Of Chaos far remov'd ; lest fierce extremes Again the Almighty spake, . Let there be lights Contiguous might distemper the whole frame: High in the expanse of Heaven, to divide And Heaven he named the Firmament: so even The day from night and let them be for signs And morning chorus sung the second day. For seasons, and for days, and circling years; - The Earth was form’d, but in the womb as yet And let them be for lights, as I ordain Of waters, embryon immature involv'd, Their office in the firmament of Heaven, Appear'd not: over all the face of Earth To give light on the Earth ;' and it was so. Main ocean flow'd, not idle; but, with warm And God made two great lights, great for their use Prolific humor softening all her globe, To Man, the greater to have rule by day, Fermented the great mother to conceive, The less by night, altern; and made the stars, Satiate with genial moisture; when God said, And set them in the firmament of Heaven • Be gather'd now ye waters under Heaven To illuminate the Earth, and rule the day Into one place, and let dry land appear.' In their vicissitude, and rule the night, Immediately the mountains huge appear And light from darkness to divide. God saw, Emergent, and their broad bare backs upheave Surveying his great work, that it was good : Into the clouds; their tops ascend the sky: For of celestial bodies first the Sun So high as heav'd the tumid hills, so low A mighty sphere he fram'd, unlightsome first, Down sunk a hollow bottom broad and deep, Though of ethereal mould: then form'd the Moon Capacious bed of waters: thither they Globose, and every magnitude of stars, Hasted with glad precipitance, uprollid, And sow'd with stars the Heaven, thick as a field : As drops on dust conglobing from the dry: of light by far the greater part he took, Part rise in crystal wall, or ridge direct, Transplanted from her cloudy shrine, and plac'd For hæste ; such flight the great command impressid In the Sun's orb, made porous to receive On the swift floods : as armies at the call And drink the liquid light; firm to retain Of trumpet (for of armies thou hast heard) Her gather'd beams, great palace now of light. Troop to their standard; so the watery throng, Hither, as to their fountain, other stars Wave rolling after wave, where way they found, Repairing, in their golden urns draw light, If steep, with torrent rapture, if through plain, And hence the morning-planet gilds her horns; Soft-ebbing; nor withstood them rock or hill; By tincture or reflection they augment But they, or under ground, or circuit wide Their small peculiar, though from human sight With serpent error wandering, found their way, So far remote, with diminution seen. And on the washy ooze deep channels wore ; First in his east the glorious lamp was seen, Easy, ere God had bid the ground be dry, Regent of day, and all the horizon round All but within those banks, where rivers now Invested with bright rays, jocund to run Stream, and perpetual draw their humid train. His longitude through Heaven's high road ; the grey The dry land, Earth ; and the great receptacle Dawn, and the Pleiades, before him danc'd, Of congregated waters, he callid Seas : Shedding sweet influence : less bright the Moon, And saw that it was good; and said, Let the Earth But opposite in levellid west was set Put forth the verdant grass, herb yielding seed, His mirror, with full face borrowing her light And fruit-tree yielding fruit after her kind, From him; for other light she needed none Whose seed is in herself upon the Earth.' In that aspect, and still that distance keeps He scarce had said, when the bare Earth, till then Till night; then in the east her turn she shines, Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorn'd, Revolv'd on Heaven's great axle, and her reign Brought forth the tender grass, whose verdure clad With thousand lesser lights dividual holds, Her universal face with pleasant green; With thousand thousand stars, that then appear'd Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flower'd Spangling the hemisphere: then first adorn'd Opening their various colors, and made gay With their bright luminaries that set and rose, Her bosom, smelling sweet: and, these scarce blown, Glad evening and glad morn crown'd the fourth day. Forth flourish'd thick the clustering vine, forth crept “And God said, Let the waters generate The swelling gourd, up stood the corny reed Reptile with spawn abundant, living soul: Embattled in her field, and the humble shrub, And let fowl fly above the Earth, with wings And bush with frizzled hair implicit: last Display'd on the open firmament of Heaven.' Rose, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread And God created the great whales, and each Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gemm'a Soul living, each that crept, which plenteously Their blossoms: with high woods the hills were The waters generated by their kinds ; crown'd, And every bird of wing after his kind; With tufts the valleys, and each fountain side; And saw that it was good, and bless'd them, saying, With borders long the rivers: that Earth now • Be fruitful, multiply, and in the seas, Seem'd like to Heaven a seat where gods might And lakes, and running streams, the waters fill: dwell, And let the fowl be multiplied on the Earth.' Or wander with delight, and love to haunt Forthwith the sounds and seas, each creek and bay, ller sacred shades: though God had yet not raind With fry innumerable swarm, and shoals Upon the Earth, and man to till the ground Of fish that with their fins, and shining scales, None was; but from the Earth a dewy mist Glide under the green wave, in sculls that oft Went up, and water'd all the ground, and each Bank the mid sea : part single, or with mate, Plant of the field; which, ere it was in the Earth, Graze the sea-weed their pasture, and through groves God made, and every herb, before it grew Of coral stray; or, sporting with quick glance, On the green stem: God saw that it was good : Show to the Sun their wav'd coats dropt with gold, So even and morn recorded the third day. Or, in their pearly shells at ease, attend soon 64 Moist nutriment; or under rocks their food At once came forth whatever creeps the ground, In jointed armor watch: on smooth the seal, Insect or worm: those wav'd their limber fans And bended dolphins play: part huge of bulk For wings, and smallest lineaments exact Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait, In all the liveries deck'd of summer's pride, Tempest the ocean: there leviathan, With spots of gold and purple, azure and green : Hugest of living creatures, on the deep These, as a line, their long dimension drew, Stretch'd like a promontory sleeps or swims, Streaking the ground with sinuous trace; not all And seems a moving land ; and at his gills Minims of nature ; some of serpent-kind, Draws in, and at his trunk spouts out, a sea. Wondrous in length and corpulence, involvid Meanwhile the tepid caves, and fens, and shores, Their snaky folds, and added wings. First crept 'Their brood as numerous hatch, from the egg that The parsimonious emmet, provident Of future ; in small room large heart inclos'd ; Bursting with kindly rupture forth disclos'd Pattern of just equality perhaps Their callow young; but feather'd soon and Aedge Hereafter, join'd in her popular tribes They summ'd their pens ; and, soaring the air sub-Of commonalty: swarming next appear'd lime, The female bee, that feeds her husband drone With clang despis'd the ground, under a cloud Deliciously, and builds her waxen cells In prospect; there the eagle and the stork With honey stor’d: the rest are numberless, On cliffs and cedar tops their eyries build : And thou their natures know'st, and gav'st them Part loosely wing the region, part more wise names, In common, rang'd in figure, wedge their way, Needless to thee repeated : nor unknown Intelligent of seasons, and set forth The serpent, subtlest beast of all the field, Of huge extent sometimes, with brazen eyes, Now Heaven in all her glory shone, and rollid There wanted yet the master-work, the end Govern the rest, sell-knowing; and from thence Descends, thither with heart, and voice, and eyes Of rain bows and starry eyes. The waters thus Directed in devotion, to adore With fish replenish'd, and the air with fowl, And worship God Supreme, who made him chief Evening and morn solemniz'd the fifth day. Of all his works: therefore the Omnipotent “The sixth, and of creation last, arose Eternal Father (for where is not he The breath of life ; in his own image he Male he created thee ; but thy consórt Subdue it, and throughout dominion hold His hinder parts, then springs, as broke from bonds, Over fish of the sea, and fowl of th' air, And rampant shakes his brinded mane; the ounce, And every living thing that moves on th’ Earth.' The libbard, and the tiger, as the mole Wherever thus created, for no place Rising, the crumbled earth above them threw Is yet distinci by name, thence, as thou know'st, In hillocks : the swift stag from under ground He brought thee into this delicious grove, Bore up his branching head ; scarce from his mould This garden, planted with the trees of God, Behemoth, biggest born of Earth, upheav'd Delectable both to behold and taste; His vastness : fleec'd the flocks and bleating rose, And freely all their pleasant fruit for food As plants : ambiguous between sea and land Gave thee; all sorts are liere that all tho Esrik The river-horse, and scaly crocodile. yield, Variety without end; but of the tree, Thou hast repellid; while impiously they thought Which, tasted, works knowledge of good and evil, Thee to diminish, and from thee withdraw Thou may'st not; in the day thou eat'st, thou diest; The number of thy worshippers. Who seeks Death is the penalty imposed; beware, To lessen thee, against his purpose serves And govern well thy appetite ; lest Sin To manifest the more thy might: his evil Surprise thee, and her black attendant Death.' Thou usest, and from thence creat'st more good “ Here finish'd he, and all that he had made Witness this new-made world, another Heaven View'd, and behold all was entirely good; From Heaven-gate not far, founded in view So even and morn accomplish'd the sixth day: On the clear hyaline, the glassy sea ; Yet not till the Creator from his work Of amplitude almost immense, with stars Desisting, though unwearied, up return'd, Numerous, and every star perhaps a world Up to the Heaven of Heavens, his high abode ; Of destin'd habitation; but thou know'st Thence to behold this new-created world, Their seasons : among these the seat of men, The addition of his empire, how it show'd Earth, with her nether ocean circumfus'd, In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Their pleasant dwelling-place. Thrice happy men, Answering his great idea. Up he rode And sons of men, whom God hath thus advanc'd! Follow'd with acclamation, and the sound Created in his image there to dwell Over his works, on earth, in sea, or air, So sung they, and the empyréan rung • Open, ye everlasting gates! they sung, With halleluiahs: thus was sabbath kept. Open, ye Heavens! your living doors; let in And thy request think now fulfill'd, that ask'd The great Creator from his work return'd How first this world and face of things began, Magnificent, his six days' work, a world ; And what before thy memory was done Inform’d by thee, might know: if else thou seek'st BOOK VIII. THE ARGUMENT. doubtfully answered, and exhorted to search Which nightly, as a circling zone, thou seest rather things more worthy of knowledge : Adam Powder'd with stars. And now on Earth the assents; and, still desirous to detain Raphael, seventh relates to him what he remembered since his own Evening arose in Eden, for the Sun creation; his placing in Paradise ; his talk with Was set, and twilight from the east came on, God concerning solitude and fit society; his first Forerunning night; when at the holy mount meeting and nuptials with Eve: his discourse Of Heaven's high-seated top, the imperial throne with the angel thereupon ; who, after admonitions of Godhead fix'd for ever firm and sure, repeated, departs. So charming left his voice, that he awhile Equal, have I to render thee, divine But not in silence holy kept: the harp Historian, who thus largely hast allay'd This friendly condescension to relate With glory attributed to the high Their magnitudes; this Earth a spot, a grain, And all her number'd stars, that seem to roll Spaces incomprehensible, for such Diurnal,) merely to officiate light of spirits apostate, and their counsels vain, Round this opacious Earth, this punctual spot, One day and night; in all their vast survey More plenty than the Sun that barren shines ; Whose virtue on itself works no effect, But in the fruitful Earth; there first receiv'd, Yet not to Earth are those bright luminaries Officious; but to thee, Earth's habitant. For aught appears, and on their orbs impose And for the Heaven's wide circuit, let it speak Such restless revolution day by day The Maker's high magnificence, who built Repeated; while the sedentary Earth, So spacious, and his line stretch'd out so far, That better might with far less compass move, That man may know he dwells not in his own; Sery'd by more noble than herself, attains An edifice too large for him to fill, So spake our sire, and by his countenance seem'd That to corporeal substances could add Who since the morning-hour set out from Heaven With lowliness majestic from her seat, Where God resides, and ere mid-day arriv'd Invalid that which thee to doubt it mov'd; God, to remove his ways from human sense, If it presume, might err in things too high, Her husband the relater she preferr'd And no advantage gain. What if the Sun Before the angel, and of him to ask Be centre to the world; and other stars, Chose rather; he, she knew, would intermix By his attractive virtue and their own Grateful digressions, and solve high dispute Incited, dance about him various rounds ? With conjugal caresses; from his lip Their wandering course now high, now low, then hid, Not words alone pleas'd her. 0! when meet now Progressive, retrograde, or standing still, Such pairs, in love and mutual honor join'd? In six thou seest; and what if seventh to these With goddess-like demeanor forth she went, The planet Earth, so stedfast though she seem, Not unattended; for on her, as queen, Insensibly three different motions move ? A pomp of winning graces waited still, Which else to several spheres thou must ascribe, And from about her shot darls of desire Mov'd contrary with thwart obliquities; into all eyes, to wish her still in sight. Or save the Sun his labor, and that swift And Raphael now, to Adam's doubt propos'd, Nocturnal and diurnal rhomb suppos'd, Benevolent and facile thus replied. Invisible else above all stars, the wheel “ To ask or search, I blame thee not; for Heaven Of day and night; which needs not thy belief, Is as the book of God before thee set, If Earth, industrious of herself, fetch day Wherein to read his wondrous works, and learn Travelling east, and with her part averse His seasons, hours, or days, or months, or years: From the Sun's beam meet night, her other part This to attain, whether Heaven move or Earth, Sull luminous by his ray. What if that light, Imports not, if thou reckon right; the rest Sent from her through the wide transpicuous air, From man or angel the great Architect To the terrestrial Moon be as a star, Did wisely 10 conceal, and not divulge Enlightening her by day as she by night His secrets to be scann'd by them who ought This Earth? reciprocal if land there, Rather admire; or, if they list to try Fields and inhabitants : her spots thou seest Conjecturc, he his fabric of the Heavens As clouds, and clouds may rain, and rain produce Hath leit to their disputes, perhaps to move Fruits in her soften'd soil, for some to eat His langhter at their quaint opinions wide Allotted there: and other suns perhaps, Hereafter; when they come to model Heaven With their attendant moons, thou wilt descry And calculate the stars, how they will wield Communicating male and female light; The mighiy frame; how build, unbuild, contrive Which two great sexes animate the world, To save appearances; how gird the sphere Stord in each orb perhaps with some that live. With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er, For such vast room in Nature un possess'd Cycle and epicycle,,orb in orb: By living soul, desert, and desolate, Only to shine, yet scarce to contribute Down to this habitable, which returns Whether the Sun, predominant in Heaven, Or bright infers not excellence: the Earth, Rise on the Earth; or Earth rise on the Sun; Though, in comparison of lieaven, so small, He from the cast his flaming road begin ; Nor glisteriny, may of solid good contain Or shie from west her silent course advance, With inoffensive pace that spinning sleeps Or enemy, while God was in his work ; On her soft axle, while she paces even, Lest he, incens d at such eruption bold, And bears thee soft with the smooth air along; Destruction with creation might have mixd. Solicit not thy thoughts with matters hid; Not that they durst without his leave attempt ; Leave them to God above ; him serve, and fear! But us he sends upon his high behests of other creatures, as him pleases best, For state, as Sovran King; and to inure Wherever plac'd, let him dispose ; joy thou Our prompt obedience. Fast we found, fast shut, In what he gives to thee, this Paradise The dismal gates, and barricado'd strong ; Ere sabbath-evening: so we had in charge. To whom thus Adam, clearid of doubt, replied. So spake the godlike power, and thus our sire. “ How fully hast thou satisfied me, pure “ For Man to tell how human life began Intelligence of Heaven, angel serene! Is hard; for who himself beginning knew? And freed from intricacies, taught to live Desire with thee still longer to converse The easiest way; nor with perplexing thoughts Induc'd me. As new-wak'd from soundest sleep, To interrupt the sweet of life, from which Sofi on the flowery herb I found me laid, God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares, In balmy sweat; which with his bears the Sun And not molest us; unless we onrselves Soon dried, and on the reeking moisture fed. Seek them with wandering thoughts, and notions vain. Straight toward Heaven my wondering eyes I But apt the mind or fancy is to rove turn'd, Uncheck’d, and of her roving is no end; And gaz'd awhile the ample sky; till, rais'd Till warnd, or by experience taught, she learn, By quick instinctive motion, up I sprung, That not to know at large of things remote As thitherward endeavoring, and upright From use, obscure and subtle ; but to know Stood on my feet: about me round I saw That which before us lies in daily life, Hill, dale, and shady woods, and sunny plains, Is the prime wisdom: what is more, is fume, And liquid lapse of murmuring streams; by these, Or emptiness, or fond impertinence : Creatures that liv'd and mov'd, and walk'd, or flew; And renders us, in things that most concern, Birds on the branches warbling; all things smil'd; Unpractis'd, unprepard, and still to seek. With fragrance and with joy my heart o’erflow'd. Therefore from this high pitch let us descend Myself I then perus’d, and limb by limb A lower flight, and speak of things at hand Survey'd, and sometimes went, and sometimes ran Useful; whence, haply, mention may arise With supple joints, as lively vigor led : Of something not unseasonable to ask, But who I was, or where, or from what cause, By sufferance, and thy wonted favor deign'd. Knew not; to speak I tried, and forthwith spake; Thee I have heard relating what was done My tongue obey'd, and readily could name Ere my remembrance : now, hear me relate Whate'er I saw. Thou Sun,' said I, “fair light, My story, which perhaps thou hast not heard; And thou enlighten'd Earth, so fresh and gay, And day is not yet spent : till then thou seest Ye hills, and dales, ye rivers, woods, and plains, How subtly to detain thee I devise ; And ye that live and move, fair creatures, tell, Inviting thee to hear while I relate; Tell, if ye saw, how I came thus, how here? Fond, were it not in hope of thy reply: Not of myself ;-by some great Maker then, Tell me, how may I know him, how adore, Than fruits of palm-tree pleasantest to thirst From whom I have that thus I move and live, And hunger both, from labor at the hour And feel that I am happier than I know.'Or sweet repast; they satiate, and soon fill, While thus I call’d, and stray'd I knew not whither, Though pleasant; but thy words, with grace divine From where I first drew air, and first beheld Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety.” This happy light; when answer none return'd, To whom thus Raphael answer'd heavenly meek. On a green shady bank, profuse of flowers, “ Nor are thy lips ungraceful, sire of men, Pensive I sat me down; there gentle sleep Nor tongue ineloquent; for God on thee First found me, and with soft oppression seiz'd Abundantly his gifts hath also pour’d My drowsed sense, untroubled, though I thought Inward and outward both, his image fair: I then was passing to my former state Speaking, or mute, all comeliness and grace Insensible, and forthwith to dissolve : Aitends thee; and each word, each motion, forms; When suddenly stood at my head a dream, Nor less think we in Heaven of thee on Earth Whose inward apparition gently mov'd Than of our fellow-servant, and inquire My fancy to believe I yet had being, Gladly into the ways of God with Man: And liv'd: one came, methought, of shape divine, For God, we see, hath honor'd thee, and set And said, “Thy mansion wants thee, Adam; rise, On Man his equal love : say therefore on; First man, of men innumerable ordain'd For I that day was absent, as befell, First father! call'd by thee, I come thy guide Bound on a voyage uncouth and obscure, To the Garden of Bliss, thy scat prepar'd.' 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