation as soon as these pages are in the hands of the reader. Meantime, while the feeling of suspense deepens throughout the country, it will not be amiss if it leads to continued calmness of mood and sobriety of thought and judgment befitting the gravity of the situation and the calamitous consequences of an appeal to arms, should that unhappily be the issue of the matter. On the general question of non-intervention, we have in the opening editorial in the present issue expressed ourselves; but while our convictions are strong on this point, and are little influenced even by the tragic condition of affairs related by Senator Proctor in his impressive account of his recent visit to Cuba, we are prepared to view much more seriously the question of Spain's culpability, if it be that she is responsible, even by implication, for the destruction of the "Maine," and the woful loss of life which was the accompaniment of that most pitiful catastrophe. In this respect, we take our stand on the ground of right as well as of patriotism; yet with a feeling of doubt, which incontestable proof alone can remove, that either Spain or her Cuban subjects in revolt could be guilty of so unprovoked and dastardly a deed as the blowing up of our war-ship. Unhappily, what little has transpired of the findings of the Court of Inquiry, point if not to foul play in the Harbor of Havana, then to a criminal degree of negligence, which lost the "Maine" and those by whom it was gallantly manned to our naval service, while perpetrating an act of fiendish atrocity. To what degree, if at all, Spain is responsible, we are as yet, of course, unable to say. We can only hope that, if the dastardly deed-presuming that we can speak of it as that is to be brought home to her, there will be such clearness of evidence and such a unanimity of judgment as to leave no room for equivocation or evasion when the claim is presented to Spain, and the demand made for reparation, with the amplest apology to this country. In this event, however bitter may be the pill the Spaniard will have to swallow, it is to be hoped that no foolish resentment or pride will prevent the Madrid government from acting equitably and justly, and thus averting war, or a condition of affairs between the two countries hardly less objectionable than the actual outbreak of hostilities. Well also will it be if the pacific settlement of the claim, whatever may be its exact extent or nature, shall pave the way, through either tardy remorse or the force of public opinion exerted by onlooking nations, for the termination of Cuba's woes and the final restitution of the unhappy Island to hope and happiness, and—if practicable - to freedom. D In Memoriam. THE "MAINE'S" DEAD. EATH came out of the black night's deep, The Kansas lad and the Hampshire boy, Nor flag, nor shot, nor battle-cry, Nor strain of the nation's air, There looks a face from far-away home, For the Hampshire Jack who'll not come back, EVENTS OF THE MONTH Monday, February 7.-A convention of game wardens and others interested in the preservation of game and uniform game laws was opened in Chicago ...A San Francisco dispatch says that the Pacific steam whaling company is about to send a relief steamer in search of the ice-bound fleet.... During a debate in the French chamber of deputies on the government's foreign policy, M. Hanotaux said France was convinced that any cataclysm causing a disruption in China would have the most terrible consequences, and the government's aim was to work hand-in-hand with the other powers for the peaceful development of the country.... The trial of M. Zola and M. Perreux, manager of the "Aurore," was begun in Paris. Tuesday, February 8.-William W. Thomas, the new United States minister to Sweden and Norway, was received by King Oscar and presented his credentials....Ambassador White has cabled the State Department that fresh American fruits not infected are freely admitted to Germany; importation of live plants is prohibited....At the opening of the British parliament, Lord Salisbury gave pacific assurances as to affairs in China....China is said to have abandoned the idea of raising a loan in London or elsewhere.... Great Britain, France, and Russia have agreed to guarantee a Greek loan. Wednesday, February 9.-A letter written by the Spanish minister, De Lôme, at Washington, and containing insulting references to the President was published....The agricultural department states that the domestic merchandise exported in 1897 amounted in value to $1,082,007,608, of which $689,753,193 was agricultural products. It is announced that Russia has abandoned the candidature of Prince George of Greece for the governorship of Crete....Gen. D. Jose Reyna Barrios, president of Guatemala, was assassinated in San Jose, Guatemala....Captain-General Blanco has returned to Havana from his unsuccessful campaign against the insurgents....Paul Krüger has been reëlected president of the South African republic. Thursday, February 10.-The Spanish cabinet accepted the resignation of Señor Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish minister at Washington; the first secretary has been intrusted with the conduct of the current affairs of the legation....The administration is fully satisfied with the prompt acceptance of Señor de Lôme's resignation by the Spanish cabinet; the Canalejas letter is expected to have an important effect on the Cuban question....Japan has given notice to China that she intends to keep the naval station of Wei-Hai-Wei permanently; Chinese ministers abroad have been informed that in consequence no foreign loan is required....The trial of M. Zola continued in Paris, the court excluding all testimony relative to the Dreyfus affair. Friday, February 11.-The general relations between Germany and the United States were discussed in the Reichstag....China has consented to the British demand for a railway from Burmah to Yunnan, and has granted other points to France and Germany....Two Russian Nihilists were convicted in London of inciting the assassination of the Czar....Col. Picquart went on the stand in the Zola trial in Paris; he discredited his superior officers who conducted the Dreyfus case in the eyes of the spectators, and showed that he had been persecuted after his honest effort to probe the truth began. Saturday, February 12.-Customs receipts for the first twelve days of February were upwards of $7,000,000....The government has abandoned its purpose to ask for postponement of the sale of the Kansas Pacific railroad, the reorganization committee having offered to pay the entire principal of the lien....At the dinner of the Marquette club, in Chicago, ex-President Harrison spoke on Lincoln," and Secretary Gage on "Government and Finance". .The American line steamship "St. Louis " arrived at New York with 212 persons who had been rescued from the Holland-American line steamer "Veendam," early on Monday morning last....A request by defendants' counsel for the secret documents mentioned by witnesses at the Zola trial was refused by the court; further exciting scenes characterized the day's proceedings. Sunday, February 13.-Fifty-five representatives of textile unions of New England met in Boston and unanimously voted to recommend that all unions call out the operatives in every cotton mill in New England....King Oscar of Norway and Sweden has entrusted ex-Premier Steen with the task of forming a new ministry Great Britain is negotiating with China to open Yuen Chau Fu as a treaty port, and is negotiating also on the subject of the navigation of inland waters. Monday, February 14.-The Republican congressional campaign committee perfected its organization, Representative Babcock being reëlected chairman....The Russian government has awarded to the Carnegie Steel Company a contract for sufficient Harveyized nickel-steel armor for two battleships; the price is $500 per ton....The Spanish cabinet decided to appoint Señor Louis Polo Bernabe to succeed Señor Dupuy de Lôme as minister to the United States The Dutch minister at Peking is trying to arrange a Chinese 5 per cent. loan of £4,000,000 The trial of M. Zola was continued, the testimony being generally favorable to the case of the defendant. Tuesday, February 15.-The battleship "Maine " was blown up in Havana harbor; 260 of the officers and crew were killed....The national committees of the Democratic, Populist, and Silver Republican parties issued addresses urging united action by these parties on the money question.... The exports of domestic merchandise in January amounted to $106,761,524, an increase of $14,000,000 over January, 1897.... Right Rev. Charles Todd Quintard, Protestant Episcopal bishop of Tennessee, died at Meridian, Ga..... The trial of M. Zola in Paris revealed more letters alleged to have been written by Major Esterhazy, criticizing the French army. The birth record of Amerigo Vespucci has been found in the church of San Giovanni, in Florence; the date is March 18, 1452....Edhem Pasha has been ordered from Thessaly to Uskub to inquire into outrages complained of by Bulgaria. Wednesday, February 16.-The destruction of the "Maine" in Havana harbor caused the greatest excitement in Washington, where the disaster is regarded as inflicting an almost crippling blow on the navy; prompt action was taken to care for the wounded sailors; President McKinley sent a dispatch of condolence to Captain Sigsbee....The Kansas Pacific railroad was sold at Topeka for $6,303,000 to Alvin W. Krech, representing the reorganization committee In the Zola trial General Pellieux made an earnest speech against witnesses for Zola, denouncing those who were trying to injure the army when the country was in danger. Thursday, February 17.- The President and members of the administration are still confident that the destruction of the "Maine" was caused by an accident inside the ship; a board of inquiry was appointed, with orders to make a rigid investigation....The State Department announced that the De Lôme incident was satisfactorily closed, the Spanish government having disavowed the ex-minister's reflections on President McKinley....In the trial of M. Èmile Zola and M. Perreux at Paris, the presiding judge again refused to order the production of the "bordereau" or Dreyfus note.... In the lower house of the diet at Vienna, the Mayer group submitted an interpellation asking if it were intended to prohibit the importation of American fruit, in view of danger from the San Jose scale....A new cabinet for Norway was appointed by King Oscar, ex-Premier Steen resuming office. Friday, February 18.-Secretary Long, on behalf of the administration, emphatically denied wild and warlike rumors arising from the destruction of the "Maine." The government of Canada consented to United States troops accompanying the Klondike relief expedition, provided they do not bear arms in Canadian territory... The Russian government has appointed Count Cassini to be ambassador to the United States instead of minister.....Major Esterhazy was on the stand in the Zola trial, but refused to give testimony bearing on the important facts in the case... A protest was entered in the French chamber of deputies against the importation of American horses. Saturday, February 19.-The request of the Spanish officials in Havana for a joint investigation of the wreck of the "Maine" was declined by this government, but all facilities will be granted for them to make a separate inquiry. ....Acting Secretary Meiklejohn of the war department said that the present activity in work on coast defences had no connection with the "Maine" disaster....Divers continued to work on the wreck of the battleship in Havana harbor, doing salvage work....Spanish troops have been defeated in Cuba, and General Gomez is marching westward in the direction of Havana. Little new testimony was given in the Zola trial, most of the time being taken up in controversies between the presiding judge and M. Labori....Thirty-six British officers, with immense quantities of munitions of war, left London for West Africa. Sunday, February 20.- The coast survey steamer "Bache," with wrecking apparatus and divers, arrived at the scene of the disaster at Havana....Orders have been issued for the en listment of 300 men for the navy to fill the vacancies caused by the destruction of the battleship "Maine" and to complete the legal quota....A French force advanced on Sokoto, a town in West Africa within territory claimed by the British....Minister Woodford will present to the Queen Regent the President's dispatch thanking Spain for sympathy expressed at the loss of the "Maine" A requiem service for the victims of the "Maine" disaster was held in Berlin. Monday, February 21.- Attorney-General Griggs was formally presented to the United States Supreme Court, and was admitted to practice before that tribunal....The Irish home rule bill introduced by the government leader in the British House of Commons is accepted by all factions of the Irish party....Zola addressed the jury in his own defence, and dramatically exclaimed: "Dreyfus is innocent!"....The Swiss referendum has resulted in popular approval of the proposed state purchase of the railroads of Switzerland....A Pekin dispatch to the London "Times "" says that China has agreed to open all her inland waters to navigation by steamers, whether foreign or native owned. Tuesday, February 22.-President McKinley was the orator at the Washington's birthday celebration held by the University of Pennsylvania In the House Representative Johnson, of Indiana, a Republican, made a vigorous speech opposing the annexation of Hawaii by the United States....The French minister of foreign affairs has communicated to the British ambassador the assurance that there are no French troops in the Sokoto region acting under orders from the government....The Chinese loan of $80,000,000 has been arranged with the Hong Kong and Shanghai bank of London and the German Asiatic bank. Wednesday, February 23.-Verdicts of guilty were found against M. Zola and M. Perreux in Paris; the former was sentenced to one year's imprisonment and the latter to four months, while each was fined 3,000 francs; there were wild anti-Jewish demonstrations in the streets of Paris after the verdicts were announced....A report comes by way of Vienna that there is an uprising against Japanese rule in Formosa. Thursday, February 24.-It is said that the explosion which wrecked the "Maine" came from underneath the vessel, and that her magazines had nothing to do with the initial explosion.... The Supreme Court began the hearing of the joint-traffic cases in which the government seeks to set aside an agreement between thirty-one leading railroads....Mrs. Daniel Manning was elected president-general of the Daughters of the American Revolution.... Premier Meline, replying to interpellations in the French Chamber of Deputies, made a statement concerning the conviction of Émile Zola and received a vote of confidence.... Mr. Joseph Chamberlain announced in the House of Commons that he expects a friendly and satisfactory settlement with France concerning West Africa. Friday, February 25.-The President has appointed Colonel Henry C. Corbin adjutantgeneral of the army to succeed General Samuel Breck, retired on account of age. ...The Spanish cruiser "Vizcaya" sailed from New York for Havana....The Panama canal commission has arrived at Greytown, having finished the inspection of the line. A cablegram from Madrid says: The government has no choice if the United States adopts a threatening attitude, for the prospect of war is popular with all parties... Colonel Picquart, who was the chief military witness for Émile Zola, has been cashiered and deprived of his uniform....The German Reichstag committee has agreed to the bill increasing the German mail ship subsidy by 1,500,000 marks for a far east service. Saturday, February 26.-Both Secretary Long and Secretary Alger authorized positive denials of rumors that extraordinary preparations for war are in progress on account of the "Maine" disaster....The navy department asked authority from Congress to enlist 1,500 more men, as crews for the "Columbia" and the "Minneapolis"....The Spanish Cortes was dissolved; the Spanish ministry made a reassuring statement regarding the relations of Spain and the United States; they also voted 1,000,000 pesetas to develop the Spanish navy....Public meetings are being held in Argentina urging the government to prepare for war with Chili...An attempt was made by two men to shoot King George of Greece as he was driving near Athens; the king escaped unhurt. Sunday, February 27.-The "Maine" Court of Inquiry arrived at Key West, where it will examine witnesses....The overdue French steamer "La Champagne" was towed into Halifax by the freight steamer "Roman"....A large shipment of reindeer arived at this port from Arctic Lapland on the "Manitoban"; they are bound for the Klondike.... Premier Sagasta says that no Spanish government would listen to a proposal to arbitrate the Cuban trouble.... Another treaty port, Lake Yung-ting-Tu, will be opened to commerce by China. Monday, February 28.-The navy department received its first official information from the "Maine" court of inquiry in a letter from Captain Sampson.... Information received in Washington indicates that a general war among the Central American republics is likely to break out ....The operations of the national treasury for February show a surplus for the first time in six years for that month.....One of the men who attempted to assassinate King George of Greece was arrested....Emperor William has congratulated Prince Hohenlohe on concluding the KiaoChau agreement. Tuesday, March 1.-Secretary Long said that in his personal opinion any official participation by the Spanish government in the blowing up of the "Maine" was practically eliminated in his judgment....The war department made contracts for a million dollars' worth of projectiles for the new high-powered guns mounted on the coast fortifications. Wednesday, March 2.-The navy department has decided to send two cruisers to Cuba to carry food supplies to the suffering reconcentrados; the "Montgomery" will take supplies to Matanzas and the "Nashville" to Sagua la Grande.... Preparations for war with Nicaragua are actively advancing in Costa Rica....The twentieth anniversary of the coronation of the Pope was celebrated at Rome....The latest returns of the election held in Ontario show that the Liberal government has been sustained by a majority of three in the Legislature. Señor Campossales has been elected president and Señor Rosasilvo vice-president of Brazil....Prince Albert, nephew of King Leopold and heir apparent to the throne of Belgium, sailed for the United States to study the government and people. Thursday, March 3.-Domestic merchandise from the United States to the amount of 5,351,350 tons passed through Canada in bond last year from one point in the United States to another....President Dole, of Hawaii, has sent $500 to the "Maine "relief fund....The Loud bill limiting second-class mail matter was beaten in the house by a large majority....The federal convention at Melbourne has adopted the proposal that the capital of Australasia be federal territory, like the District of Columbia in the United States, the existing capitals being excluded. Friday, March 4.-The "Maine" Court of Inquiry sailed from Key West on the "Mangrove" for Havana, where the sessions will be renewed; it is not belived that any vital evidence was secured at Key West....It is reported that Spain has bought two warships building in England for Brazil, and is negotiating for two more....Japan has demanded of Russia an immediate and explicit statement regarding the continued occupation of Port Arthur. Saturday, March 5.-High officials of the administration affirm that the present military and naval activity was not to be regarded as an indication that war was expected....The Senate Foreign Relations Committee decided to make another attempt to secure ratification of the Hawaiian annexation treaty....In a duel between Colonel Picquart and Colonel Henry, growing out of the Zola trial, the latter was wounded....The resignations of the Austrian ministers were tendered and accepted and the emperor intrusted to Count von Thun Hohenstim the task of forming a new cabinet. Sunday, March 6.-The Spanish government recently intimated a desire that Consul-General Lee be recalled from Havana, and that supplies for the destitute Cubans be conveyed in merchant vessels; the Washington government declined to comply with these requests....Both Russia and France have opposed the AngloGerman loan, and have each demanded of China a quid pro quo; Russia insists that China surrender to her all her sovereign rights over Port Arthur and Ta-lien-wan for the same period and on the same conditions as in the case of KiaoChau.....The Japanese minister at Pekin has demanded an officially signed assurance of the payment of the war indemnity due next May. Monday, March 7.-The Spanish government has withdrawn its request for the recall of Consul-General Lee from Havana; the administration decided to send the "Fern" instead of the cruiser "Montgomery" with relief supplies to Cuba. The Court of Inquiry continued its sessions at Havana....China has agreed to the demands made by Russia to lease Port Arthur and Ta-lien-wan for ninety-nine years....A dispatch from Hong Kong says that a fresh rebellion has broken out in the Philippines. INQUIRIES ANSWERED* PLEASE enlighten me through the information columns of your highly appreciated magazine as to the following: 1. Does there exist photographic or other reproductions of Boughton's painting of Hester Prynne? Where would I be able to obtain one? 2. Where can photographs of Boughton's other paintings of Puritan subjects be obtained? 3. Give a short outline of Boughton's career as an artist. Only those paintings of Boughton's which were exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1878 are, we believe, to be had in photographic reproductions. There are, among others which are not photographed, these: 1. John Alden and Priscilla. 2. The Two Farewells. 3. Pilgrim Exiles. 4. Priscilla. 5. Puritans Going to Church. 6. Return of the "Mayflower.” These are furnished, in miniature photographic form, by the Moulton Photograph Company of Salem, Massachusetts, or they may be ordered from Thayer and Chandler, 46 Madison St., Chicago. We do not learn that any reproduction of Hester Prynne exists. George Henry Boughton was born in England in 1834. His family removed to Albany, N. Y., three years later, where without masters he began the study of his art, opening his first studio in 1850. He went to London in 1853 for the purpose of observation and improvement, and made a sketching tour through England. On his return to America he settled in New York, where he was soon recognized as a landscape-painter of great promise. He first exhibited his "Winter Twilight" at the National Academy in 1858. He went to Paris in 1860, and studied and copied until he removed to London in 1861, where he has since resided. Mr. Boughton depicts Puritan life with much felicity and delicacy. In 1863 he sent to the British Institute Passing into the Shade," which was highly praised, and to the Royal Academy the same year he forwarded "Through the Fields" and "Hop-Pickers Returning." He has frequently exhibited at the National Academy in New York, and his "Edict of William the Testy" is in the Corcoran Gallery in Washing ton. It has never been exhibited elsewhere. In 1879 Mr. Boughton was made an Associate Academician of the Royal Academy of London. In 1896 he became a Royal Academician. All his pictures command high prices and many of them are to be found in the finest private galleries in England and America. His scenes of "Knickerbocker" life and his pictures of Breton peasant life of the present day have been frequently photographed and engraved. Will SELF CULTURE please inform a League Member and constant reader which are the chief patriotic songs of America and who are their authors and composers? Among the patriotic songs of America are: 1. National Hymn, "God Save Our Union," words and music by P. S. Gilmore. 2. "Viva L' America, Home of the Free," composed by Harrison Millard. 3. "The Flag of Our Union," words by George P. Morris, music by W. Vincent Wallace. 4. "E Pluribus Unum," words by Capt. G. W. Cutter, music by Mrs. E. H. Pendleton. 5. "Red, White, and Blue, or Hail Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," words and music by David Shaw. 6. "Columbia" (founded on the History of America), words and music by P. S. Gilmore. 7. "Battle Hymn of the Republic," by Julia Ward Howe. 8. "John Brown, or Glory Hallelujah" (unknown). 9. America," ," words by S. F. Smith, music by J. C. Macy. 10. "God of Our Fathers," words by Rev. S. Wolcott, music by H. P. Danks. II. "The Sword of Bunker Hill," words by William Ross Wallace, music by Bernard Covert. 12. "Yankee Doodle," words anonymous, music by J. C. Macy. 13. "Rally Round the Flag," words by James T. Fields, music by Wm. B. Bradbury. 14. "Landing of the Pilgrims," words by Mrs. Hemans, music by Miss Brown. 15. "The Land of Washington," words by G. P. Morris, music by F. H. Brown and Collin Coe. 16. "The Banner of Freedom," American National Hymn, by J. N. Pattison. There are many other American patriotic songs; but these we mention are among the most popular. Probably the best collections are the two which usually go together and complete |