dueling justify the hope that brutality, passionateness and selfishness among nations SHALL NOT RIOT TO THE UTTERMOST and on the very slightest provocation. THE ADVANCES OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE, amicable intercourse between nations, a diffused apprehension of its evils and of its moral anomalies, the recognized incongruity between it and a finely organized commercial system, popular education and the diffusion of knowledge, popular interest in social questions, obvious evils of military establishments, the diversion of scientific and mechanical knowledge to military purposes, its waste of national wealth, its obstacle to social reform, the spread of liberalism in Europe, constitutional governments, the forces of civilization drawing nations into sympathy with each other, free speech, the German and French and English philosophic thought at one, Christianity essentially pacific and divorcing itself from the accidentally bellicose, the extraordinary development of international associations for all sorts of purposes, international congresses and conferences and leagues inviting to a common government, all surely pressage THAT WAR CANNOT BE ETERNAL, * despite war writers, war correspondents, military officials, contractors, military relatives, military preachers, perversions of Scripture, external attractions of a military career, the pageantry of flags and parades, the cherished tales of heroism of war and the suppression of all reference to its brutality and immorality, the science of art applied to war, military and naval academies, war history, war biography and war literature, and the numerous interests involved in militarism. The profession of a soldier is made appreciable by the people in the Captain Blount says: The chief object of training a soldier how to shoot is not that he might make big records, but that he might hit his man and wound him or kill him. In the army men were wanted who could make good line shots; a shot that would hit a man somewhere. The question of how best to gain this object was submitted to a large number of officers in active service throughout the United States, particularly in the West, and ninty-four per cent. were in favor of the eliptical target. A soldier who could make a true line shot would be effective, because he would be sure to hit his man somewhere, and to hit him anywhere was to disable him in action. MAN-TARGETS ‡ Is the new industry at the Government Arsenal and Armory on Rock Island, *NOTE. O! had ye stood, the heralds of the Lord, And meeting-house throughout the so-called lands Of Christendom, and spoken out the word Of Christ's own truth as he has left it you, War had ceased utterly this thousand years. SIR DAVID BREWSTER: "Nothing in the history of the species appears more inexplicable than that war, the child of barbarism, should exist in an age enlightened and civilized. But it is more inexplicable still, that war should exist where Christianity has for nearly two thousand years been shedding its gentle light, and that it should be defended by arguments drawn from the Scriptures themselves." Military training creates blindness to the dignity and claims of human nature, which is the most powerful cause of insensibility to war. We know not the worth of a man. We know not who the victims are upon whom war plants its foot, whom the conqueror leaves to the vulture on the field of battle. Did we see in them the spiritual, immortal children of God, how high would our voice be lifted against war! The one great study which engages the attention of the ruling classes, and absorbs the wealth of peoples, is the art of homicide. The man who may best hope Illinois. These "man-targets are made of steel, each weighing two hundred and seventy pounds, and of the form of the average man. They are upright at a front, in the position of firing. The steel is covered with cloth, so as to resemble a man. It tells just where "the man" is hit,-breast, stomach or head. The only drawback is that these steel men can not give a return fire. The army musket of to-day can be fired twenty-four times a minute, and is effective for destruction of life at a distance of two miles. Hence the mantargets of the Arsenals. The old style of close work in a battle is at at end, and artillery shields have become a necessity for the protection of gunners. With the effective musketry of the present day a battery would be deprived of its men by the sharp-shooters of the enemy as far as they could be seen, and be unable to do anything in return, for the old methods of supporting and protecting a battery by infantry, keeping back the infantry on the other side, is at an end. The enemy need not be within a mile of the battery, and yet pick off its men with the new weapons and the use of glasses. FIGHTING MEN—“IN PEACE PREPARE for war.” For a quarter of a century the country has been, under militarism, traveling rapidly away from the sentiment and conduct of William Penn and the peace founders of our republic. We have been bestowing especial honor upon our fighting men, hence our fighting men multiply. Thus in peace prepare we for war. A Dominick McCaffrey, of Philadelphia returned to the Quaker City after his contest with Sullivan at Cincinnati. McCaffrey traveled in state. cheering crowd met him at the raiilway station to escort him to his saloon; triumphant music announced his presence; a band of enthusiastic friends, while the strains of "Hail to the Chief" floated away on the Pennsylvania air, lifted him bodily from his feet and bore him aloft on their shoulders to a splendid carriage drawn by four prancing horses; a body-guard of eight hundred devoted fellow-citizens followed the carriage down Chestnut Street; directly in front of the imposing chariot ran a goodly number of the youth of the city, making constant proclamation as they ran that the Chief was coming; at Eleventh and Chestnut Streets three fair Philadelphia maidens-to typify Faith, Hope, and Charity,-waved their handkerchiefs at the Chief, who in turn "bowed modestly.' Is William Penn dead? THE SPRINGFIELD ARMORY. During the rebellion, or from 1861 to 1865, inclusive, there were made at the Springfield Armory 805,537 rifle-muskets, at a cost of $11.70 each, amounting to $9,431,603.31. The appropriation to the Springfield Armory this year for the manufacture af arms is $100,000 less than for each of the four preceding years. It is not surprising that on visiting the GOVERNMENT ARSENAL AT SPRINGFIELD, LONGFELLOW WROTE: This is the arsenal, from floor to ceiling; Ah! what a sound will rise, how wild and dreary, Will mingle with their awful symphonies. I hear even now the infinite fierce chorus- for distinction and rapid accumulation of fortune, is the man who invents some new and more terrible form of infernal machine for the destruction of life and property. The most rapid path to honor and emolument, to decorations and pensions and peerages, is the path of blood. Which, through the ages that have gone before us, On helm and harness rings the Saxon hammer, O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong. I hear the Florentine, who, from his palace, Beat the wild war-drums made of serpent's skin. The bursting shell-the gateway wrenched asunder— Is it, O man! with such discordant noises, Thou drownest Nature's sweet and kindly voices, DECORATION DAY. A number of Grand Army posts have changed Decoration Day to Arbor Day, and trees are planted instead of the scattering of flowers. The discourses of Decoration Day this year have generally deprecated war and exalted peace. One orator choose for his theme, "The Vocation of the Grand Army of the Republic." He said: "You are not a military body; you hold no regular muster or drill, you do not engage in war. Experience has shown that entire dependence cannot be placed upon so-called 'standing armies.' When war becomes a trade the warrior is made a trader, and whoever drives the best bargains get the Hessians. Is there no renown possible for you unless there be another war? Cannot that plant called a nation grow unless watered with blood? Shall history simply show the survival not of the fittest, but the fighters? No. The respect I pay you soldiers of 1861, is not that WHICH BELONGS TO BULL-DOGS OR GLADIATORS. Your organ. It is that I feel towards men, men of ideas, of principles, loyal men. ization, I venture to say, never elevates strife or honors muider, never glories in the gore and horror of the battle fields where you fought, nor gloats over the heartbreaking and home-woes your service caused." After depicting the efforts of Gen. Grant to promote permanent and universal peace since 1866, the orator continued: "Now what I advocate is that the organization in which the immense majority of the survivors of the Federal army are associated, should now make a definite business of conquest through peace. That the dignity and strength of your mighty society be used to tone up and to regulate the foreign policy of our government, so that causes of war may be foreseen, manfully met, fairly adjusted, and wisely, hon. orably, passed. The example this would furnish to other nations would be most worthy; and while it would be a novel spectacle soldiers manoeuvring to avoid war-it would be no less powerful in helping all the world on toward that predicted day when Nations shall not learn war any more.'"* *Some agree that rebellion is a conspiracy to violate all laws, and that the gov ernment must punish all law-breakers, whether one man or a million. Our govern. ment in the late war attempted merely to enforce the law. The sure way to prevent either war or rebellion is to educate men in the principles of peace. Thus trained there would have been no rebellion and no war. Without an army and armaments in 1861-2, we should have had no civil war. Senator Logan, when COMMANDER OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, first proclaimed Decoration day to be observed and its formalities, and was the chief promoter of the Congressional Resolution of April 13, 1886, which made it a legal holiday, "so that the resting places of the honored dead may be kept sacred forever." Gen. Logan, in his oration (May 30, 1886), at the tomb of Grant called war, "horrid war." He wept over the "nearly one-half million young, brave, useful lives that suffered extinguishment through the cruel circumstances of war." How touching Gen. Logan's description of the contest! "Peace folded her broken pinions and stood sorrowing by while hell loosed its furies on the devoted land. All day the booming guns kept time to the beating of our anxious hearts, and when night fell upon the revered day we whispered with white lips the story of disaster. The smoke of battle rolled away, and here and there, in homes where in days gone by loving mothers gathered their little broods about their knees, there was the weeping of Rachel, that would not be comforted, for the boy-always a boy to that mother's love-whose head lay low on the stricken field of Virginia. Soon from sea to sea, across the continent, death was busy sprink. ling the hearthstones of happy northern homes with the blood of their manhood; and if to cheer our fainting hearts we said to-day, "'twas at thy door my friend, the angel knocked, not mine.' The morrow's sun brought the dread message of our sorrow home, and in the touch of nature that made us all a kin, the bleeding land kneeling before its altar of sacrifice and holding its breaking heart, bowed under the heavy cross and steadfast to the end, paid the full price of liberty." Hon. I. D. Long, of Massachusetts, at Arlington: The result is a united country that counts as nothing its ability to fight the world, but as everything its ability TO LEAD THE WORLD IN THE ARTS OF PEACE, secure in the consciousness, rather than in the exhibition of power, and cemented not by blood but by ideas. Why should not THE MEMORIES OF WAR IN DEVOUT and patriotic minds profoundly stir them in a love of peace, and in the duty of its maintenance? The patriotic enthusiasm of the first Volunteering, the recollection of the real actors and personal sufferers, the acknowledged good consequences of the terrible struggle, the manly courage incited, the self-denial manifested, the love of country deepened and slavery abolished, can not shut out reflections of the immeasurable sufferings, the army of the dead, the wasted millions, the laziness, lust, licentiousness, intemperance, the loss of respect for property and life, the elimination of regard for man's honor and woman's chasity, for the sanctities of home and the quiet graces of piety. The Decoration Day is not the time of exultation in a military success. people of Mexico celebrate the battles of Chepultepec and Molino del Rey, the occasions of their defeat. We honor most the defeat at Bunker Hill. We mourn over the loss of many useful lives in the late war and magnify the cause of peace. General Grant said, "I would not have the anniversaries of our victories celebrated; but I would like to see truthful history written. Such history will do full credit to the courage, endurance, and soldierly ability of the American citizen, no matter what section of the country he hailed from, or in what ranks he fought. The justice of the cause which in the end prevailed will, I doubt not, come to be acknowledged by every citizen in the land."* *The remains of over 300,000 soldiers and sailors who fell in the war for the Union rest in seventy-eight National cemeteries, in twenty-one states and territories, and in countless other cities of the dead from Maine to Texas and Oregon. The utmost that sympathetic hearts could do, has resulted in preserving the records of about 171,000 of the departed soldiers, while the remainder of the 300,000 have been buried in unknown graves. The light has gone out of many an eye and the ARBITRATION IS EMPLOYED BY CHURCHES As well as in international and labor difficulties. The Piedmont Church, of Worcester, the largest and one of the wealthiest Congregational Churches in Central Massachusetts, has been distracted for ten years about the transactions of a member of a machinery firm. A long contest was so decided as to threaten a division of the body into two distinct organizations, and thus increase the burdens of the people and further distract a religious society. The submission of the difficulty to arbitrators was as effectual as in larger bodies of disputants. THE SPIRIT OF WAR HAS ENTERED THE MINISTRY. Three instances have occurred during the year where ministers have killed ministers. The latest ministerial fight resulted in one minister losing his lower limbs. This fight was urged forward by the women of the households. Surely there is need of a Gospel of Peace in the family and in the pulpit! Why are the Friends, and Tunkers, and Mennonites, and Zoarites, and Amish free from fights, and murders, and suicides? Are these people of a different race? Have they no combativeness, no contrarient opinions, no disismilarity of views? Are they not human? Are they not exactly like other religious and irreligious people, except that they are bred pacifically from childhood, and other people are bred for contention and war? What is the remedy, then, for suicide, murder, assassination, fights, boycotts and strikes? The Quaker remedy. Are the Quakers destitute of spirit, energy, enterprise and progress? By no means. They excel in manufacture, industries fand progress. They know how effectually to resent insult and injury and to protect their families, without pistol or knife. The administration of Governor Foraker (of Ohio) was inaugurated Jan. 11, 1886, by these significant utterances in his strong and admirable inaugural address: "ARBITRATION. "This step has been tardily taken, but it is in the right direction, and no less to be appreciated on that account. Arbitration is deservedly growing into favor every. where, not simply for the settlement of controversies between capital and labor, but also for the adjustment of all kinds of differences, notably and happily INTERNATIONAL AS WELL AS INDIVIDUAL DISPutes. It is hoped the principle may be continually advanced in every legitimate way until it rules the world. Such laws are too freely spoken of as though they were in the interest of labor alone. They are equally in the interest of capital. In England, Scotland, Germany and other countries where they have had large experience, the very best results for both capital and labor have been obtained, not only from arbitration, but also from what only a few years ago were thought to be the impossible systems of co-operation and profit-sharing. There is no reason why like results may not be similarly secured here. Ohio should keep abreast with the progress that is being made in the matter of reforming and improving in these respects the industrial interests and bettering the conditions of the wage-workers of the country." The Ohio State Journal, the Republican organ at Columbus, says: "Governor Foraker makes a strong recommendation for arbitration in labor troubles and advocates additional laws for the settlement of troubles, greater com. fort of laborers and protection of life and property. In this he has struck a popular life and the love out of many a heart because of the beloved husband, son, father, brother, or lover, who was among the "missing." There are single mounds, lonely graves in crowded cities and towns, and in quiet, secluded spots; on sunny hillsides, by the banks of rippling streams, where violets gently bloom and spring beauties gladden the face of Nature. When Clara Barton came to me during the war, in Washington City, about the "missing dead," with no means to carry out her plans for their discovery, I found a ready response to a circular I addressed to the Masonic lodges of the country. This was the beginning of the work which discovered the mode and time of death to many thousands of mourning survivors, and was the foundation of the system of marking the soldiers' graves. |