I know Christ was stoned by the Jews. And of this grace. I have reason to bless the Lord our hearts swept, but washed; without holiness truly some of these I ascribe to the human, others that you are amiable, that you are improved, that no man can see the Lord.' The evil one must to the divine nature; for by reason of this he is you are affectionate to each other and dutiful to be cast out of us, and Christ must take possession said to be both together.-St. Chrysostom. me; but, O that I could hope that you were gra- thereof. And this he will do for us all if we will cious, that you loved Christ in his true character, open the door and let him in. Behold I stand more than father or brother, more than characters at the door and knock, if any man will hear my distinguished for science and philosophy; for po- voice, and open unto me, I will come in unto him, liteness and refinement, in a vain world, whose and make my abode with him.' . . . Nothing on pageantry will soon vanish as a dream. earth could give me higher happiness than to For "The Friend." The following letter, written by a person not a member of our religious Society, breathes so righteous a concern for his children, that I copy it for "The Friend," believing that some godly parents in the present day will be comforted by the advice given, because it speaks the language of their own hearts. ... "I have been favoured with reading the letters have ground to believe that Christ was formed in you wrote to your sister E., with the scenery the hearts of my children. And it matters little and descriptions of the society in England, and in what Christian records our names are written, the interest you take in it. Are you as much in- if they are but written' in the Lamb's book of terested, my dear child, in the scenes that were life. ... "October 29th, 1810. exhibited in Judea, or Mount Calvary, and in the "Let a father entreat you not to rest in a name "My dear Child,-Religion, real religion, is Garden of Gethsemane? Do they, at any time to live while you are dead; not in a form of god. the principal thing, the thing of first importance, cause such emotions to thrill in your breast? Are liness without its power;-that power that shall the one thing needful, to all ages and characters. you as sensibly interested in the characters there? bring every thought into captivity to the obediIt does not consist in a speculative belief of a cer- How natural, in writing to a beloved sister, bound ence of faith. Do not content yourself with that tain set of principles, even though they be true; with you to eternity, and whose only hope must philosophic religion, which may give God much nor in external performances of a round of duties, be with you, in this Saviour, how natural would in profession, but reserves the heart for the world, though they be the duties which reason and reve- it have been to have adverted to it? You say its fashions, and its customs. lation impose upon us; but it consists in a recon- you love L. for her admiration of S. Do you "The Lord has suffered one of my children, ciliation of the heart to God, in an approbation of love those who admire Christ in his true charac- through the pride of science, and the facinations his character, his government, his truths, his pre- ter, and because they admire him? O, my child, of philosophy, to become perverted from the cepts, his institutions, and a conformity to them, may God enable you to do so, and to love all truth as it is in Jesus; whether he will ever be performing the services which they impose from those who love the Lord Jesus in sincerity. . . . rescued I know not; some have become recovered, a principle of love and respect to His authority "The reading of your letter brought to my therefore, I hope. I must leave him with God. and pleasure. It (i. e. religion) gives God, as mind the breathing of the apostle, in the fourth I have said everything that is profitable to be mannested in Jesus Christ, the preference to all chapter of Galations, nineteenth and twentieth said. Nothing will convince him, and turn him other objects, and rebinds the soul to him, as its verses. However uncharitable it may appear to from his error, but that still small voice which supreme good. Now this is not the natural state you, I must say I stand in doubt of some of my followed the earthquake, and the fire in the vision of man, of any man descended from apostate children, and have fears, that, lest as the serpent of Elijah, and made the prophet wrap his face in Adam. We are alienated and estranged from beguiled Eve through his subtlety, so their minds his mantle. Oh that it would please the Lord to God through the ignorance that is in us, by rea- should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in grant you and him, and all my children, this effison of the blindness of our hearts; we are natu- Christ. The breathing of the apostle, in the pas- cient voice, that you might understand me, and I rally averse from the true character of God as a sage referred to above, implies in the strongest should no longer be to you such as you would holy and sovereign God. We may love his bless. terms, that, naturally, there is nothing of Christ not! But I must give myself to continual prayer. ings, but we love not him. We love pleasure in us; nothing until it is formed within us. This more than God, and the creature more than the is supported by express scripture testimony. Creator. We love human excellence more than Every imagination of the thought of the heart is the Divine,―talk more about it, dwell more upon only evil. The heart is deceitful above all things.' it, although the former is to the latter but as the You hath he quickened,' saith the apostle to the drop of the bucket to the waves of the ocean. Ephesians, who were dead in trespasses and Universal experience, and scriptural declaration sins;' and lest he should be thought to confine confirm this truth; hence the necessity of our be- this description to the heathen, he speaks of the ing born again,-of our being renewed in the privileged Jews as in the same state before their spirit of our minds,-created anew. This is not conversion, ' Among whom we all had our consome trifling alteration in our sentiments, views, versation in times past, in the lusts of the flesh, feelings, and practices, but it is a radical, and fulfilling the desires of the flesh, and of the mind, essential, and abiding change, in which old things and were by nature children of wrath even as pass away and all things become new; in which others.' The doubting, or disbelieving this truth, Christ is welcomed to his throne in the heart, leads to a train of errors. Unless the heart be and everything is brought into obedience to his better than the head, having been the subject of pleasure. This is religion, and to effect this is exercises which the head denies, I do not see how the design of the glorious gospel. Till this is it can be a temple for the Holy Spirit to dwell effected, we have no part or lot in religion,-no in. ... · Your faithful father." SPEED OF RAILROADS. Dr. Lardner adopts some ingenious illustrations to render familiar the extraordinary velocity with which our express trains move. "The Great Western express to Exeter, England, travels at the rate of 43 miles an hour, including stoppages, or 51 miles an hour, without including stoppages; to attain this rate, a speed of 60 miles an hour is adopted midway between some of the stations; and, in certain experimental trips, 70 miles an hour have been reached. A speed of 70 miles an hour is about equivalent to 35 yards per second, or 35 yards between two beats of a common clock. "All objects near the eye of a passenger travelling at this rate will pass by his eye in the title to its blessings. This is the religion I want "A want of conviction of this natural state of thirty-fifth part of a second; and if thirty-five for my children. But I fear, through the pride man, which constitutes the necessity of the won-stakes were erected at the side of the road, a yard of science and philosophy, and the fashionable derful plan of the gospel, is the reason why per- asunder, they would not be distinguishable one liberality of the present day, my children are sons do not know what regeneration means, and from another; if painted red, they would appear placing the most formidable barriers against their why preachers preach so indistinctly upon it. collectively as a continuous flash of red colour. ever possessing it. Regeneration is the change in the natural state of If two trains with this speed passed each other, "This change that I have spoken of, is effected man, the radical alteration of this character, the the relative velocity would be 70 yards per secby receiving Christ, and believing in him, with a slaying of the enmity of the heart, (for the car- ond; and if one of the trains were 70 yards long, cordial, but humbling and self-denying faith. In nal mind is enmity against God') the bowing and it would flash by in a single second. Supposing proportion as we cherish inadequate ideas of our renewing of the will. Rest in nothing short of the locomotive which draws such a train to have helpless, guilty, and lost and undone state by na- regeneration, my dear child; for unless you are driving-wheels seven feet in diameter, these wheels ture; flattering ideas of there being some remains born again, you cannot see the kingdom of God. will revolve five times in a second; the piston of good in us, surviving the apostacy, upon which This change does not produce any new powers moves along the cylinder ten times in a second; we may raise ourselves to a moral and spiritual in the heart, but it changes the direction of the the valve moves and the steam escapes ten times change, we shall be indifferent to the Saviour, we powers, the will, and the affections. It is the be- in a second; but as there are two cylinders which shall have low thoughts of his character and of ginning of a new life, with new principles, new act alternately, there are really twenty puffs or his undertaking, and compass ourselves about views, and new objects of delight and aversion. escapes of steam in a second. with sparks of our own kindling, till we receive Without this change no one can see the kingdom "The locomotive can be heard to 'cough' when this at the hand of the Lord, that we lie down of God. Make the tree good, and the fruit will moving slowly, the cough being occasioned by in sorrow.' I wish I had not so much reason to be good, but as long as the tree is corrupt, the the abrupt emission of waste steam up the chimfear that some of my children are not partakers fruit will be corrupt.... We must not only have ney; but 20 coughs per second cannot be sepa rated by the ear, their individuality becoming Throughout all their subdivisions, their acknow- Society's books for the young, in Spanish, such lost. Such a locomotive speed is equal to nearly ledged universal beauty is the appearance of their as Theophilus and Sophia, would be admired and one-fourth that of a cannon-ball; and the momen- teeth, which are large, regular, well-formed, and very extensively used in the schools of New Gratum of a whole train moving at such a speed, of pearly whiteness. Their lips protrude, although nada; and we learn that there are in the country would be nearly equivalent to the aggregate force not so much as those of the Negro or Hottentot, no less than 750 public schools. It would be an of a number of cannon-bails equal to one-fourth who in no respect bear personal comparison with admirable charity to present many thousands of the weight of the train. That a 'smash' should them.-Caffraria and its Inhabitants. follow a collision' is no subject for marvel, if a train moving at such speed, should meet with any obstacle to progress." The Caffres of South Africa. the beautiful Tract Primer, in Spanish, to these schools; the price of which is ten cents. We beawakened in our country for New Granada and lieve there is soon to be a very deep interest South America.-Am. Mess. The Grass of the Oven.-In crossing Lebanon, we stopped one day for refreshment, near a rivulet flowing towards the East. As I was sitting there, I observed a peasant of the country digging Antiquarian Discovery.-M. B. Larsky, the In personal appearance and formation, these up with a sort of pick-axe, the clumps of shrubs Russian engineer, lately deceased, who had also Caffres are a race of the most manly and hand- and coarse grass, which grow in the thin soil acquired a reputation as a poet and an archæolsome people known among savages, and in many spread over the rocks. He was collecting them ogist, made a discovery of the greatest importof their points resemble the New Zealanders. In to carry home, in order to burn them as fuel. I ance in White Russia-a discovery brought to had seen heaps of the same material piled up light when his papers were examined after his stature they are generally tall, their height vary. ing from five feet eight or nine inches to upwards near the limekilns in the vicinity of Urtas; and I decease. Being occupied in making a road in of six feet. Their muscular frame is remarkable frequently saw troops of donkeys returning from that province, he found it necessary to drain off the fields loaded with bundles of such fuel. The the waters of a lake into another lake at a lower for symmetry and beauty, as well as great strength: but their arms, from want of proper the people are obliged to resort to the use of alscarcity of wood in the East is very great, and level, and in the course of the operation, he disexercise to develop the muscles, (owing probably covered, in a forest, several feet below the surface to their usual indolent mode of life,) appear small most everything that is capable of being burnt, in of the soil, a road paved in the antique Roman or and disproportioned in size to the legs and body. houses in winter, and of preparing their daily food. peculiar construction. In M. Larsky's opinion, order to procure the means of warming their Mexican style, with traces of a stone bridge of In all of them, the lower limbs are strikingly robust and fine, and cases of deformity are very shrubs and larger kinds of grass, but gather the before the face of the country could have been They not only cut down for this purpose the two or three thousand years must have elapsed rarely to be noticed among them. Their carriage common withered grass itself, and the wild flow- transformed to such an extent as he observed; is stately and upright-in many, even majestic ; and this is particularly observable in their chiefs, ers of which the fields display so rich a profu- and if this supposition be well founded, this diswhose habitual attitudes of ease, and abrupt, yet derives the beautiful illustration which he employs Scythians, by a more civilized nation. M. Larsky's sion. It is from this source that the Saviour trict must have been inhabited before the time of the graceful actions, in giving their commands, are for the purpose of repressing an undue solicitude discovery will, doubtless, not pass unnoticed, and truly elegant and imposing. They are haughty and proud in their bearing, and carry the head on the part of his followers respecting the wants erect and thrown back. The left arm is usually field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do of the present life: "Consider the lilies of the may lead to important results. laid across the chest, to support the blanket or Substitute for Gutta Percha.-Dr. Riddell, of kaross, which, carelessly slung over the left they spin. And yet I say unto you that even India, in making experiments on the Muddar shoulder, is their only covering, or article of cloth-Solomon in all his glory, was not arrayed like plant of India, (Asclepia gigantea) found that its ing. This, when moving quickly, they gather milky juice, when dried, became tough and hard closer around them; and, then throwing the sec-grass of the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow like Gutta Percha, and precisely analogous to it. is cast into the oven, shall He not much more It is charred by sulphuric acid, converted into a ond corner of it over the right shoulder, they leave it to hang in negligent folds across their clothe you, O ye of little faith?" Matt. vi. 28 yellow resinous substance by nitric acid, and but fine expansive chests, reminding the beholder 30.-Christian Review. much of the Roman toga of old. Their shoulders one of these. Wherefore, if God so clothe the little, or not at all, acted on by muriatic or acetic acid or alcohol. Spirits of turpentine dissolves it are square and firmly set, and, like the chest, Progress of Freedom in New Granada-The into a viscid glue, which, when taken between the very broad. Their heads are large, but not dis- Executive of this interesting country, to which we thumb and finger, pressed together and then sepaproportioned to their bodies; the forehead being are brought into such intimate proximity at Pan- rated, shows numberless minute threads, all which elevated and intellectually formed, and, in many ama, and which has already expelled the Jesuits, results exactly correspond with those of Gutta. cases very high, and finely developed in a phre- has now submitted to Congress the project of a Percha. In hot water it becomes plastic, and has nological point of view. Their hair is woolly, law for the complete separation of Church and been moulded into cups and vessels. It will also although not so thick and matted as in either the State. In referring to our country, the official unite with the true Gutta Percha. The Muddar Negro or Hottentot races, from whom the Caffres document says, "In the United States of America also produces an excellent fibre, useful in the widely differ in all points of personal appearance. the toleration of worship and religious independ- place of hemp and flax. An acre of land cultiTheir ears are large, but well made, and seem ence are absolute. The government recognizes vated with it would produce a large quantity of generally to have become elongated by the weight no educational society or class; it sees only citi- both fibre and juice. The poorest land suffices of their pendant ear-rings and ornaments. Their zens and foreigners, but no priests. In that for its growth. A nearly similar substance is features, although much varied, are fine-parti- country of liberty and progress, which opens its procurable from the juice of the Euphorbia Tirucularly the eyes, which are keen and piercing; doors to all the nations of the world, only about a calli, only when it hardens after boiling, it be and, although always unsteady, wandering, and twentieth part of the clergy are Roman Catholics, comes brittle. The subject is most important, as stealthy, yet from their large size and great the rest belonging to other religious sects. Volun- the demand for Gutta Percha is so certain quickly brightness, and from their being well set under tary contributions, if they do not enrich the min- to exceed the supply of it that can be procured. their broad, deep brows, the idea of cunning and isters of worship, give them sufficient for a comdeceit, which, undoubtedly is their national cha- fortable support. The people are religious withracter, and has usually to be found out by some out being fanatical, and the clergy present an dear-bought experience, does not at first sight im- edifying example of virtue. There, the priests press a stranger. The common colour of the have no power over the property of the citizens; eye is black or dark brown, somewhat in harmo- nor does religion suffer because there are no ny with that of their skins, which are, however, compulsory contributions for its support. Let us darker in some tribes than in others, especially not doubt that we shall obtain the same results by During the summer session of this Institution in the Amampondo and more northerly ones. adopting the same system. Let us abandon those which closed on the 6th instant, the health of the The nose also varies in form-in the T'Slambie chimerical fears which, to so great a degree, re-scholars was so generally good, that out of two tribes being broader and more of the negro shape, tard the progress of good principles and the pros- hundred, it was frequently the case that not one was than in the Gaikas or Galekas, while among the perity of the republic." absent from the meeting for worship. It was sel Abatembu and Amamyondo, it assumes more of A traveller in New Granada reports that he dom necessary to call upon the physician, and he the European character. In many of them the recently visited a girls' school in the interior. The has expressed the opinion that more sickness often perfect Grecian and Roman noses are discernible. little girls were in clean dresses, neat and orderly prevails in some private families than has visited These latter tribes appear, in all other respects, to as could be desired, and all learning to read, but this large school in the past session. It is cause retain their original nationality of appearance. without any suitable books. He thinks the Tract of gratitude to the Preserver of men thus to be THE FRIEND. TENTH MONTH 15, 1853. WEST-TOWN SCHOOL. ITEMS OF NEWS. By the Arabia steamship, from Liverpool, we have spared the anxiety and affliction which are occa- lively interest which Friends continue to show in and we shall rejoice if the strong arm of the law sioned by severe illness and death. this important and valuable institution, may be is employed to hold them in check, if it be but Some of the oldest and most experienced mem- considered as a guaranty, that the means for mak- one day in the week. bers of the committee expressed much satisfaction ing this necessary improvement will not be withwith the conduct and the proficiency of the pupils held. We would suggest for consideration, wheas exhibited during the recent examination. As ther it might not be well at an early day to open is generally the case in the summer session, a voluntary subscriptions for this object. The sum large proportion of the children were small, and required is so moderate, and the object to be atof course had not advanced so far in their studies tained so useful, that we think it would be likely as those of riper years, and who had been longer to meet with general favour and liberal support. at school; but in both the boys and girls' departments, the improvement of the pupils and their familiarity with the principles of the different sciences in which they were examined, showed the care of their teachers to ground them thoroughly in their studies. During a recent session of the Supreme Court Commonwealth vs. Henry Omit) came before it of Pennsylvania, held at Pittsburg, a case (The on certiorari to Justice Kline, of Harrisburg; involving the question of legality, in selling liquor by an innkeeper on the first day of the week. in England, has created much alarm. in good demand at advanced prices, and active inquiry SPAIN. The ministry has been displaced, and a new SOUTH AMERICA.-Political outbreaks are contin ually occurring in Bolivia. At Chinchas, the guano island, serious difficulties have arisen between the officers of a Peruvian man-of-war, and the captains of American vessels there. One American captain was badly wounded. UNITED STATES.-New York. A great fire has occurred at Buffalo; about one hundred buildings consumed. A heavy gale prevailed on the 4th and 5th insts. on Lakes Erie and Michigan, doing much damage to the shipping. In an institution where there is so large a num. ber of children, differing in their natural dispositions, and in the habits produced by their domestic "From the return of the Justice it appears, that on training, some difficulties in carrying out a uni- the complaint made before him, on the 13th day of June, 1853, he issued his warrant against the defendant form system of government must be expected returnable forth with-that the same day, the defendant occasionally to arise. These however are always appearing, a hearing was had-and on proof being found to yield to a judicious and prudent course made that on Sunday, the 12th day of June, 1853, the of treatment. The duties of the teachers not only said Henry Omit did sell from his bar one glass of spiembrace instruction in the various branches of rituous liquor to a person named Samuel J. Wright, a learning, but a proper system of discipline, firm sojourner, temporary dweller, or traveller,' the Justice proceeded to convict him of having done and performbut gentle and persuasive, by which the untoward ed worldly employment or business on the Lord's day, will is curbed, the passions restrained, and the commonly called Sunday, contrary to the Act of Genejudgment is formed and regulated. Where chil-ral Assembly of Pennsylvania, passed April 22d, 1794,' the United States. Deaths in Philadelphia last week, and thereupon adjudged him to pay a fine of four dol-165. During the last year more than fifty thousand children were educated at the public day schools, and nearly eight thousand at the night schools. Louisiana.-New Orleans. The fever still continues lars and the costs." Pennsylvania.-Philadelphia. Of 770 persons admit ted into the Moyamensing House of Industry during the last fiscal year, 428 were natives of Ireland, 46 of England, 28 of Scotland, 16 of Germany, a few of other places named, 33 unknown, leaving but 212 natives of in a mitigated form, 42 deaths by it last week. It has not abated on the Mississippi river. California.-Large amount of gold-dust shipped for New York. Indian outbreaks have been quelled. Mining interests prosperous. RECEIPTS. dren are calmly reasoned with, their imperfect or erroneous views informed and corrected, and by a kind, open and confiding demeanor, their affec The decision of the justice was based on the tions enlisted on the side of order and obedi- provisions of an Act passed in 1794, entitled, "An ence to necessary regulations, the right authority Act for the prevention of vice and immorality, of the teacher is as easily maintained as it is little and of unlawful gaming, and to restrain disorderfelt. This is a most interesting and useful por- ly sports and dissipation," the first section of tion of the duties of a preceptor, and nothing so which, prohibits any person from performing any effectually prepares for the right discharge of it as worldly employment or business whatever on the the influence of religion on the mind, impressing first day of the week, works of charity and ne- Received from John Sheppard, Benj. Sheppard, and it with a sense of its own frailty, and by its regu- cessity only excepted, or engaging in any pastime Margaret Miller, G., N. J., $2 each, vol. 26; from W. B. lating and preserving power, giving it the mastery or diversion, &c.; and providing that nothing V. Meader, $2, vol. 27; from Geo. Gilbert, Amos Cope, Oliver, agent, Mass., for James Oliver, $2, vol. 26, and over itself. Those who, through submission to contained therein should be construed to prohibit Mercy Cope, and Melissa Cope, Pa., $2 each, vol. 27; the yoke and cross of Christ, have been made con- the dressing of victuals in private families, or from S. Chadbourne, Canada West, $2; from Jesse querors over their own infirmities and evil pro- public houses for travellers, to prevent travelling, Hall, agent, O., $1, and for David Binns, Jr., $4, vols. pensities, are prepared to feel for the wayward- or the selling of milk or the necessaries of life 26 and 27. ness and templations which assail the youth; and within certain hours. from the love they feel for the souls of those placed in their charge as well as for the blessed religion, which has done so much for them, will seek in this love to do all they can toward aiding them to overcome their corrupt inclinations and passions, and the reward of such will be sure; far beyond any pecuniary compensation. In consequence of the number of applicants for admission, exceeding the capacity of the accommodations, the superintendent and treasurer, we are informed, have been obliged to postpone the reception of some of the later applicants. The defendant rested his case on two propositions. 1st. "That the sale of the liquor to Wright| was not an offence against the act, because it came within the proviso." 2d. "That the Act is not applicable to persons licensed to keep an Inn or Tavern under the Act of 11th of Third month, 1834, and its supple. ments. The defendant waived taking advantage of any other defect in the proceedings, and desired a decision upon the main question in the cause. The numerous improvements which have of After an elaborate review and exposition of late years been made, contributing largely to the the law applicable to the case, the Court decided comfort, health and convenience of the family, unanimously, "that licensed innkeepers have the have before been alluded to in our notices of this right to sell liquor six days in the week, but that interesting seminary. Others are in contempla- it is worldly employment or business within the tion which will probably be effected as the means prohibition of the Act of 1794, not a work of to accomplish them are obtained. One of the charity or necessity, nor falling within the promost pressing and desirable of these is the intro- viso of the Act, and therefore not lawful to be duction of gas for the safe and effectual lighting done on the first day of the week." of the house, especially the class rooms in which The judgment of the lower court was the children pursue their studies. The use of firmed. the con Harrisville, Harrison county, Ohio, in place of Nathan P. Hall. DIED, on the 5th ult., at the residence of David Ro berts, near Moorestown, N. J., HOPE BASSETT, a member of Chester Monthly Meeting, in the 70th year of her age. after a short illness, on the 19th of last month, in the 76th year of her age, REBECCA, wife of Joseph Evens, a member and elder of Upper Evesham Monthly this dear Friend, strongly attached to her a large circle Meeting, N. J. The quiet, consistent, blameless life of of friends, who sensibly feel the void occasioned by her removal; they are consoled however, with the belief, that her lamp was replenished with oil, and a preparation mercifully granted her to enter in with the Bridegroom. on the 26th of Ninth month last, in the 39th year of his age, MAHLON L. LOVETT, a valued member of Falls Monthly Meeting of Friends, Bucks county, Pa. him, he was concerned to be watchful and circumspect Having a gift of the Gospel of Christ dispensed to in life and conversation, that he might adorn the doctrine he preached to others. Although we deeply feel that his family and the church have sustained a loss by this dispensation of unerring Wisdom, we have the consolation to believe, that through submission to the baptism of the Holy Ghost and fire, through unfeigned repentance towards God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ, and by watchfulness unto prayer, his spirit was sanctified and prepared to be gathered with the just of of God, and the song of the Lamb, which none can sing all generations, to sing the song of Moses the servant but those who are redeemed from the earth. candles and lamps not only incurs greater risk of This is a most important and satisfactory decifire, but it is difficult to procure from them an sion, from which there can be no appeal, and if adequate supply of clear light to prevent injury to carried out effectually, will do much to prevent eyes from long continued application. From the drunken brawls, the crime and degradation, estimates made, it is probable that a sum not which in many parts of this city, and the country much exceeding three thousand dollars, would be also, are so conspicuous on the first day of the sufficient to furnish the necessary apparatus for week. Intemperance is obviously on the increase preparing the gas, and the pipes and burners for amongst us, and tippling-houses have multiplied distributing it through the house. We hope the alarmingly within the last two or three years, No. 3 Ranstead Place, Fourth above Chesnut street. PRINTED BY KITE & WALTON, A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL. VOL. XXVII. PUBLISHED WEEKLY. Price two dollars per annum, payable in advance. AT NO. 50 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS, Postage to any part of Pennsylvania, for three months, if paid in advance, three and a quarter cents; to any part of the United States, for three months, if paid in advance, six and a-half cents. JOHN KNOX. For The Friend." (Continued from page 34.) SEVENTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH 22, 1853. NO. 6. which was ultimately taken, the lords violated content themselves with less than they desired; promises which they made to her before her sur- possibly they had been over sanguine from the render; but there is no reason for thinking so. first, and had persuaded themselves that more The condition of a more lenient treatment was a fruit might be gathered out of man's nature, than definite engagement to abandon her husband; man's nature had been found capable of yielding; and, so far from consenting to abandon him, she but it seemned as if the queen had flung a spell declared to the last that she would follow him over the country from which, even after she was in a linen kirtle round the world.' But if the im-gone, it could not recover. Her name, as long prisonment at Lochleven appears to some amiable as she was alive, was a rallying cry for disaffec. persons so inhuman and so barbarous, there was tion, and those who were proof against temptaa party who regarded that measure as culpable tion from her, took little pains to resist temptation leniency. Knox, with the ministers of the kirk, de- from their own selfishness. The Earl of Morton, manded that she should be brought to an open trial, one of the most conspicuous professors of Protestand that, if she were found guilty of her husband's antism, disgraced it with his profligacy; and many murder, she should be punished as any private more disgraced it by their avarice. The abbey person would be who committed the same crime. lands were too little for their large digestions, "So however, matters went on growing worse We have found hitherto that when there was a The office of bishops had been abolished in the and worse, till the Darnley marriage, the culmi- difference of opinion between him and the other church, but the maintenance of them, as an instinating point of Mary's career. Hitherto, as if statesmen, the event appeared to show that he, tution, was convenient for personal purposes; the by enchantment, she had succeeded in everything and not they, had been right;—right in the plain, noble lords nominating some friend or kinsman to which she had attempted. The north of Eng. common-sense, human view; and the same the sees as they fell vacant, who, without duties land was all at her devotion; with her own sub- continues to hold on the present occasion. and without ordination, received the revenues and jects her will had become all but omnipotent. "We are most of us agreed that the enormity paid them over to their patrons, accepting such The kirk party among the commons were firm of crimes increases in the ratio of the rank of the salary in return as was considered sufficient for among themselves; but the statesmen and the offender; that when persons, whom the common- their discreditable service. noblemen had deserted their cause, and they were wealth has intrusted with station and power, "Yet, if there was shadow there was more now preparing to endure a persecution which commit murder and adultery, their guilt is as sunshine, and quite enough to make Knox's heart they would be unable to resist. The Earl of much greater in itself, as the injury to society is glad at last. The Earl of Murray was invited by Murray, whose eyes at last were opened, knowing greater from the effects of their example. But to the estates to undertake the regency; and this that Darnley had been chosen by his sister as a acknowledge this in words, and yet to say that, itself is a proof that they were sound at heart, prelude to an invasion of England, had opposed when sovereigns are the offenders, sovereigns for without doubt he was the best and the ablest the marriage with all his power; and well it must be left to God, and may not be punished by man among them. The illegitimate son of James the would have been for her if she had listened to man, is equivalent to claiming for them exemp. Fifth, whatever virtue was left in the Stuart blood, him. But Murray utterly failed. He called on tion from punishment altogether, and, in fact, to had been given to him to compensate for his share his old party to support him, but it was all gone denying the divine government of the world. in it, and while he was very young he had drawn -broken in pieces by his own weakness, and by God does not work miracles to punish sinners; the attention of the French and English courts, as others' faults; and he had to fly for his life over he punishes the sins of men by the hands of men. a person of note and promise. the borders. It is the law of the earth, as the whole human "After remaining loyal as long as loyalty was "The Darnley marriage, however, which ap- history from the beginning of time witnesses. possible to the queen-mother, he attached himself, peared so full of promise, was the one irretrievable Not the sovereign prince or princes, but the law as we saw, to John Knox, and became the most step which ruined everything, and we can easily of Almighty God is supreme in this world; and powerful leader of the Reformation. Bribes and understand how it came to be so. Mary married wherever God gives the power to execute it, we threats were made use of to detach him from it, for a political object, but she had overcalculated may be sure that it is His will that those who but equally without effect; even a cardinal's her powers of endurance, and though she must hold the power are to use it. If there is to be red hat was offered him by Catherine if he would have known Darnley to be a fool, she had not mercy anywhere for offenders, if any human be- sell his soul for it. But for such a distinction counted on his being an unmanageable one. If ings at all are to be exempted from penalties, the he had as little ambition as Knox himself could he would have been passive in her hands-if he exceptions are to be looked for at the other ex- have had, and his only mistake arose from a could have had the discretion not to see her vices, treme of the scale, among the poor and the igno- cause for which we can scarcely blame his unand would have been contented with so much rant, who have never had means of knowing favour as she was pleased to show him-all would better." have gone well; but he was foolish enough to resent and revenge his disgrace, and then to implore her to forgive him for having revenged it; and although her anger might have spared him, her contempt could not. 66 derstanding, while it showed the nobleness of his heart; he believed too well, and he hoped too Vengeance fell, at last, on all who were con- much of his father's daughter, and his affection. cerned in that accursed business. Bothwell died for her made him blind. For her he quarrelled mad in a foreign prison; the Archbishop of St. with his best friends; he defended her mass, and Andrews was hanged; Maitland escaped the exe was for years her truest and most faithful servant; There is no occasion for us cutioner by poison; and Mary herself was still and she rewarded his affection with hatred, and to enter again upon that story. It is enough that, more sternly punished, by being allowed to go his fidelity with plots for his murder. Whatever having brought her cause to the very crisis of on, heaping crime on crime, till she, too, ended uprightness was seen in the first years of her adsuccess by a skill and perseverance without par- on the scaffold. But instead of accusing Knox of ministration was his work, for which she little allel in history, she flung it away with as unex- ferocity and hardness of heart, we will rather say thanked him; and the Scotch people, even while ampled a recklessness, and, instead of being the that he only, and those who felt with him and they deplored the position in which he had placed successful champion of her faith, she became its followed him, understood what was required alike himself, yet could not refuse him their love for it. dishonour and its shame. by the majesty of justice and the real interests of When he saw at last the course to which she had "At the time of the murder, and during the the world. surrendered herself, he withdrew in shame from months which followed it, Knox was in England; "The worst, however, was now over: the cause the court; he had no share in her deposition; he he returned, however, immediately on the flight of the Catholics was disgraced beyond recovery: left Scotland after the murder, only returning to of Bothwell, and was one of the council which sat the queen was dethroned and powerless; and the it when he was invited to take upon himself the to determine what should be done with the queen. reformers were once more able to go forward regency and the guardianship of his nephew; and It has been repeatedly stated that, in the course with their work. Even so, they were obliged to he came back saddened into a truer knowledge of mankind, and a determination to do his duty, bly of the kirk, to brave the storm, and again to arise to bless us, and we shall know the language cost him what it would. He could be no stran- conquer in it. He had been required to pray for of the psalmist fulfilled: "The time to favour ger to what the world would say of him. He knew the queen. Zion, the set time is come, for her servants take that those who had tried already to murder him, "I pray not for her as queen,' he said, ' for pleasure in her stones, and favour the dust there. would make their plots surer, and their daggers queen to me she is not; and I am not a man of of." Oh! then may we be willing to be given up sharper now-but he dared it all, and the happiest law that has my tongue to sell for silver or the as unto death, for the cause of Christ; may we three years that Scotland had known were those favour of the world. And for what I have spoke esteem all reproach as good for us, and count of his government. The thieves of the Border against the adultery and the murder, when I am nothing too hard to bear for his sake. Show the were held down; the barons were awed or coerced taught by God's word that the reproof of sin is an same devotedness as was shown of old, even by into respect for property and life, and the memory evil thing, I shall do as God's word commands Esther, who when about to undertake for the de of these golden years lived long in the admiring me. But unto that time, which will not be till liverance of her people, said, "I will go, and if I regret of less favoured times." the morn after doomsday, and not then, I hold perish, I perish." But let none turn away; let "It is not a little touching to find that Knox, when the country was at last in the right hands, thought now of leaving it, and of going back to end his days in peace at Geneva. He had fought the fight, he had finished the work which was given to him to do; it was imperfect, but with the given materials, more could not be done; and as it had been by no choosing of his own that so great a part had fallen to him, so now when it seemed played out, and his presence no longer necessary, he would gladly surrender a position in itself so little welcome to him. 66 : the sentence given by God to his prophets Jeremy (Conclusion next week.) For "The Friend." A Few Words of Christian Counsel to the Elect none say there is no hope, the enemy is too Canada West, Tenth month, 1853. S. C. For The Friend." EFFECTS OF LIGHT. Dear and tender Friends,-My spirit tenderly salutes you in the love of the Gospel, with living desires that you may be preserved in this day of "God comfort that little flock,' he wrote, about trial; and with concern for the honour and pros- We have often had occasion to remark the perthis time, among whom I lived with quietness of perity of Truth. May none faint in the day of tinacity with which many of the notable housewives conscience, and contentment of heart; and amongst adversity, although their strength may be small. in this city, exclude the light of the sun from their whom I would be content to end my days, if so Look not at the strength of the enemy, and in all dwellings. If you enter them at noonday, espe it might stand with God's good pleasure. For your meetings, and at all times, wait upon cially in warm weather, you are obliged to grope seeing it hath pleased His Majesty above all men's Christ Jesus the Lord, who by his light, will give your way, almost as carefully as if you were expectation to prosper the work, for the perform you to see through all wrong spirits, that are threading some subterranean passage, and with ing whereof I left that company, I would even got up in this day. Although the enemy vaunt the present fashion of having the furniture strewn as gladly return to them, as ever I was glad to be himself with "great swelling words," yet heed all over the parlour, you run no little risk of delivered from the rage of mine enemies.' him not; mind the "Light," for that is over him; stumbling over a chair or a table, and perhaps Surely we should put away our notion of the but take care that he draws you not away from breaking a leg or an arm. Remonstrance against ferocious fanatic with the utmost speed. The that, from Christ: wait in the patience, for the this absurd practice, is met with the plea of dam. heart of Knox was full of loving and tender affec- faith which gives the victory over all false and age to the colour of the carpet, from the admis. tions. He could not, as he said himself, bear contrary spirits, for they are all bounded by him, sion of light, the reflection apparently never octo see his own bairns greet when his hand chas- and his power is the same now as formerly; curring, that if the direct rays of the sun produce tised them.' "Hitherto shalt thou come and no farther, and so sensible an effect upon inorganic matter, their "If he had then gone back to Geneva, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed." But oh! influence on the physical system must probably heard no more of Scotland; or if he had died at flee not. Thou canst not flee from the enemy, be equally active for good or evil. We do not the time at which he thought of going, he might only as thou comes to the Light, and waits and think it needful for healthfulness to admit a full have passed away, like Simeon, with a Nunc abides there; for there Satan dares not come. flood of light into our rooms during the whole day, dimittis Domine, believing that the salvation of Our warfare is not carnal, but with the powers of but we have long been convinced that the gloomy his country was really come. So, however, it darkness and spiritual wickedness in high places. semi-darkness in which many of our over-nice was not to be. Four more years were still before But first, dear Friends, let us experience and citizens have their homes involved, contributes him years of fresh sorrows, crimes, and calami. know the conquest of the enemy in ourselves. not a little to the necessity for employing a phy. ties. His place, to the last, was in the battle, and Are we delivered from all captivity? Are we sician; and it is quite possible that the sickly, he was to die upon the field; and if rest was in brought out of Babylonish captivity, into the glo- etiolated aspect of many young females who store for him, he was to find it elsewhere, and rious freedom of the sons and daughters of Zion? spend most of their time at home, arises from their not in the thing which we call life.... The why Is every thought brought in subjection to Christ? being rarely brought under the influence of the and the how is all mystery. Our business is with For this we must know before we can labour to bright beams of the sun. The exclusion of light the fact as we find it, which wise men accept rebuild the walls of Jerusalem, even as under the predisposes the system to scrofulous affections, nobly, and do not quarrel with it.” Jewish dispensation, the true Israel wept and and is sure to blanch the skin and deteriorate the "In 1570, he was struck with paralysis; he cried in Babylon; they longed, they prayed, they blood. recovered partially, and lived for two more years, fasted for their deliverance, and in due time the Dr. Moore, the celebrated metaphysician, thus but they were years so deplorable that even his Lord delivered them, and their deliverance was speaks of light on body and mind:" A tadpole heart grew weary and sick within him, and he wonderful. If we are rightly concerned, the Lord confined in darkness would never become a frog; longed to be gone out of the world. As before, will in due time deliver us from all captivity, both and an infant deprived of heaven and free light, he was the one centre of life round which the inward and outward. Let us remember those will only grow into a shapeless idiot, instead of a ever-flagging energies of the Protestants rallied; Jews, their degradation, the power of their con- beautiful and reasonable being. Hence in the but by the necessity of the time, which could not querors, the desolation of Zion, the strength of Ba- deep, dark gorges and ravines of the Swiss Vabe resisted, the lead of the party fell to one or bylon, how their enemies scorned them—what will lois, where the direct sunshine never reaches, the other of the great noblemen who were small credit these feeble Jews do?-but He who suffered them hideous prevalence of idiocy startles the traveller. to it, and who were following worldly objects to go into captivity for their sins, for their departure It is a strange, melancholy idiocy. Many citiunder a mask of sanctity. The first regent who from him, had now been entreated, and was set zens are incapable of any articulate speech; some succeeded Murray was Darnley's father, the Earl to deliver them. He who has the hearts of all are deaf, some labour under all these privations, of Lenox; then he too was murdered, and the men in his hands, and can turn them as the rivers and all are misshapen in almost every part of the Earl of Morton, with their tulchan bishops; the are turned, the Lord God Almighty was set to body. I believe there is, in all places, a marked country tearing itself in pieces, and they unwill- deliver them, and no power could hinder it; they difference in the healthiness of houses, according ing to commit themselves to peremptory action, were redeemed, and the Lord only had the praise. to their aspect with the sun, and those are decidlest Elizabeth (as they expected that she would) Say no more, strangers have devoured our herit- edly the healthiest, other things being equal, in should restore Mary, and if they had gone too far age, the foxes walk upon Zion; but let us rather which all the rooms are, during some part of the in opposition to her they might find it impossible say, we have sinned against the Lord, and he has day, fully exposed to direct light. Epidemics to obtain their pardon. Once more, in this dis- brought this evil upon us. Let us entreat the attack inhabitants on the shady side of the tracted time, Knox stood out alone, broken with Lord that he may have mercy upon us; and as street, and totally exempt those on the other age and sickness, and deserted even by the assem- we are sufficiently bowed before him, he will side; and even in such epidemics as ague, the |