During these fifteen years many hundreds have become Christians, and have either died in the faith or are living as members of churches.

The whole Administration of Indian Affairs during this period has gained largely in honesty and intelligent direction towards the permanent welfare of the Indians.

The Christian Churches have been stirred as never before to make substantial missionary and educational efforts, and year before last they gave $250,000 to educational work among the Indians, besides the sums expended by them directly in missionary work.

The admirable training schools at Hampton, Carlisle, Forest, Grove, Genoa, Lawrence, Chilocco and Albuquerque, have grown up, and are effecting great changes both among the Indians themselves and in the public sentiment toward them. Moreover, a large number of citizens in various parts of the country have associated together to defend the rights of the Indians, to secure for them proper legislation on the subjects of eduction, law and lands, and to aid the Government in doing all that may be possible to merge the Indians in our population.

We reverently believe that under God these favorable results have chiefly grown out of the humane, wise and Christian plans for the civilization of the Indians adopted during thy administration, which have done much to remove the reproach from our country and churches of failure to achieve their moral and intellectual regeneration.

Hereafter, in the minds of the Indians and of our own nation, the names of William Penn and Ulysses S. Grant will ever be associated as representatives of a policy of peace and justice toward them.

With sympathy for all that is involved in thy declining health, we remain, with great respect, JAMES E. RHOADS, MURRAY SHIPLEY.

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, Seventh Month, 2d 1885.

SENATOR MILLER, OF CALIFORNIA.

In the death of Mr. Miller, a Senator from California, our cause, and especially that of an American Congress, has lost an invaluable and zealous supporter. As a soldier in our late war, he knew the evils of war and realized that through South- and Central-American peace would come closer commercial and political relations with this country. As Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate of the United States, he lent a willing ear to our propositions for American peace, and heartily favored the policy and proposition of the American Arbitration League for an American Congress. His indisposition, with the hope of his restoration, postponed for months all action of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on our bills for arbitration. The loss to our cause must be great of a Senator bold enough to give hospitable entertainment to the most progressive ideas of humanity and fraternity.

THE LATE VICE-PRESIDENT, THOMAS A. HENDRICKS.

The following is a copy of a letter sent to Mrs. Hendricks upon the death of her husband:

MRS. HENDRICKS:-While the people of this land sympathize and condole with you in your bereavement, the loss of your husband is especially felt by the friends of peace and arbitration throughout our country and the world. In this cause Mr. Hendricks felt the most profound interest. He proposed to urge upon our National Legislature the project of an American Congress of Nations in the interests of America and of a permanent peace-and in no party spirit and as no partisan measure. The sentiments he so often expressed in 'person to myself, he publicly avowed in his memorable address at the Democratic Convention of 1884 in Chicago, which came to us and the country as

his almost parting benediction. He then said: "Will nations rever desire a more rational umpire of differences than force? * Must blood and treasure always flow before international controversies can be settled? * * The civilization of this age demands that they be referred to the disinterested States for settlement by friendly arbitration. It will be a beautiful spectacle

if this republic, so strong and so secure, shall lead the nations in a movement for permanent peace, and for the relief of the people everywhere, from the maintenance of standing armies and ships of war. The best part of General Grant's administration was the settlement by arbitration of controversies touching the Alabama

With such views and with his avowed purpose of action on behalf of a congress of American nations, a movement for permanent peace," you perceive how dear was your husband to the religious and moral world, and more especially to the many and large associations fundamentally based upon the great principle of the divine founder of our holy religion, "Peace on earth," While not forge1ful of your profound sorrow, and praying for the consolation of that grace you and your husband sought at the holy altar, I present you the sympathizing sorrow of the many thousands who labor in the cause of oppressed humanity. I am, afflicted madam,

Yours sincerely.

R. MCMURDY, Corresponding Secretary of the National Arbitration League, and a Member of the Executive Committee of the Universal Peace Union.

THE WANT OF FUNDS

Has greatly retarded our work. I have neither time nor adaptability for the labors of a solicitor. Contributions are not asked, for salary of Secretary or Clerk, for traveling expenses, or for office; only for publications now ready for the press.

I have received during the last year, eight dollars from the American Peace Society, and five dollars from Vice-President Ramsay, of Tennessee, for publications.

Among the occasions of deep interest, I cite my visit to the
YEARLY (ORTHODOX) MEETING OF FRIENDS

At Richmond, Indiana, in October, 1885.†

* Force is the arbitrator of the brute. True progress has for its basis the recognition of the law that justice is the sole sure foundation of human relations.

†The following is the letter of invitation :

R. McMurdy, Washington, D. C.

NEW VIENNA, OHIO, August 24, 1885.

DEAR BROTHER:-During the session of the Indiana yearly meeting of Orthodox Friends, held at Richmond, Indiana, we devote one afternoon to the subject of peace, or providing other means than war for the settlement of international disputes. At our last meeting, R. W. Douglas, Murray Shipley and myself, were appointed to try to secure for our next meeting some able man to deliver an address on this great question. The meeting will occur on the afternoon of the Tenth Month, (October,) 5th. I have been requested to write thee, and inquire if thou couldst favor us with an address on that occasion; and if so, on what terms?

Awaiting thy reply, I am truly thy friend,

DANIEL HILL, Editor Messenger of Peace.

In my remarks I acknowledged the honor of addressing a society who dared "to hold God's word and witness true;" whose members had been defamed, maimed, banished and hung for their active, aggressive Gospel of Peace, so active as in a half century to publish 3,000 separate books and papers by 600 different authors; whose testimony bore fruit throughout Europe and America, in church organizations in which peace is fundamental, amounting to twentyfive per cent. of the population, and creating a Christian conscience that shall abolish war.* It was in no complimentary spirit that the Friends were commended but to encourage them to greater boldness, to less passivity in proclaiming neglected truth, and to a realization of their historic and present responsibility.

Religious organizations are ready to acknowledge

THEIR TARDINESS OF INTEREST IN THE CAUSE OF PEACE, and that they have yielded too much to international law to do the gospel's work as its own, that the alliance between the gospel and war is a torced alliance, that the commingling of cannon and blood with liturgies and sacraments is a mockery, and that the gentle beatitudes do not well serve as mottoes for defiant banners. We showed at the Richmond meeting that Friends' testimony is accordant with Scripture, and with all interpretation of Scripture for centuries, and with the testimony of

THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH

of the first four hundred years of the Christian era, of the chief popes, of the protestant reformers, of Wycliffe, of Erasmus, of Luther, of Calvin, and of five hundred eminent divines of the last two centuries. We showed that organized Christianity is respon.

*NOTE. There is sufficient power in American Christendom alone, if pacific, to destroy war in this generation. The preaching of a Peace Gospel by the 65,000 clergymen of the United Staies would create a revolution for peace.

The Rev. Dr. Green, at a late British Church Congress, said that it was a reflection upon the Churches of England and of the world that few but Quakers protested against war.

Rev. Dr. Cuyler remarked "That if the doctrines of the Society of Friends were universally known, accepted and adopted, it would bring about the

millenium."

At the late Church Congress at Cleveland, presided over by Governor Foraker, the speakers were of one mind in thinking that a growing distrust of the Church is encouraged by its failure to carry out the true principles of Christianity and to realize the brotherhood of man taught by Jesus, that all men are not brought together on an equality before God, that the rich and poor are separated by mission churches, and that war is as much apologized for as was slavery, and that the great hope, the one and only great hope of the workingman, is in real and genuine Christianity. When the world renders obedience to the doctrines of Jesus, and not until then, will the wrongs of society be righted, and the brotherhood of man established.

"Christianity of that kind," Mr. George had no hesitation in saying, "has in it the power to conquer the world again."

No true issue that deeply concerns the thoughts or the necessities of men can be ignored without losing the key to their minds and hearts.

Bishop Henry C. Potter, of New York, asks: "What, in principle, is war? It is the duel between nations, differing in no respect from the duel between two individuals, except that the successful combatant is allowed to

sible for international morality. We gave all honor to William Penn, who in advance of his time wrote and ruled for peace, under the wisest system of international politics (peace and good will), who for seventy years made Pennsylvania a Christian republic, and gave the pacific habit to our whole country. We gave the history. of the arbitration sentiment and policy, showing arbitration to be neither unreasonable nor impracticable, and that

PUBLIC OPINION IS QUEEN OF THE WORLD, more powerful than "the musketry of infantry, the charge of cavalry or the fire of artillery.*

NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA.

I acknowledged the honor of the appointment of the Board of carry off as spoil the effects of his vanquished antagonist. It is an adjournment of great questions of international right or courtesy from the bar of temperate discussion and peaceful arbitration before peers to the bar of chance or mere force. It is an appeal from the reason and conscience of the parties themselves, from large views of their true interests, and from the moral judgments of mankind to the exploded trial by combat of the middle ages. Alas! alas! that eighteen hundred years after the coming of the Prince of Peace this relic of barbarism should still be clung to by nations calling themselves Christians, and God grant the penalty which they are now suffering, and which has been treasuring itself up for ages, may deter us from ever following their dazzling but dangerous example."

*The London Annual Meeting of Friends thus appeals to the Christian world:

The wars and war establishments of Christian nations are among the greatest obstacles to the spread of the gospel among the heathen.

Missionaries present the text of the gospel of peace and good will; and soldiers from professedly Christian lands, give the comment and the illustration. The nations of India and China, who probably constitute half the population of the globe, are races peculiarly quick to detect such a contradiction, and to detect and resent the inconsistency. The churches of Christ-many of them so earnest in missionary effort-should lay this subject to heart, and altogether withdraw their sanction and influence from a system which upholds so much that is evil, and which so seriously obstructs the spread of the gospel.

We respect the difficulties which prevent some sincere Christians from arriving at our standpoint, especially in relation to the duties of magistrates and citizens.

But we are conscious of a specific difference between a civil and a military force. The former, rightly administered, is used, under strict legal restraint and within very definite limits, to preserve life and property. It is directed solely toward evil doers, and includes in its aims their reclamation and benefit. We deprecate the introduction of the military element into the police system, of which it forms no necessary part. The citizens themselves, leagued together in peaceble, civil contact, are the legitimate upholders of the good order of society; and, if there were no standing army, satisfactory permanent arrangements would certainly be adopted for this end.

We submit that, the deliverance of the world from the curse of war is to be effected mainly by the force of Christian principle. It is this that would make war impossible, by removing the causes, pretexts, and practices which perpetuate the system.

The Directors of the Exposition said in their circular to Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce:

The first, or opening day (November 10th), will be devoted to the cause

Managers of the Exposition and of the Universal Peace Union and of the American Arbitration League to represent them in the Address on Peace on opening day. The Universal Peace Union showed enterprise and zeal and donated $40 for my expenses. The address then continued:

The world's expositions are way-marks of the world's progress, evidences of the catholicity of humanity-the victories of peace. While they have not fulfilled the prediction of the late Prince Albert, the wise originator and persistent promoter of the first World's Exposition in London, and to whom its success was largely due, they contribute to the reign of universal peace, as they do to the diffusion of advanced ideas in science and art.

Striking is the evidence of the progress of peace principles in this great exposition, denominating its opening day, "American Peace Day," to which have been invited the President of the United of "Peace and Good Will," as an appropriate inauguration of the new departure. In order to give practical importance and value to this occasion, you are respectfully invited to send delegates to help organize a

PERMANENT AMERICAN COMMERCIAL PEACE UNION,"

As a standing protest against the increase of war de ɔts and war taxation. War debts are not "glittering generalities to be discussed solely by the student, political economist, or philanthropist. They are a monstrous burden. resting upon each individual citizen and tax-payer. If the subject of taxation is a proper one for the consideration of commercial organizations, surely

WAR DEBTS, WHICH ARE AMONG THE PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF SUCH TAXATION, Are worthy of your earnest attention and denunciation.

The transcendent importance of the subject can, perhaps, best be appreciated by reference to a few official facts and figures.

According to the United States Census for 1880, the debts of the principal nations were: 1848, $7,627,692,215; 1860, $10 399.341,688; actual increase, $2,771,649.473; 36 per cent. of increase; 1870, $17,117,640,428; actual increase, $6 718,298,740; 65 per cent. of increase; 1880, $23,286,414 753; actual increase, $6,168 774.325; 36 per cent. of increase.

If to this sum be added the debts of the nations which, from want of reliable data, have not been included, the aggregate of the world's national debts would to-day exceed $23,000,000,000. The average annual increase of these debts since 1848 has been $489,335.079; and if they go on augmenting at this rate until the close of the present century, they will have reached the enormous sum of $32.583,781,254. The details are: France, $3,8:9,982.399; Great Britain, $3,776 671,000; Russia, $3.318.953,000; Spain, $2.579.245.000; Italy, $2,540,313 000; United States, $2,120,415.371; Austria Hungary, $1,881,115,350; Turkey, $1,376;486,500; Portugal, $457 451 000; Australia, $442,851,500; Holland, $389,320 000; Canada, $175,194,000; Roumania, $118,742,600; Sweden and Norway, $97.330,000; Greece, $94.361,435; German Empire, $49.317 598; Denmark, $48,665,000; total, $23,286 414,753.

War has played a most conspicuous part in the creation of this debt. The American policy should be pre-eminently one of peace, particularly when the nations of this hemisphere are about to enter upon a new era of commercial intercourse with one another.

The Directors subsequently said:

The special feature of this day was a tribute to peace as a necessary preliminary step toward the inauguration of an American Hemispherical policy, based upon more intimate commercial, social, and political relations between the various nations of North, Central and South America.