Valley, Central America, Mexico and Peru, and their pyramids, fortified cities, magnificent temples and armies, which centuries of forests trod down in their ordained march to reclaim the soil from man, and held down with ever-tightening clench of root! I recall that amid the splendor of those civilizations no generous human thought advanced up their grand highways; that within the stately temple the altar dripped with human blood; that the lust of power or fame in the few spent the many in rearing rampart and pyramid, or in battle; that millions of wretched, hopeless men fell prostrate, and breathed out their heartache into the soil over which merciful Nature drew at last the mantle of a new vegetation. Under our very feet slumbers a vast old tragedy, whose last tremor has for ages been stilled; and the American whose skeleton was found here in our delta, beneath four buried forests, one above another, may hundreds of centuries ago have murmured in his unknown tongue that a civilization that fosters the erect statue or column, and not the erect man, must rot from its graves even up to its temple-tops! [Loud applause.] And when throughout America, as in this Republic, the man shall stand foremost and the body politic shall be the mere vehicle of his enlightened will, civilization will attain its highest dignity, its most beneficent power, and peace shall be its breath. I believe that in the providence of God, who stores his soul in men as the sun stores its heat in the earth, this precious end will come. That providence is the loftiest statesmanship. We can trust it. Here in this greater

.

AMERICAN CONGRESS OF TO-DAY ARE ARRAYED

Our best national guarantees of peace; from the soil and shop comes through these Commissioners and exhibitors more in this behalf than mere post bellum patches upon a constitution, to-wit: The means to a prosperity in whose diligent achievment and American extension old fevers may be expelled from the blood of men, and the constitution may live in the warm hearts of all our countrymen. The imprint of a royal thumb once authenticated decrees, and to-day from the hand of honest labor has come vital assurance that a charter is secure when set to metre in the song of mills, the plash of wheels, the beat of hammers and the hum of towns!

"She that lifts up the manhood of the poor,

She of the open soul and open door,
With room about her hearth for all mankind!
The fire is dreadful in her eyes no more;

From her bold front the helm she doth unbind,

Sends all her handmaid armies wack to spin,

And bids her navies, that so lately hurled

Their crashing battle, hold their thunders in,

Swimming like birds of calm along the unharmful shore!
O Beautiful! my country! Ours once more!

Smoothing thy gold of war disheveled hair

O'er such sweet brows as never others wore,
And letting thy sweet lips

Freed from wrath's pale eclipse,

The rosy edges of their smile lay bare,

But ask whatever else, and we will dare!"

Rev. Dr. Werlein of the Methodist Episcopal Church (New Orleans), said:

We may praise the courage and honor the patriotism, and admire the selfabandonment with which heroes have hurled themselves into the thickest of the fray and courted death, but, after all, desolation, demoralization, the overthrow of the weak by the strong are the poor compensations of such heroic suffering and wholesale sacrifice of life. It baptizes the land with blood and breaks thousands of hearts; it quenches multitudes of promising lives and fills the air with voices of lamentation, and even then fails to accomplish what less costly and more humane methods can satisfactorily consummate. Behold the battle fields and the soldier cemeteries in every land! dark, sad commentary on human charity and enlightenment!

What a

"Oh! the gallant hearts that are lying cold and still

On the slope beyond the summit of the plateau of the hill!
Oh! the gallant heart's that are sobbing out their souls,

As the chilly night-wind reaches the burning bullet holes!

And oh, the writhing mass of pain close packed with the tranquil slain,
When the gray morn wakes again o'er the hills they dared to climb."
I ask:

SHALL THE SAVAGERY OF WAR CONTINUE

to be the arbitrament of national disagreements?

Shall boycotting, strikes, dynamite and infernal machines become the efficient means of adjusting the difficulties between the laboring classes and their employers?

No surer proof of the growth of Christian enlightenment among the nations can be given than the manifest unwillingness with which the appeal to arms is made. The voice of the nations is: "We have suffered enough. We are wearied with incessant warfare. We are tired of watching our neighbors through the eyes of armed sentinels. Give us a better plan to preserve our domains, protect our country and live in security. .

Senor Matias Romero, the Mexican Minister to the United States, said that he represented General Perfirio Diaz, President of the Mexican Republic, who could not attend by reason of his official duties. He continued:

It is very clear to my mind, that if a system of more intimate commercial intercourse with the nations of this continent is to be pursued by you, it must begin with Mexico, which is a contiguous neighbor of the United States, is nearer this country than the others and is now in railroad communication with you.

OUR TWO NATIONS ARE THE COMPLEMENT OF EACH OTHER

physically and geographically. We both control the shores of the greatestinland sea known to the world. Together we produce almost every article known to commerce. We have every variety of climate, and at present we are the greatest source of the precious metals by which commerce is regulated. We represent the true idea of free government for the people and by the people. We produce in Mexico the raw materials which you need for your manufactures, and the tropical fruits which you can not raise—and we need your manufactured products, the consumption of which will increase as our production increases. In the trade of Mexico the United States has about the same proportion as in the trade of the continent. Out of $92,000,000 to which it amounted in 1884, your share was about $22,060,000, or not quite one fourth.

With a view to increase the trade between the two countries, removing the barriers which now shackle it, a treaty was negotiated by one of the most distinguished men that this country ever produced, and very remarkable indeed for his uncommonly sound sense, high spirit of rectitude, true patriotism and perfect acquaintance with the conditions and needs of both countriesGeneral U. S. Grant, whose recent death has grieved the heart of every American and of all his foreign friends—that treaty, although ratified by both governments, is still waiting the action of the legislative power of both contracting parties.

This system of increased commercial relations between the United States and the nations of this hemisphere was the

TRUE OBJECT AND INTENT OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE.

After the Holy Alliance had declared its intention to restore the authority of the European governments over the American colonies, which had asserted and maintained their independence, Mr. John Quincy Adams, then Secretary of State and the true author of the Monroe doctrine, was apprehensive that this country would suffer all the vexations and barriers of the European

colonial commercial system, and with a view to avoid such a result, it was declared that "any attempt on the part of the European powers to extend their system of government to any portion of this hemisphere should be considered by the United States as dangerous to their peace and safety," and that "any interference by the European powers for the purpose of oppressing or controlling in any manner their former colonies, who had attained their independence, could not be viewed in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." You, therefore, are now undertaking to carry out the true principles of the Monroe doctrine.

Senor Romero, the especial friend of the late President Grant, enunciated and thoroughly endorsed the General's views of peace, of standing armies as a menace of war, of disarmament, and of an international Court of Arbitration. He thus closed:

In conclusion, allow me to say that in my opinion the subject of your Exposition, and of the celebration of American peace on the day of its inauguration, will go far toward inspiring confidence and securing co-operation of the Spanish-American States. The abolition of slavery has destroyed the spirit of annexation, which was a political necessity to increase its area and maintain the equilibrium with the wonderful increase of the free States of this Union. The civil war which brought about the abolition of slavery, has convinced the thinking men of this country that all they can accomplish, and it will certainly be a glorious work, is the preservation of the Union as it was founded by your forefathers, and increased and enlarged afterwards, and that any attempt to add by force new Territories, especially if inhabited by a different race, will only weaken the Union and probably shorten its life. As the Mexican war, with its results, undertaken to extend slavery, brought its abolition, any further acquisition of territory may only imperil the life of this great nation.

WHEN ALL THE AMERICANS OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE

Origin are satisfied that their nationalities of which they are justly proud and jealous, has nothing to fear from the United States, and that you only desire to extend your commercial business with them, dealing fairly with them and treating them as brothers, I have no doubt they will be most zealous cooperators of your project, and the work you have so earnestly and wisely begun will soon and easily come to a satisfactory consummation.

Hon. T. F. Bayard, Secretary of State, thus wrote the Exposition, October 28, 1885:

'No topic is more in accord with my feelings and wishes than 'Peace." The beneficial ties of free and reciprocal exchanges which have been so fruitful of grand results, and have been such mighty factors in the growth and prosperity of the United States of the Union, should impressively instruct our legislators and citizens in the wisdom of exchanges under voluntary and peaceful methods. The artificial diversons of the natural powers and tendencies of any region or community by the interfering agencies of statutes, must impair its real sources of native strength; and, for reasons analogous, the voluntary methods of peaceful inclination will ever be illy replaced by the exercise of force or arbitrary power. I rejoice in the belief that within this Union

THE HEALING INFLUENCES OF PEACE

"Are building up a solid prosperity that will prevent all malevolent efforts to infuse discord and violence instead of the moral forces which cluster under the banner of peace, and that the same spirit of amity and comity may expand its beneficient influence over our neighbors on our borders, and the more distant friendly communities of the Southern half of our hemisphere.' The President of Venezuela wrote of the laudable object to establish peace and good will between the nations of the Three Americas.

The various Central and South American countries who sent no delegates expressed strongly by letter their interest in the cause of peace and of American fraternity.

The governors of states wrote of "peace and good will," and the presidents of colleges of plans mutually helpful to each other, . e., the three Americas, and of their sympathy "with every effort to establish peace and good will between the various nations of the continent," that "there is no nobler object," that "no cause is more eminently worthy." Hon. B. M. McCutcheon (member of Congress), of Michigan, wrote of his hearty wishes for "great success in bringing the 'three Americas' into a more intimate relation." Ex-Speaker S. J. Randall (member of Congress), of Pennsylvania, wrote of his earnest good will" for the "three Americas" and for the

"" PEACE SO ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY

for the comfort and happiness of the workers and toilers in every land." Hon. Wm. M. Springer (member of Congress), of Illinois, wrote earnestly of "peace and good will" between the 'three Americas." Hon. A. J. Warner (member of Congress), of Ohio, expressed his sympathy with "peace and good will" and a protest against the increase of "war debts and war taxation. These are the terrible burdens that are weighing down modern nations and preventing the advance of civilization."

C. P. Huntington, President of the Southern Pacific Railroad, thus wrote: I note with pleasure that the managers of the Industrial Exposition lay special stress on the fact that the Western Hemisphere is entitled to the proud distinction of being

THE CONTINENT OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND GOOD WILL,

and in this respect affords a striking contrast with the older quarters of the globe, where differences of race, language, and creed only serve to intensify prejudice and perpetuate strife between the respective peoples. When we contemplate the spectacle of powers of Europe and Asia, great and small, each with its boundaries jeal ously guarded and fortified; each maintaining large standing and reserve armies and fleets where peace is with difficulty maintained by the pressure of debts incurred for war purposes or the heavy drain upon the youth and the accumulated possessions in order to sustain new contests, we of the three Americas may congratulate our selves that our energies and means are spared to us, and may be devoted to the arts of peace, to commerce and to ennobling sciences.

The proximity of a neighboring power, far from being a menace and an incubus, is regarded, as it should be, as a happy fortune, and we are learning to draw from it all the benefits of good neighborship. The lapse of time, together with the lesson to be learned from the attitude of the peoples of Europe and Asia, ought to strengthen the ties which bind us in a common humanity, and doubtless will enable us to avoid some of the errors of the original hives from which new colonies have swarmed across the Atlantic.

Representing myself industrial enterprises more or less concerned with international commerce and transportation, I recognize in your Exposition a beneficent function and a good omen of that fraternity which I trust is to characterize the reļations of the American states.

My address before the Ethical Society of Washington City was upon

COMMON SENSE APPLIED TO INTERNATIONAL Quarrels. Several wars were analyzed, and it was proved that nations terminate the conflict, leaving the cause not removed and often not adverted to in the conclusion of peace.

THE SALVATION ARMY.

I did not hesitate to accept the invitation of Commissioner Smith to address two mammoth conventions at Washington City and Chicago. I found them wholly in accord with our work.

The world may not adopt the principles of the Friends as to religious worship, religious excitement and music, but it will be converted to their pacific internationalism. Drums may call people to service as well as bells,

and the music of the band may stimulate worship as well as that of the organ. Trinity Church, New York City, employs a band on Ascension Day, and years ago I used it on a few Sundays of the year. The instruments of the saloon and vice are appropriated by the Salvation Army in behalf of virtue.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE SALVATION ARMY

is the breaking up the association of music and song with war and the saloon and transferring it to peace, ebriety, and virtue. The power of association must be made to aid peace and virtue as well as war and vice. I regard the Salvation army as a powerful agency to destroy the war drum among the people. I would use it as well as song in the peace meeting, at the grove, and hall. Let Mystic Grove employ the drum and band in its service for its thousands. Let there be enthusiasm in the best cause upon earth. Let us thus attract to our sacred contest the sentient people, and those who frequent not religious temples and are not especially reflective.

The religious world is professedly pacific. The labor world is professedly converted to arbitration and peace. Let us advance a step further and enlist the fighting element to contend for peace, bringing the whole community into martial trim for heroic, enthusiastic demonstrations, and for final victory over the tyrant, War.

*

We have an agency in the sixty thousand drilled soldiers of the American Salvation Army and their million scattered over all lands, which is a missionary against war, as against tobacco, rum, and dissipation.

THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE YEAR

has been voluminous, and has extended over the New and the Old World, averaging six letters a day.

The Presidents of the American republics have expressed unqualified approval of the principles and policy of the Arbitration League. The emperor of Brazil† has accorded the strongest written sympathy. The various foreign

*General Booth, the Leader of the Salvation Army, addressed his Salvation Soldiers thus:

"MY DEAR COMRADES:Two of the mightiest nations on the earth to be rushing at each other in deadly hatred, and for months, perhaps for years, exerting all their tremendous strength in doing each other all the damage possible. It would mean the shedding of oceans of blood. Tens of thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands, directly or indirectly, being slaughtered on the battle-field, or perishing by disease or by famine. It would mean the making of thousands of heart-broken, prospect-blighted widows and orphans, many of whom would die in this misery, while the sorrows of multitudes more would stretch out to generations yet unborn. It would mean the waste of millions of money, involving multitudes in hunger, poverty and shame. It would mean the letting loose in the hearts of men, many of them only half civilized, the vilest passions of human nature. what vice, what blasphemies, what cursing, what deviltries of every kind, accom. pany and follow in the train of war! What is the duty of Salvationists at such a crisis? Any true soldier of the Salvation Army should cry night and day to God to avert so dreadful a calamity. Let him shut his ears to all the worldly, un Scriptural, un-Christian talk about war being a necessity."

Oh,

April 20th was observed as a day of fasting and prayer throughout the Salvation Army for the aversion of war.

The Bishop of Chichester, England, says:

"The Salvation Army has produced great effects. No Christian Church can afford to disregard or deprecate such an agency. Can we refuse to acknowledge them as fellow workers, though not in our way? Let us beware of looking at them with indifference, or contempt, or dislike."

†The emperor of Brazil has published two great works, styled, "The Actual Mission of Sovereigns" and "The Actual Mission of Laborers." The emperor proposes preparation for, and in due time the creation of, a society of a new order— international. He insists upon a positive code, solemnly accepted by the political and social powers. The emperor declares that there is urgent need for international tribunals, with international sanction, the sovereign council of the "empire of civil