goat? and is not the wild Indian of the mountain ten thousand times more noble than the tame man of the town? Piomingo! come away. How can you be contented among the little creamcolored, raccoonfooted, maulfisted, bandylegged, big-bellied, stoop-shouldered, hunch-backed, wrynecked, thick-lipped, woolly haired, bleareyed, doublstongued people, of the town? May my knife become rusty if I do not pay back your white friends a few compliments in return for those they bestow upon us! Shall they call us savages, heathens, barbarians, coppercolored brutes, without receiving a few appropriate appellations in return? They call themselves civilized! Why? Because they are crammed together in cities, labor like brutes, and burden their bodies with unnecessary clothes? If we dwell in smoky huts, we do not like them, live surrounded by filth and inhale the thick odour of corruption. We do not eat poisonous food to make ourselves sick, and then eat poisonous physic to make ourselves well. We do not wear the yoke of slavery, nor groan beneath the lash of oppression. We do not live, like white men and fishes, by devouring each other. "Father; attend! I made a journey last year to the city of Washington in company with several headmen and warriors of the Cherokee nation; and I made it my business to pay particular attention to the appearances and - pursuits of the cream-colored people I was, at first, much amazed at the deformity of their shapes and the hideous cast of their countenances; but I, at last, came to this conclusion: that incessant labor and the continual pracfice of deceit had deformed their persons, and impressed on their faces that mixture of stupidity and malignity, which may be discovered by any attentive observer. “Their unceasing efforts to impose on each other has totally destroyed all the original dignity, candour, and simplicity of their nature, and produced a strange composition of folly, imbecility, and cunning. They hate each other, with the most virulent hatred, yet they are mutually dependent: no man cau live a day, scarcely an hour, without receiving assistance from his fellows. Place one of these civilized men in the desert, and he would be as helpless as a child. Indeed, they exhibit in their conduct all their properties or childhood, but innocence; they are made miserable by the most trifing occurrences; and they are diverted by the most insignificant toys. The least pain imaginable occasions them to utter the moɛt piteous lamentations; and they are convulsed with idiot laughter, when there is nothing to excite the merriment of a man. "Wherever we came, the inhabitants discovered symptoms of childish Euriosity: our persons excited their awkward astonishment, and our dress was the object of surprize and admiration. 66 Upon our arrival at a tavern, some rustic booby would be sure to proclaim the wonderful intelligence; and in less than five minutes we would be surrounded by thirty or forty natives, who would regard us with open eyes, gaping mouths, and the idiot stare of mental imbecility. They appear to have no idea of politeness; for if they had, they certainly would not treat strangers with such glaring indecorum. But they are not satisfied with gazing: if they meet with the smallest encouragement, they will proceed to handle our arms, ornaments, and the different parts of our dress. Luckily they are as cowardly as they are insolent; for if one of us changed to put his hand to his belt, or to take hold of his rifle, the whole troop would start back with as much precipitation as a man would do at the hiss of a viper, or the generous defiance of the rattlesnake. "When a white man arrives at one of our villages, he is received with attention and respect. He is invited into the nearest hut, and receives the food of friendship, and the calumet of peace. We supply his wants, anticipate his desires, and vie with each other in extending to the stranger the duties of hospitality. When we have offered those refreshments which his situation requires, we make no inquiries relative to his business, but spread a couch for the weary traveller and invite him to repose. He is not distressed by a multitude of impertinent questions, "who are you? whence do you come? whither are you going? to what nation do you belong? what is your business? and where did you lodge last night?" He is not incommoded by a crowd of insolent loungers, pressing around him to examine his person, his dress, his arms, and accoutrements. When he has slept off his fatigue, he may examine the village wherever he goes, he will receive the salutation of love, and the offerings of friendship: every house is open, and every hand is stretched out to receive him. He sees no fences or walls as impediments to his progress, or bolts or locks which refuse him admittance. "Piomingo, mark the contrast! When a Cherokee enters any town of village in the United States, he is instantly surrounded by a troop of ignorant, insolent, and malignant boys, exclaiming, "An Indian! an Indian! there goes an Indian! Indian, what's your name? Will you shoot us, Indian?" The poor Indian, distressed with this brutal uproar and savage persecution, endeavours to take refuge in the first house he can find; but admittance is sternly refused, and he is rudely thrust away from the threshold. He goes from door to door, but no one is disposed to show kindness to the stranger, to present the cup of refreshment to his lips, or spread the couch of reposé. The Indian sits down to rest on a stone in the street, and he takes out his knife to terrify the ignorant and cowardly rabble who torment him. At last some one, in whom civilization has not totally extinguished humanity, approaches, and points out a tavern to which the Indian may repair. "Here he gains admittance; for the devil would gain admittance if he came properly recommended; but if it be discovered that the Indian wants the proper recommendation-money-he is hurried with precipitation from the only place that offers entertainment. But even the tavern affords no refuge from his persecutors: he is still insulted by stupid gažers, who distress him with their questions, and devour him with their eyes as though he had fallen from the moon. If he walk out for recreation, he is not allowed to enter this man's garden, or that man's orchard. He is continually in dạnger of trespassing on one fellow's cornfield or the orchard of another. He must not pluck a flower that courts acquaintance with his nose, or stretch out his hand for an apple that hangs over the wall. He may not make free with a turnip or a melon in the field; and is hardly permitted to cut a stick from a hedge. "Father, you are wise. Tell me, I pray, which people are civilized,the red or the white. 2 65 Father, I send you a very long talk, and I could make it much longer; but I begin to be afraid that your patience will be exhausted.-Farewel Yo Biography, &c. SKETCH OF THE REGULAR SUCCESSION, &c. OF "ORK has always been considered as one of the most honorable titles in the gift of the crown; its Dukes have frequently become Kings, and it now seems to be solely confined to the second surviving male branch of the royal family. It appears to have been an Earldom, and a Viscountcy, but is now a Dukedom. EDRIC, a Saxon, at the conquest, was Earl of York. Nothing is reported of him, except that he lost his eyes, and died a prisoner. ROBERT ESCOYLE, was by Henry first, created Viscount of York. WILLIAM LE GROS, was by King Stephen, created Earl of York, in 1138. This nobleman was grandson to Eudo, Earl of Albemarle and Holderness, who had married a sister of William the Conqueror. He was created Earl of York for his services at the battle of the Standard.-Arms. Ruby, a Cress patonce, Varry. OTHо, Duke of Saxony, grandson to Henry second, King of England, was created Earl of York in 1190, by his uncle Richard the first. In 1198, Otho was elected Emperor of Germany, the fourth of that name who had filled the Imperial throne. Otho appears to have been rather an unfortunate prince, for though he obtained his situation by election, his title was disputed by Philip second, and he was obliged to relinquish bis dignity, till the death of Philip, when in consequence of an agreement between them and the marrying of Philip's daughter, he succeeded again to his former rank in 1208. Crowned by the Pope, he bound himself to defend his possessious, but on attempting to seize some part of the territories belonging to the church, the representative of St. Peter excited the princes of the empire to rise up against him, and he was obliged to abdicate in 1212. He retired to his paternal seat, at Hartsberg, where he died in 1218, but could never, while he lived, be prevailed upon to deliver up the Imperial insignia, or renounce his claim to the empire. This Otho is one of the family of Este, or Guelph, and a progenitor of our present monarch.-Arins. Ruby, two Lions passant, guardant, Topaz. EDMUND PLANTAGENET, or Edmund of Langley, the fifth son of King Edward third, was the first who bore the title of Duke of York. His father created him Earl of Cambridge, and Richard the second, his nephew, advanced him to the Dukedom of York, in 1385. From him descended the royal house of York.-Arms. France and England quarterly; a Label of three points Luna, charged with nine Torteaux. EDWARD PLANTAGENET, his son, succeeded to the title, in 1401. He attended his sovereign Henry fifth, in his invasion of France, and fell at the battle of Agincourt, in 1415. RICHARD PLANTAGENET, nephew to Edward, was permitted to succeed him, though Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge, brother to Edward, had with Lord Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, been executed at Southampton, for high treason, previous to Henry's embarkation for France. This Duke who was only sixteen years of age, when his sovereign generously forgave him the forfeiture of his father, was the first, who, in the year 1448, set up the claim of his house against the son of his benefactor, and lighted up that party fire in England, which, for so many years afterwards, could never be extinguished; and which, under the banners of the rival Roses, deluged the nation with blood, destroyed the flower of its youth, and introduced political enmity into the bosom of every family. He was slain at the battle of Wakefield, in 1460, and his head exposed on one of the gates at York, till a change of fortune, some years afterwards, permitted his son to remove it, and bury it with his body at Fotheringay. EDWARD, Earl of March, on the death of his father, became Duke of York, and a few months afterwards, (March 4, 1461,) was proclaimed King of England, under the title of Edward the fourth. RICHARD, the second son of King Edward, was, in 1475, at the age of three years, created by his father, Duke of York, Duke of Norfolk, and Earl of Surrey, and the year following, Earl Marshall. He, with his elder brother, King Edward the fifth, fell a victim to the cruelty and ambition of his unnatural uncle; Richard the third, being smothered by his order, in the tower, in 1483. HENRY TUDOR, second son of King Henry the seventh, and afterwards King Henry the eighth, was by his father, invested with the Duchy of York, in 1495; from this period the Dukedom of York has invariably been attached to the second son of the reigning monarch. CHARLES STUART, second son of King James the first, became Duke of York in 1604. In 1625 he succeeded to the crown; and was decapitated on the 30th of January, 1648.--Arms, Quarterly quartered; First, Jupiter, three Fleurs-de-lis, Sol; quartered with Mars, three lions passant guardant in pale Sol. Second, Sol, within a double tressure counterflowered, a lion rampant Mars. Third, Jupiter, an Irish harp Sol, stringed Luna. The fourth quarter as the first. Over all a file, with three lambeaux, Luna, each charged with as many torteaux. JAMES STUART, second son of Charles I. was created Duke of York in 1643. He succeeded to the crown on the death of his brother, Charles II. in 1684, and abdicated the throne at the Revolution, in 1688. ERNEST AUGUSTUS, Prince of Brunswick Lunenburgh, and Bishop of Osnaburgh, brother to King George the first, was, from his Majesty having only one son, created Duke of York, in 1716; he died unmarried in 1728. Arms. The fourth quarter of the royal arms, as borne by his brother George I. A label for difference. EDWARD AUGUSTUS, second son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and brother to his present Majesty, was created Duke of York on the 1st of April, 1760. His Royal Highness had made nautical affairs his principal study, preparatory to his taking an active part at the Navy Board, and had risen through the regular gradations of service, to the rank of Vice-Admiral of the Blue, when, while making the tour of Europe, he was taken ill of a fever, and died at Monaco, in Italy, on the 7th of September, 1767.-Arms, the same as his Majesty's, at the time of his accession, with a label of five points for difference. Prince FREDERICK, his present Majesty's second son, was created Duke of York on the 27th of November, 1784. His Royal Highness was elected Bishop of Osnaburgh on the 27th of February, 1764, when he was only six months old. He claims this election in right of a stipulation in the treaty of Westphalia, which, in consideration of the inhabitants of Osnaburgh being a mixture of Roman Catholics and Protestants, provides that its secular Bishop shall alternately be a Protestant, and a Catholic; and that the former should always be a Prince of the House of His Most Serene Highness George Duke of Brunswick Lunenburgh; or of that of Augustus Duke of Wolfenbuttle. His Royal Highness married in 1791, Frederica Charlotte Ulrica Catharina, eldest daughter of the late King of Prussia, but is at present childless. EMINENT MEN DECEASED. Nicholas Saunderson, L. L. D. & F. R. S. WHEN from an obscure situation, we see an humble individual, by the powers of his mind, and an industrious perseverance, arrive at an eminence of literary honor; we are struck with adiniration, and our minds involuntarily render him the just tribute of applause. But when to the disadvantages of fortune, or of birth, are added the infirmities of nature, or the debilitating effects of bodily accident; when even the deprivation of a sense, or the loss of a faculty, is to be overcome before the mind can receive the advantages of culture; and when in despite of almost every moral and physical opposition, we perceive him towering high above his fellows, our admiration becomes astonishment, and we are lost in wonder at the singular phænomenon! How far this position will be illustrated by the following brief memoir, obligingly communicated by Mr. Wood, Master of the Free Grammar School, at Penistone, where the subject of it received the first rudiments of knowledge, must be left to our readers to determine. Dr. Nicholas Saunderson, a celebrated Professor of Mathematics, in the University of Cambridge, and F. R. S. was born in January, 1682, at Thurlston, in Yorkshire, where his father had a small estate, and a place in the Excise. When a year old, the small-pox deprived him not only of sight, but of his eyes, which came away in the abscess; and hence he retained no more idea of light and colours than if he had been born blind. Yet being early sent to the Free School of Penistone, he there laid the foundation of that knowledge of the Latin and Greek tongues, which he afterwards improved so far, as to be perfectly able to understand the works of Archimedes, Euclid, and Diophantus, when read to him in the original Greek. On his leaving the Grammar School, his father began to instruct him in the common rules of arithmetic, and here his genius first appeared He was soon capable of working the common questions, of making calculations by the help of his memory, and of forming new rules to himself, for the more readily solving of such problems as are frequently proposed to the learner, rather to perplex than instruct. When eighteen years of age, he was introduced to the notice of Richard West, Esq. of Underbank. This gentleman generously took the pains to instruct him in the principles of Algebra, and Geometry, and soon after Dr. Nettleton took the same pains with him; to these gentlemen he |