attention of his will, and to adapt to his purpose all the gifts of nature. What animals effect by natural instinct man effects by invention and by combined power; and by this power it is that they are found to congregate in Old England this year, for the purpose of exhibiting their skill, taste, ingenuity, and their industry in the manufacture of the arts, and the various methods of industry which add to the comforts of all.

Let my young readers never forget, that all men are brothers, that God has made of one blood all nations

of the earth. Climate may vary them. Religion may make them sometimes appear different to each other; but they are still the same. And whether they are of white skins or black skins; or whether they be Christians, Mahommedans, or infidels, yet, still on them nature asserts her rights from time to time, and men are still the same in all ages and in all climes. God is their universal Father, in Him they live, and move, and have their being. The earth in truth is but one large family, and the time is coming when all mankind will be brought together into one fold by one shepherd.

When we look abroad upon this large family, in every part of the world, we find men in every stage of improvement. In England, France, Italy, Holland, Germany, and other European nations, in

India, China, and some other Asiatic nations, man seems to have approached the summit of his powers. But in Africa, the wild parts of America, Siberia, and the various Islands of the South Sea, the inhabitants are still in a state bordering on barbarism, and like those found in our own country by the Romans two thousand years ago.

Considering man as we now find him scattered over the earth, the Laplanders, the Esquimaux, the Samoides, the Greenlanders, the Nova-Zemblians, and the Kamschatkdales, are all branches of the great family inhabiting the north frigid zone.

The origin of man is clearly set forth in the Sacred Volume. How varieties of the same original stock have occurred is not so easily

accounted for. We have in various parts of the world men beautifully fair, in others perfectly black, in some places they are of a tawny yellow, in others of a reddish tint, some are of a brownish olive, and some of a swarthy or dark red. These varieties in the different human families have occasioned philosophers to make what they term a classification. They have endeavoured to show that there are five distinct races, three of which are eminently distinct. The five races or varieties of the human species are assumed to be:-1. The white or Caucasian race. 2. The yellow or Mongolian. 3. The Negro or black. 4. The American or red race. 5. The Malay race. There does not appear, however, to be any distinctive difference but in the three first varieties, the white, the black, and the yellow races; the two other varieties hold middle places between the Caucasian and the two extremes; that is the American comes in between the Caucasian and the Mongolian, and the Malay between the Caucasian and Ethiopian.

The following description will serve to define these five varieties. The name of the first variety is derived from Mount Caucasus, because in its neighbourhood—and particularly towards the southwe meet with a very beautiful family of this race-the Georgians. The Caucasians are marked by a beautiful oval face having perfect symmetry, a high and expanded forehead, nose slightly aquiline, low cheek bones, front teeth of both jaws nearly perpendicular, lips gently turned out, fair skin with reddish cheeks, hair black or brown, more or less curled, and having eyes blue or grey; but above all, the intellectual powers and moral feelings of the race are most energetic, and susceptible of the highest development and culture. It is this race that has given birth to the most civilized people,

and to those who have generally ruled over others; and from it the inhabitants of ancient and modern Germany, and the nations descended from them are derived. The Belgians, French,

Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Swedes, English, the Romans and Greeks, both ancient and modern belong to this race. It includes also both the former as well as the present inhabitants of western Asia, such as the Turks, Arabians, Persians, Afghans, and Hindoos of high caste; also, most of the present inhabitants of North and South America.

The second, or Mongolian variety, is distinguished by a head of a square form, with small and low forehead, narrow and obliqne eyes, straight and black hair, thin beard and olive complexion. Its great seats are the empires of

China and Japan. It has been lately confirmed by historical investigations, that Lapland was originally peopled by this race, and we can trace a family of nations in one continuous chain from the river Yenesei to Lapland, and spreading in a direct line across the higher latitudes of European Russia, of which they hold a considerable portion.

This variety then includes the numerous tribes which occupy cen

tral and northern Asia, as the Moguls and Kalmucks, the Mantchoos, and other Tartars, Tungooses and Coreans, the Samoiedes, Magyars, Cossacks and Kamtschatkdales, the Chinese and Japanese, the inhabitants of Thibet and Bootan, those of Tonquin, Cochin China, Ava Pegu, and the tribes of Esquimaux, extending over the northern parts of America, from Behring's Strait to the extremity of Greenland. If we except some learned Chinese, the whole of the Mongolian race follows the different sects of Buddhism or the worship of Fo.