cause the young bookseller and publisher needed a wife, as the church required that a married sister should be stationed in London. In the same year (1740) Hutton went to Germany, where it was considered necessary that he should marry, in order that there might be a sister in London, who should attend to the work of the Lord among the females, of whom some were a remnant of those who were first awakened, and others were new comers. A union was, therefore, proposed between him and a single sister, Louise Brandt, a native of French Switzerland, who, in the year 1739, had joined the congregation of the Brethren. After taking some time to consider, she consented to the proposal, and the marriage took place at Marrenborn on the 3rd July, 1740, Count Zinzendorf performing the ceremony. We may venture to assure the Moravian brethren that the system of forming marriages, how. ever it may be applicable to their disciplined natures, has not little to do with their stationary position on earth. They cannot expect to increase their numbers while they adopt unattractive rules, and systems that have no connection with the Scriptures. We have no right to go out of them for the cut of a coat, the pronunciation of a word, or the marriage of a wife; or any other transaction; and make it a rule of faith. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Hutton was a happy one, in spite of their strange courtship, if the congregation at Fetter-lane would have allowed them to manage their own wardrobes and such like in peace. Thirty-one years, however, after their marriage, at page 491, we find the following passage : The improper manner of dressing, which had been the subject of "hearty representation in the present year (1771), not having had the desired effect, there being sisters who did not dress in the plainness and simplicity which the world expects of us," Brother Tranaker was desired to speak in a "tender and hearty manner with sister Hutton, among others." What effect this produced does not appear, except from the following entry, on the 4th of November, which indicates that, for some reason or other, it was justifiable:"A letter from Brother Hutton, apologising for the uncon. gregation-like fashion of his wife's gown, was read." Sister Hutton having been the first married woman in that church might have been allowed to choose the cut of her own frock, and select her own milliner, after her thirtieth married year, when we may readily suppose that she was not the gayest of the gay. During the thirty-one years between the marriage and the rebuke of Mrs. Hutton, her husband having long abandoned his business, had become a class leader and general manager of the Church in London, and had not always or often found peace in the work. His friend, the Count, had purchased a large house and grounds in Chelsea, for the brethren and sisters. Mr. and Mrs. Hutton lived there for a considerable period, and the former appears to have been the trustee of the community's property. He was the diplomatist of the body. All their negotiations with the public men of the day were conducted through him. The volume takes part of its general value from the information continually given in the correspondence, otherwise somewhat heavy, respecting historical men. Mr. Hutton was a favourite of George III. and of the Queen Charlotte. The king was anxious to hear all the particulars that could be gleaned of Moravian life. He bestowed many immunities and privileges on their missionary settlements in the colonies; but it is scanty justice to say of the Moravians that they only asked for soil to work upon, and liberty to worship God according to their manner in peace. Their episcopal organisation was favourable to them at court; and they were supported warmly by several dignitaries of the Church. Hutton passed a considerable part of his time in journeying through Germany chiefly, France and Switzerland. He acquired the German and French languages apparently so far as to address meetings of the communities. While at Geneva, in 1756, he intended to have called on Mons. Voltaire; using his relationship to Sir Isaac Newton as the means of breaking the ice; but the Infidel philose pher was ill in bed, angry with his monkey and wroth with his servants, and the British missionary felt that he would be ill received. He says, in page 317: "He" (Voltaire), "has bought a house and an estate of a certain kind, and very beautiful, near Geneva and witinu its jurisdiction, and lives in great style. I saw thres servants in livery, and one dressed as a gentleman, not in livery. He must be rich. If death prevent not, his life will be history." It has become only a miserable land-mark in history, and few men of equal ability, longing for notoriety, have left feebler tracings on the sands of time than Voltaire. Hutton had an extensive correspondence, and many meetings with another person of unfortunately similar principles, in some respects, to Voltaire. We allude to Dr. Franklin, who was probably the principal promoter of the American revolution. It is supposed that Franklin and Hutton became acquainted commercially in 1739, when they were both engaged in printing the journals and sermons of Mr. Whitfield, bat had only formed a personal intimacy in 1757, when Dr. Franklin came to England as an agent for the province of Pennsylvania, which even at that early date repudiated its just debts; for it should not be forgotten, now one hundred years after the event, that the Pennsylvanians were unwilling to pay any part of the expense of being governed. We know that the imposition of taxes, without the consent of the people, through their representatives, was the assigned cause of the rebellion; but it does not appear that these people were willing to tax their selves. At that time, we learn from the ecrite pondence of Hutton that Franklin was not acting always with his brother commissioners. At a long subsequent period, namely, in 1778, and after the war had commenced, Dr. Franklin, writing from Plassy, where he lived as a representative of the revolted party to the French court writing to Mr. David Hartley, says, in his postcript: An old friend of mine, Mr. Hutton, a chief of the Mer vians, who is often at the Queen's Palace, and is sometime HISTORICAL MEMORANDA. spoken to by the King, was over here lately. He pretended to no commission, but urged me much to propose some terms of peace, which I have avoided. He has written to me since his return, pressing the same thing, and expressing with some confidence, his opinion that we might have everything short of absolute independence, &c. He Dr. Franklin's voice, however, was not for peace. He was tickled by the attentions paid to him at the French Court. If his friend Hutton visited at one Royal palace, he (Franklin) visited at another. Upon the 1st February, 1771, he wrote to Hutton that peace might be made by dropping all your pretensions to govern us." confessed that Britain might "retain all Canada, Nova Scotia, and the Floridas," but recommended that they should throw in those countries, which, he said, "will, otherwise, be some time or other demanded." The Doctor was wrong in his anticipations regarding the Canadas and Nova Scotia. These countries are rising faster than any portion of the Union, and the time may come, and living men may see it, when they will be literally stronger than the Union, because they have no intestine openings for quarrels and weakness. The real cause for continuing the war is set forth by Dr. Franklin, in a letter to Mr. Hutton, dated 24th March, 1778. The letter ran thus :My dear old friend was in the right not to call in question the sincerity of my words, where I say, February the 12th, we can treat if any propositions are made to us, "They were true then, and are so still, if Britain has not declared war with France, for, in that case, we shall undoubtedly think ourselves obliged to continue the war as long as she does." George III. lived to see the French dynasty, whose conduct fanned the civil war in America, driven from their throne, and forced to seek a shelter in his dominions. France, doubtless, gave independence to the United States. The retribution was that revolution which loosened for ever the throne of the Bourbons. It appears that Hutton ceased to visit at the Court at the clo e of the following year. He had mentioned the name of Rodney as a fitting officer to command the fleet in that emergency. Soon after he saw that Rodney was gazetted, and he was afraid to commit again a similar indiscretion. The cause of his fear was a coincidence. Hutton was not the patrón of Rodney. The idea is somewhat curious of a Moravian missionary recommending a fighting man for the command of the fleet, and the king taking counsel with a peace-at-any-price man on the subject. The value of the volume chiefly consists, as we have said, in the casual notices of events and men of the last century. It is curious, for example, to observe as the P.S. of one of Hutton's letters dated 24th August, 1745. "It seems as if the King of Prussia had begun war against the King of Poland." The grand event in British history of that year passes with little notice. On the 23rd of September it was known in London that the Pretender had been proclaimed king at Edinburgh, "and the hope of the brethren was ex 371 pressed that his party would be soon defeated,”— a strange hope from men who conscientiously More sought exemption from military service. space is occupied with the disorderly behaviour of the young people at Fetter-lane, and instructions to females, called even sisters, not to throw down the forms with their hoops as they pass the end, and to walk with short straight steps-than with the great rebellion. One hundred and ten years ago the crinoline of the day was a hoop. It was a hypocritical article, but must have been stifter and more troublesome than the modern substitute. Another little inconsistency occurred among the brethren when, in 1746, they joined as a church in the general day of thanksgiving for the complete overthrow of the Pretender at the battle of Culloden on the 16th of April. They might have joined in a thanksgiving for the restoration of peace: but thanksgiving for a victory by battle, and the overthrow of one army, by persons who deemed war immoral and un-Christian, was a strange forgetfulness of the means in the end. In the same year the brethren refused admission to one person who wished to join them, because, said Mr. Hutton, "which cannot be while you are a seller of spiritous liquors." At this period even the ministers of the brethren were not exempted from "pressure" to the army,-except by the activity of their friends; and thus we have a landmark of progress established. A century since subjects of the realm were pressed into the army. In 1746 the Huttons lost two of their children by death. From the tor of Mr. Hutton's will, dated in 1763, it is clear that he had no children then alive, for his property was bequeathed to his wife, and, failing her, to his niece. In 1778 his wife died,-evidently from disease of the heart,after they had been married for more than thirtyeight years, and been more happy in that connection than people in general would have any reason to anticipate from a similar commencement. Hutton continued his engagements with the Fetterlane congregation, having joined the small choir of widowers; and he survived his wife seventeen years; but for a part of that long period he resided with some "sisters" in the country. His death occurred on the 3rd of May 1795, and he had not quite completed his eightieth year. Few men succeeded better in impressing the public and statesmen with a conviction of his sincerity. Equally few, commencing life in narrow circumstances, neither desiring nor obtaining wealth, professing opinions with which the multitude had little sympathy, and which, whether they were or were not generally acceptable, could not promote any personal objects on earth,-ever attained greater influence and success in his negociations for "the brethren," or "the community;" consisting of brethren and sisters; for the latter exercised no small sway in the general affairs of the body. Hutton wrote several of the hymns used by the church in England, although not to The As I began to know exactly how long I had been not so very vast either-of five or six miles to ill, and how sickly I had been, and very like to the confines of our valley; but the distance seemed die, with the consciousness of so many watchings far to me who had not been a land-louper or having taken place with me, and of having been rolling-stone theretofore. Even that short distance the subject of consultations between Dr. More had, however, made a great alteration in the and Dr. Groom, and that the neighbours had called climate, and the herbs that grew out of the earth, early every morning to hear how I had got over when left to itself. The mosses, living and prosthe night, and at night to learn how I had got pering on the atmosphere alone, fastened their through the day-those days and nights that were roots on the surface of the granite rocks, like nothing to me-I gathered a sort of importance in elastic bands, and clung to their hard seat, as if my own mind, especially after I was duly impressed they were instructed to make a layer of soil ultiwith the conviction that I should by nearly all mately above the solid stone. They lived on the precedents, have at this time departed this life, atmosphere, but they lived better on air and water, according to the phraseology of the gravestones. and when their roots touched a spring, they threw Also, I had something of the idea common to the up long and slender stalks for eight or nine inches; man who has had losses, and can think of them as and they were mosses still. The heath needed borne and fulfilled in all their parts. No small soil, hard and thin often, but always something to loss was mine-a whole spring time was gone to rest in; and perhaps might be at a third or fourth a boy almost clear of David Petrie; and unable to stage in making earth; while in its present state be corrected in the parish school-although it had it supports vast flocks of sheep, and innumerable once almost aspired to be considered an academy, bees rob its flowers in the summer time. and a boarding school for young gentlemen, while trees that fringed the brooklets and the loch were even Greek had been learned there, and the school- different to ours-self planted, and more like giant's master could speak French, although old Mrs. bushes than trees. The craggy mountains and Stewart-Sergeant Stewart's wife-who had been the dark forests were nearer, and seemed almost with her husband in the South of France, declared to look down from above, threatening to topple that she never heard any French in its ain country over upon and crush the Upper Burn; but in ony way coming near to Mr. Petrie's. Of those who sought to climb them found a reasoncourse I could see that Mr. Petrie and Mrs able distance between the house and the cairn, Stewart were both right-she being not book- from which, however, we could see the Eildon learned in the language, and he being nothing else, hills far, far away to the south, and the snow while the French are the most miserable pronoun- sheltered from the sun at all seasons in the crags cers, as it has always seemed to me, who ever and recesses of Lochnagar to the north. used a civilised form of letters, or anything before prospect to the east and the south was formed by the marks, like cut nails, called cunieform charac- long reaches of fertile land, that melted away into ters, which Dr. Morc could get through and mist-it might be the mist above the sea. Here understand like A.B.C. and there blue wreaths rose from the land, and the shepherds gave them the names of towns-so far away that their very smoke was strange to see. To the north the scenery was absolutely different for we could see little or nothing more than a hos of mountain tops with deep chasms between them as if they had been tumbled down together with out order, but as thick as they could stand Strangely fantastic shapes had these mountains and they were all different. The peak or th Then I was to lose the summer likewise, being long weak and not able to go on with hard workand close reading is not easy work. Moreover, I seemed to grow like a rush bush in a bog, day by day perceptibly; and thus attained, in my own mind, a sort of artificial consequence and importance, very probably common to all boys, as they bid farewell for ever and for ever to boyhood's days and dreams. The THE EMIGRANTS. full round top were uncommon. Generally they seemed to have been roughly used; and half torn up into jagged fragments, giving at first the idea of pain, and by and by of strength. They had little or no vegetation on their bare, grey, and hard tops; but where we could see far down upon them, the reddish heath with green broom and furze began first, and then the dark green pines. It might be possible that, seeing the world, as it were, made me a little more ambitious-helped to stretch the mind, and I could not clear my self from the thought that the few keepers and the shepherds who passed their days among these hills, saw more of life than the ploughmen on the inland farms; but it was only seeing, for their trade was lonely, while every day was not clear, dry, and warm. The tempests shook cut their strength upon the bills before they crept down' baffled and exhausted, to the glens. Never theless, they came only slightly during my soAt that time stories journ at the Upper Burn. were commonly told of clearances far to the north, beyond the great belt of mountains. The people of entire parishes were ordered out of Still, their homes, according to these legends. it was hoped that the narratives might be worse than the realities, only I heard the people speaking of the matter as a sore calamity; and it was said that similar schemes would be tried in our quarter. So one day a man came with a notice that there would be a sale of plenishing and stock, at a farm ten miles to the west, on another Laird's ground, and in another parish. It was said that the Laird, being a peer and never so rich, wanted out the people of the farm, because it stood close to the side of a deer forest that be had constructed. The making of these deer forests is the easiest thing imaginable. You have just to turn a Lumber of families out of their homes and way of life-and do nothing. The ground does not need to be sown with salt, as in China. It grows all wild herbs in profusion; but some years pass before they can fully hide the traces of man. It is useless to do more than unroof the houses and fling down the walls. The grass grows up among the stones and conceals them. Wild berry bushes get into the garden ground, and mantle over every vestige of man with a living green. Many years, however, pass before everything be fairly covered up and forgotten. CHAPTER XXI. WHEN the day came, I went to the sale with some of the neighbours, not to buy, but to see; for I had nothing wherewith to pay, and was totally out of Still, I had been obeying Mr. the need of stock. Petrie's last injunctions, and reading my books, as I would have done if that worthy man had still Therefore, I He was sup exercised personal power over me. thought, as Terence said, homo sum, but the assertion stuck on my mind as being false in the circumstances; yet, not being the only boy in the world, I got justified to myself for the journey in that way. Moreover, being curious to see a strange land minutely, that argument came to my help. The good man and good wife of Upper Burn had known David Campbell by name, and, in some measure, by sight, for many years. posed not to be bare in the world, and the stock for sale confirmed the idea that he was not a penny behind with his rent. The roads were bad, and we spent three hours in partly riding there. The farm of Braeside was just what the name implied. It stretched over a vast quantity of land, of which the better portions were in crop, other parts in grass, and the larger proportion in heath. The cottages for the shepherds seemed comfortable in their way, and the farm-buildings were not old, but they were large. The great man had to pay a huge sum of money for them at the break in the lease, as I supposed; but he was so rich that it must have been a relief to get quit of some such sum, or he would not have thrown down the good houses, merely that the deer might not be frightened by the sheep and their keepers. The farmer would have paid more rent, if that had been wished, for the ground, but the answer to all applications on that subject was that Campbell would do better in Australia. He had, not for that reason, but with the determination of being independent of lairds' whims, decided to go to Australia. The four or five shepherds with their families had agreed to accompany him, so that the auctioneer was enabled to say that this was a clear sale, without reserve, of everything that could be moved from Braeside. As I conjectured, there time of life interested were several my persons of in the sale. There were young Campbells at the big house, and other young people at the smaller houses, and everyone of them seemed out of heart. The upbreaking of a household by public roup is a thoughtful thing, if rightly considered. All the odds and ends, and bits of furniture, not worth much set in a new place, seem thrown away; and yet they have all some association connected with Mrs. Campbell, the them, it may be, to those who sell, and none, probably, to the buyers. elder, was the farmer's mother; and she had lived on Braeside since she was married, where he was born, and all her other children; and there the old "Braeside" had died, and he was lifted from that house. She could not bear to see the scattering of all that she had lived to collect, and had gone away some days before with the younger children to the place from which they were to sail for a new world. The shepherds were all married men also and had families, and when that day's work was over, they were all to go their way for the night to some distant neighbours, on their road also to the deep seas. The displenishing of the big house was a distressing thing to the younger Mrs. Campbell, seeing that she had expected to live there all her days; for Braeside was within sight of Greyhill, and that was half way to Upper Burn-and she was the elder of the family at Greyhill. Thus, in a sense, she could have said like the Shunamite woman-that she dwelt among her own people, and neither wanted to be introduced to court nor courtier. And she was sore put out when the last cow in the byre was brought out for sale-a white and black cow -for the creature saw her and lowed so uncommon wise-like, that folks thought the beast was taking leave of its mistress. The auctioneer seemed to know them all well; and saw that the mistress would rather not sell that cow, for it is curious how in these hill places some dumb animals are greater favourites than others--and so he said "I suppose, Mr. Campbell, I can get nothing off this beast; she'll be better sent to Greyhill." The farmer was a proud sort of man, and did not like to seem down-hearted among neigbours or as if he were vexed; but he said "Well, I suppose she must be sent wi' the ponies." And the sale was ended-except the little sales down at the shepherds' houses. It was like enough that there also some of the beasts would have been kept, if poor folk had not needed money for such a long journey; and besides they had no Greyhill. There were two motherless children who dwelt with their father, and he had three or four sheep, or "may be more. When everything else was sold that belonged to himexcept the children's mother's chest, and such things as were to be needed on the voyage, a lamb of that year and his two girls-little things of four or five years old-were missing. And when they were found beneath some bushes a short way from the houses, they had the little lamb cowering between them-with ropes of wild flowers round its neck; and they were sore distressed when the men came to lead it away. The people at the sale were all sorry for the children and their pet lamb, for all the other children had mothers, and their's was gone. Mrs. Campbell was riding one of the ponies down the brae to Greyhill, and not by the way of the sale, for she bad left her first house of her own and all its bien appurtenances, and was cast down and waesome; but one of her boys ran over from the crowd to her, and we heard him crying, "Mother, they're sellin' awa frae them Elsie an' Nannie Lang's wee lamb!" In one or two minutes the boy came running back, and when the lamb was put up for sale he bade the full price, and nobody bade on him, so it was sold; but some time after I heard that Mrs. Campbell persuaded her husband to let the children's pet go out with some of the best sheep that be had kept for his Australian farm. I heard little more of the Braeside fitting, except on the way to Upper Burn. Old Samuel Coutts greatly disliked the proceeding, and, as usual with him, quoted Scrip ture against those who add field to field. However applicable the text may be, that was the first of many clearings in the same quarter, until a country side was cleared out, and a large Kirkyard has grown like a jungle, for the weeds hide all the stones. Years after I met with Elsie Lang-many years after-but where, or how, can be told at the proper time. CHAPTER XXII. THE HEIRS OF BLINKBONNIE. SUMMER passed and autumn was wearing away, when my place of abode was changed. Ere then I became acquainted with all the curious points in the history of the heirs of Blink bonnie. They were traced in the dream, which rests on no higher authority than that of Dr. More; for it may be easily supposed that I never inquired the particulars of such a man as Mr. Rose, of Blinkbonnie, H.E.I.C.S. That would have been impossible. Also, being opposed to inquisitive habits into other people's business, doings, or dreams, all my life over, I learned every particular without prying into things that did not concern me, in any other way than in my affection for the memory of the dead. The history of the Blink bonnie heirship might be put into a short paragraph. Mr. Rose was born in the north country. He was one of a numerous family who all died young, that is before they had gone out into the world, except Miss Rose and himself. When their father and mother died, they removed to Edinburgh, and dwelt there for some time; while the brother completed certain studies. Miss Rose had been acquainted with, and one may say attached to, a Mr. Cameron, from the same country, before the death of her parents. He was the younger son of, I believe, the younger son of a proud Laird, who boasted of his relationship, as second cousin, to the great Lochiel. Mr. Rose was only an annuitant. Mrs. Rose possessed a very small property. Miss Rose was therefore respectable, but not rich. On that account, young Cameron, some years previously, formed the idea of purchasing a property in Canada, and acting as the pioneer of civilisation. He left his native land with that purpose; bought land on the edge of one of the great lakes, built a house, cleared some fields, and returned for his promised bride. They were married in Edinburgh, and Mrs. Cameron parted with her only brother, never in a long life to meet again. He went to India, and their correspondence was regular for many years; yet, one sees how, when the course of post was eighteen months out and in, that letters were less interesting than in our times. Mr. Cameron died, and Mrs. Cameron removed, with her only daughter, to one of the small Canadian towns. There they formed the acquaintance of a wild and young officer, who wa then with his regiment at that station. Miss |