A Profitable YOUNG Would you like to engage ...BE EARNING A GOOD INCOME... We manufacture the best portable We furnish a complete outfit for be- KELSEY & CO., Meridan, Conn. wwwwwww Send your address on a postal card and we mail at our risk 14 pieces of the most magnificent Gold Plated Jewelry that you ever saw. You to sell them among Lady or Gentlemen friends at 25c. and 35c. each. When sold you send our money and we send an open face, stemwinding, gold plated, fine timekeeping Watch, also a gold plated Chain and Charm free to your address, or you may keep half the money instead of the watch. In writing you agree to send our money or return jewelry. Write your whole name. Address N. Y. T. COMBINATION, 811 E. 116th St., New York. A Strong Stomach Will Save Your Life (Inquiries Answered Continued.) Please inform me how time is marked at sea by bells and dog-watches, etc. Ship's time is marked by "Watches." Afternoon watch is from mid-day to 4 p. m., first dog watch from 4 to 6 p. m., second dog watch from 6 to 8 p. m., first watch from 8 to midnight, middle watch from midnight to 4 a. m., morning watch from 4 to 8 a. m., and forenoon watch from 8 a. m. to mid-day. The morning watch is the coldest; the dog watches are divided to give a crew alternate nights of duty on deck. The "Watches' are announced by "Bells." Mid-day or midnight, 8 o'clock, and 4 o'clock are marked by "8 bells," and half an hour past any of the four is "I bell,"; I o'clock, 5 o'clock, and 9 o'clock are 2 bells," and half an hour past any of these is "3 bells "; 2 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 10 o'clock are "4 bells, "and half an hour past any of the three is "5 bells"; 3 o'clock, 7 o'clock, and 11 o'clock are "6 bells," and half an hour past any of them is "7 bells." 66 Oblige an interested reader of SELF CULTURE by stating briefly the causes of the Franco-German war of 1870-71. The Franco-German War (1870-71) was caused directly by the offer of the Spanish Crown to Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern; but the efficiency and organization of the German army proved that the first cause of war would have been seized upon, though the actual declaration of war came from the French. Napoleon III. led the French, and King William of Prussia led the Germans. The latter were in three armies, and the victories of the Third Army at Weissenburg and Wörth drove the French back on Nancy; and the fatal battle of Gravelotte made Marshal Bazaine withdraw inside Metz. In attempting to relieve him, Marshal MacMahon was surrounded at Sedan on September 1; and on the following day both the fortress and the army surrendered, Napoleon III. himself, 50 generals, 5,000 subordinate officers, and 84,000 soldiers of the line becoming prisoners. The immediate result was a revolution in Paris and Gambetta's proclamation of a Republic; the ultimate result was the capitulation of Metz by Bazaine and of Strasburg. This set free enough German troops to closely blockade Paris, which surrendered after a siege of several months. The terms of peace were the cession of nearly all Alsace and nearly a quarter of Lorraine, an indemnity of a thousand million dollars, and temporary occupation of part of France till the indemnity was paidwhich was on September 3, 1873, an extraordinarily short time for such a huge sum. when you write to advertisers. THE SPECIAL TO THE READERS OF SELF CULTURE. GREAT AMERICAN LADIES DO YOU LIKE A GOOD TEA? H E COMPANY PATENTS ...CUP OF... pound If so send this advertisement and 16 cents in stamps or cash and we will send you a Thomas P. Simpson, Washington, D. C. No attorney's fee until patent obtained. Write for Inventor's Guide. MAGICLANTERNS WANTED AND FOR SALE A OR EXCHANGE, HARBACH & CO., 809 Filbert St.,Phila., Pa. GENTS WANTED. Free outfit. One earns $4000, several $1000 yearly. C, P. O. 1371, New York. Please mention SELF CULTURE when you write to advertisers ...VOLUME SIX... Self Culture October, '97- March, '98 ...NOW READY... Subscribers who wish to preserve their magazines in a permanent form should order a handsome brown cloth binding case stamped S with gold letters on the back. Price 40 cents. Cases supplied for any S volume. saves express We do not bind magazines for subscribers, as it charges both ways to order the cases and have your local bookbinder do the work. ONLY A FEW VOLUMES LEFT If you wish to secure the back volumes of SELF CULTURE, you must order them quickly. Vol. 1 is already out of print. The others will not last long if the present demand keeps up. Retail Prices for Bound Volumes: ISSUE OF JUNE, 1895, WANTED. We lack only this one back number to make up volume 1. We want 50 copies of this number 8 and will pay 20 cents for each copy sent to us by subscribers. Mark your name and address on the outside of the package and write a postal card at the time you send the magazine. Address all communica tion to Self Culture Magazine, Akron, Ohio. (Inquiries Answered Continued.) Will you please tell me the meaning of the term "Biology," and the precise nature of the science? The word "biology comes from the Gr. bios, “life,” and logos, “discourse." It is the science of life, which classifies and generalizes the varied phenomena presented by the living world alone. It was first actually formulated at the beginning of this century. A writer says: "Biology is the science which has for its object the study of organic beings, and for its end the knowledge of the laws of their organization and activity." Every human being is something of a biologist. The beast, bird, and fish which form the subjects of the science of Zoology, and the tree, shrub, and herb which form the subjects of the science of Botany— these together form the subjects of the science of Biology or Organism. Underlying this empirical view of plants and animals lies a detailed analysis of each of these forms, which we call anatomy. This involves comparison, and hence we have comparative anatomy; but, as we discern the marvellous unity of type underlying all apparent differences, the conception arises of philosophical anatomy, which is now called morphology. This includes all the static aspects of organisms, as distinguished from the dynamic or vital ones which group under physiology. Why do musicians tune their instruments after, instead of before, coming into the orchestra? It is a mistake to imagine there is no tuning of the instruments before coming into the orchestra. Violinists, double bass players, and violas (if professionals or good amateurs) keep their instruments, as a rule, up to concert pitch, the difference of temperature, the loosening of a peg, or variation in the tension of the strings necessitating another tuning when in the orchestra. Strings of catgut are materially affected by moisture, which swells them laterally and tends to shorten them. Damp heat sharpens the strings, while dry heat flattens them. Concert rooms, according to the state of the weather, experience both conditions. Hence so much tuning as soon as in the orchestra is necessary to get the instruments accustomed to the temperature of the room. Wood wind instruments, such as oboes, clarionets, and bassoons, sharpen from the swelling of the wood by the warm, moist breath of the performer. Brass instruments also sharpen by the heat of the performer's breath. Please mention SELF CULTURE when you write to advertisers. Special Privilege Of Subscribers to.... Self Culture. We take pleasure in announcing as a special privilege, secured for actual subscribers to SELF CULTURE-those only whose names are on our books that we have made arrangements with the National Gramophone Company, 874 Broadway, New York, whereby their perfected instrument - the latest, most astonishing, and altogether the most natural and satisfactory Talking Machine ever invented, The Improved Gram-o-phone can be bought until May 1, 1898, by subscribers ON THE INSTALMENT BASIS. Only when you consider the central fact that none of the innumerable performances of the Gram-ophone is an imitation, but that the sound waves thus set in motion are actual reproductions of the originals, do the possibilities of this wonderful invention become apparent. As a Home Entertainer its pleasure-giving qualities can scarcely be exaggerated. In variety it surpasses everything imaginable. For instance: It is Sousa's Band or its several solo instruments in detail. Its "coon" songs are pronounced equally perfect in their way. All the peculiarities of the banjo, cornet, or trombone are brought out by their masters with startling fidelity. French chanson, German lied, and Italian arias are equally within its scope. It tells the funniest stories in the funniest way, and It recites the twenty-third Psalm, closing with the Doxology, by a fine quartette, with the most tender rev erence. The Gram-o-phone not only brings with it all the songs, instrumental pieces, band music, and variety sketches of the present day, but others follow just as fast as they become popular. The list of records is kept strictly up-to-date. It is the Open Sesame to the entire amusement world. It can entertain a thousand persons at the same time, its carrying power being sufficient for the largest halls. A child can operate it. Its records are indestructible. It is easily made a source of revenue. It can be made to earn its price before you have to pay for it yourself. PRICE:-Machine complete, $25. The proprietors of the Gram-o-phone guarantee satisfaction, agreeing to refund the money, less express charges, if the instrument is not found as represented, and is returned immediately. New York Mail and Express:-"All but human in its talk, and all but original in its music and song." New York World:- For further particulars, Catalogue of Records, and printed matter, address NATIONAL GRAM-O-PHONE COMPANY, 874 Broadway, New York. Please mention SELF CULTURE when you write to advertisers. Why not be your own Middle-man AND SAVE $40? BUT ONE PROFIT BETWEEN MAKER AND USER. Wellington Typewriter No. 2 is a practical, Business-Like Typewriter at a reasonable price, sóc. Visible writing, Quick, Clean Printing and Accurate Alignment. A Powerful manifolder. Guaranteed equal in every particular to any $100 machine or money Refunded after ten days' trial. Illustrated Catalogue Sent Free. THE WILLIAMS MFG. CO. Ltd. Box 15, Plattsburg, N. Y. ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINE. This great Home Healer effects wonderful cures at home, without expense. Utilizes the forces of nature; drives out Rheumatic Pains, Neuralgia and every species of Blood and Nerve disease; cures weak ness of every kind; gives a Direct (not alternating) current, large in volume but pleasant to take; no shock or irritation; its patent switch adjusts current to the weakest child or strongest man. Valuable treatise by Dr. Cutten, its inventor, giving exact instructions for selftreatment with each. We now place nature's greatest curative agent, Electricity, within the reach of the poorest sufferer. By Mail 20c. Extra. Price $1.00 each. ROBT. H. INGERSOLL & BRO., 65 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City, Dept. No. 96. N. B. This is a combined Dynamo and Motor and the most interesting and instructive recent product of electrical science. Every student and and ingenious boy should have it. Will also produce no end of fun. FREE FOR BOYS & GIRLS To introduce the new Easy Threading, Gold Eyed Needles we give a handsome, open face, Gold Plated, Stem Winding, fine timekeeping Watch, and Gold Plated Chain; if you sell a small lot among friends. We mail Needles at our risk. When sold, send money and we mail Watch, or send 28 pieces of plated Table Ware, Air Rifle and 1000 Shots, or Camera, or keep half the money instead of a present. Write that you will return what you don't sell. Give your name (Mr., Miss or Mrs.) so we can tell if you are a Lady or Gentleman. Address, on Postal Card, TRUST NEEDLE CO., 811 E. 116th St., New York TYPEWRITERS MAKES. Remingtons, Caligraphs, Smith Premiers, Hammonds, etc., 40 to 60 per cent. below m'f'rs' prices. Machines Sold, Rented or Exchanged, and guaranteed for same time as when sold by the manufacturers. Machines shipped with privilege of trial. Write for catalogue, mentioning this medium. TYPEWRITER EMPORIUM, 202 La Salle St., Chicago. SCHULTZ & CO. Manufacturers of ESTABLISHED 1857 Gold, Silver, Aluminum and Metal Leaf, Bronze Powders, Flitters and Metallics, Wholesale and Retail. LONG EDGE GOLD A SPECIALTY. Gold Leaf warranted to Burnish. Bookbinders' Rags and Skewings Carefully Smelted. 5 East 8th St. (St. Marks Place), Bet. 2d & 3d Ave's NEW YORK A CANADIAN BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL For the Higher Education of Young Ladies. ..DUFFERIN HOUSE.. 168 John St., Toronto. For terms, apply to the Principal, Miss Dupont. References permitted to the Anglican Bishop of Toronto, also, to the Editor of SELF CULTURE. Please mention SELF CULTURE when you write to advertisers. |