Eight hundred and thirty thousand dollars of the Indian trust fund had been sent to the Confederacy.

Orders had been received from Washington at Pittsburg (December 25, 1861,) to send immediately from the Allegheny arsenal seventy-eight large cannon to Fort Newport, near Galveston, and forty-eight to Ship Island, near Biloxi, off the coast of Mississippi.

LINCOLN ON PEACE. (See p. 85.)

Mr. Lincoln in his inaugural showed his unwillingness to commence the war. One paragraph read:

"The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Government, and collect the duties and imports, but beyond what may be necessary for these objects, there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere.'

The conclusion of another paragraph thus: "And when, after much loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical questions as to terms of intercourse are again upon you."

Again : Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our present difficulties. In your hand, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you."

Mr. PLUMB, Senate, July 2, 1886: (See p. 51.)

"It will be found by observing the history of our army, that if there is any class of men who stick together, swear by each other, and are willing to certify that military science is confined to the men who are with them, and that there is no merit anywhere else, it is the regular army officer."

SENATOR MILLER, IN BEHALF OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, (See p. 66.)

Proposed to amend the Diplomatic bill by providing for an American Congress of Nations. He wrote to the Secretary of State, Mr. Frelinghuysen, who replied, March 26, 1884, that he had received "copies of two proposed amendments to the Consular and Diplomatic bill for an appropriation to defray the expenses of a Conference of Independent American Nations to promote commerce and general peace, and in which you inform me of the courtesy of the Committee in submitting the amendments for my consideration."

Mr. Frelinghuysen preferred giving "the President power to appoint a Commissïon to carefully consider what the best interests of North and South America and the Isthmus require; to send, if found advisable, delegates to confer with the governments of the other countries, and, after the Commission has made its report, empowering the President, if he sees proper, to

call the Convention.

1838, June 13,

MR. LEGARE, FROM THE COMMITTE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, (See p. 62.) Presented their report on the arbitrament of national disputes:

They agree that the union of all nations, in a state of peace under the restraints and the protection of law, is the ideal perfection of civil society. Far other agents of amelioration and progress are at work now (than war)-agents infinitely more powerful in their quiet and silent, but incessant operation, and whose efficiency would be greatly impaired by war, did they not tend to supersede and put an end to it. Every country is interested in the prosperity of every other. During the whole of the last century, and for a considerable period before the far greater part of the treasure and blood so prodigally lavished in almost incessant war, was a sacrifice, directly or indirectly, to fallacious views of commercial monopoly and colonial dominion. A single generation is not yet passed away since the downfall of Napoleon, and his military despotism begins already to strike the minds of men as a barbarous anomaly in such an age. Since the last French revolution, causes of controversy without number, sufficient to have produced desolating wars at any previous epoch, have arisen and passed away without occasioning one, except the disputed succession in Spain—an exception that

proves the rule. . . The committee will add that there is another view on which everything that tends to preserve the peace of nations will ere long, be universally regarded as peculiarly interesting to mankind; they allude to its effect in promoting the great cause of limited or constitutional government. War has ever been

THE MOST FRUITFUL SOURCE OF ARBITRARY POWER.

They are indeed, to a certain extent, inseparable. A military is, necessarily in effect. and spirit, a despotic, and must generally be a monarchial organization. Not only so, but the evil tends to propagate and to perpetuate itself. One great power arming for conquest compels all neighboring powers to arm for defense; and it is not a vain or fanciful saying, that laws are silent amidst the din of arms.

Peace is the hope of liberty-peace, consecrated as the standing,

FUNDAMENTAL POLICY OF THE WORLD.

*

Such a state of opinion or such a condition of things as will dispense with largearmies and military discipline, with a power, in effect dictatorial, in the Executive Department of governments, and with the ambition, the glory and the fatal popu. larity and influence of successful generals; such a perpetual and perfect intercourse, commercial and otherwise among men, as will mitigate extremely, if not extinguish all mutual jealousy and hostility between nations destined, under the blessed influ. ence of American civilization, to form but one great family, and will thus deprive politicians of the occasion of turning the wildest phrenzy and worst calamity of wankind, into a means of sactifying the abuses of government—will inevitably lead, in this age, to the general establishment of representative institutions. All the tendencies of commerce and industry are to social equality; peace will add to that equality rational liberty under a government of laws; and both will tend to perpetuate by a mutual reaction the causes that produced them.

They, the committee, recommend (Peacemen) to persevere in exerting whatever influence they may possess over public opinion to dispose it habitually to the accommodation of national differences without bloodshed."

INDEX.

AGGRESSION AND ANNEXATION, 144-148;

Wellington, 144; Gladstone, 144;
Bright, 145; Wars of, 145; French, 145;
Brisson, 145; Burmah, 190.
ARMIES OF NATIONS - DEBTS, 195-205;

Statesmanship no Device, 196; Euro-
pean Legislation, 195; Herr Deak, 195;
Count de Maistre, 195; Col. Hende-
bert on Future Wars, 196; Germany,
France, Russia, Austria, Italy, 196;
Cannon, 197; De Goltz, 197; Ships, !|
197; Foreign Navies, 197-198; Popula-
tions, Soldiers and Debts of the Na-
tions, 197-203.
ARMY BILL (SENATE),. 88-94; Nineteen
Votes for Increase, 88; New England,
88; Hale's Wise, Prompt Action, 88-
94; Testimony Logan, 88, 91: A Chris-
tian General, 88; Indians, 88; Cost of
a Soldier, 88; No Force, 90; Extrav-
agance, 91; Plumb, on, 90, 91; Platt
and Teller, on, 90-92; Dawes, Cocker-
ill and Van Wyck, 91-94; Danger to
Republic, 92; Against Precedent, 93.
ARMY, STANDING-(See Army, War and
Standing Army), 83-96, 188, 119; Cost
N. V. City, 53; Dix on Danger, 53, 54;
Engineers Expensive, 54; Hoge, on,
83; Cathcart, on, 83; Beek, on, 83, 89,
90; Logan, 88, 89; Hancock, 89; Plumb,
90, 91; Reagan, 94; Wheeler, 95, 96;
Cockerel, 92; Breckenridge, 94; Tel-
ler, 90; Declaration Ind., 96; George
III., 94; Revolutionary War, 94; Hist.
Congressional Action, 95, 96; Wash-
ington, Against, 96; Number and Cost
of, 96; Andrew Jackson, 99; Cass, 99;
Mangum, 99; Morse, 100; Fred. Stan-
ton, 100; Owens, 100; Dobbins, 100;
John Calhoun, 100; Barrow, 100; Joshua
R. Giddings, 100, 101; Herbert, 101;
Discipline, 101; Adjutant-Gen., 101;
Desertions, 101; Washington, 101;
Frederick Great, 101; Logan, 101;
Grant, 101; Wheeler, 101, Plumb, 101;
Courts-Martial, 101; Desertions, 101;
Criminals, 101; Convicts' Jails, 102;
Pres. Cleveland, 102; Grosvenor, 102;
Hepburn, 102; British Army and
Courts-Martial, 103; Crime, 103; Con-
scription in Germany, France and
Italy, 104, 105; Cost from Organiza-
tion, 96; Aristocracy, Plumb, 222.
ARBITRATION, passim (see Conferences |

and Congresses), Labor Arbitration
(see Intra- National), Arbitration
League Principles, 1; Practicable and
Reasonable, 20; Neal Dow, 28; by
Churches, 46; Hamilton Fish, 61;

Ohio Gov. and Senate unanimous, 47;
at the British polls, 47, 48; success of
Arbitrationists, 49; Parliament Br.,
50; Hamilton Fish, 61; Henry IV.,
LaCroix, Sully, Penn, Kant, Rous-
seau, Franklin, Washington, Ben-
tham, Bonaparte, Bristol, Derby, Maz-
zini, Victor Hugo, and d'Alviella on,
61; Success of, 62, 63; Geneva, 63;
Wisdom of League, 64; Crittenden,
Cass, and Tibbatts, 65; Saved war
with Mexico, 65; First specific treaty
of, 75; Garibaldi, 122; Cleaveland,
125; Rev. Dr. Stevens, 121; Colombia
assents, 125; Ship Masonic. 125; De-
Laveleye on, 169; Servian Minister,
192; Italy and Colombia, 187; Legare
and H. Rep. Com. For. Rel., 222.
ALLIANCE (see Holy Alliance).
ALLIANCE (see Evangelical Alliance).
ARMY, SALVATION (see Salvation Army).
ARMY ENGINEERS (see Engineers).
ARMORY, SPRINGFIELD, 43; Longfellow,
43, 44.

ARMY FOR INDIANS (see Indians).
ARMED PEACE, war, 87.
ALSACE-LORRAINE, Neutralization of 128.
AUSTRIA, 196. 198; Pop., Mil., and Debts,
198.

AUSTRALIA, Federation of, 158.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, 70, 73.
ALASKA, Boundary uncertain, 174.
AMERICAN CONGRESS (see Congress).
ALABAMA CASE, 8, 9, 170.
ADAMS, JOHN, 131.
ADAMS, J. Q., 132, 133; Monroe Doct., 155;
Neutrality, 132; Romero on, 23; Pan-
ama Congress, 59, 60.
ADAMS, Min. Bol., on Br. Banks defeating
Peace Congress, 66.
ATTILA on war, 127.
AUTHORITY, CIVIL, in PEACE, 51.
ACADEMY, MILITARY, Appropriations,

51; Plumb on its aristocracy, 51, 81.
ABDUL AZIZ, SULTAN, Murder, 186.
ALBERT, PRINCE, 16.
ANGERS, BISHOP OF, Folly of war, 19.
ALLISON, on devices of rulers, 7.
ANDERSON, JNO. A., of Mo., bill Arb. 68.
ANDERSON, R. C., Com. Panama, 72, 132.
AUBE, Admiral, on Navy, 79.
ARCHER, on war, 99.

BALKAN PENINSULA, The, 191–195; Treaty

Berlin, 191; Bulgaria Autonomous,
191; Extent, Bulgaria, 191; Safeguard,
191; Eastern Roumelia, Extent and
Population, 191; Revolution Peaceful,
191; Mohommedan Oppression, 191;

BEHRENDS, REV. DR., on War Debts and CONGRESS, INTERNATIONAL, at Berne,

BUCHANAN, JAMES, Neutrality, 133, 136, CONFERENCE, FOREIGN, Judgments, 165,