Ethiopic, or Abyssinian, origin of the, 281.
Eudemos, on the Aryan race, 241. Euhemerus, of Messene, his neolo- gian work translated into Latin, by Ennius, 105.
Eulalia, Song of, age of the, 196. Euripides, first translated into Latin, by Ennius, 105.
Ewald, on the relation of the Tura- nian to the Aryan languages, 338. Ezour-Veda, the, 156 note. Ezra, Chaldee fragments in the Book of, 276.
ABIUS PICTOR, his history of Rome in Greek, 104. Fa-hian, the Chinese pilgrim to In- dia, his travels, 149. Families of languages, tests for re- ducing the principal dialects of Europe and Asia to certain, 172. Fatum, original meaning of the name, 21.
Feeble, origin of the word, 123. Feizi and the Brahman, story of, 152. Feu, origin of the French word, 123. Finnic class of languages, 315.
branches of Finnic, 316.
the "Kalewala," the "Iliad " of the Finns, 318.
tribes, original seat of the, 315.
their language and literature, 317.
national feeling lately arisen,
Finnish, peculiarity of its grammar,
Firdusi, language in which he wrote his "Shahnameh," 210. Fire-worshippers. See Parsis. Firoz Shah, translations from San- skrit into Persian, made by order of, 150.
Flaminius, his knowledge of Greek, 103.
Flemish language and literature,
French dialects, number of, 58.
laws of change in the French language, 73.
nominatives and accusatives, 119.
Galla language of Africa, family to which it belongs, 282.
Ganas, the, or lists of remarkable words in Sanskrit, 116.
Garo, formation of adjectives in, 113 note.
Gâthâs, or songs of Zoroaster, 209. Gebelin, Court de, his "Monde Primitif," 140. compared with Hervas, 140. Gees language, 281.
Genitive case, the term used in In- dia, 111.
terminations of the genitive in most cases, identical with the derivative suffixes by which substantives are changed into adjectives, 112.
mode of forming the genitive in Chinese, 118 note. formation of genitives in Latin,
Geometry, origin of the word, 15. German language, history of the,
Gipsies, language of the, 211. Glass, painted, before and since the Reformation, 20.
Gordon, Captain, on the dialects of Burmese, 63.
Goropius, his work written to prove that Dutch was the language spoken in Paradise, 135. Gospel, origin of the word, 122. Gothic, a modern language, 122.
similarity between Gothic and Latin, 127.
origin and history of Sanskrit grammar, 116.
origin of grammatical forms, 120.
historical evidence, 121. collateral evidence, 122. genealogical classification, 124. comparative value of grammar in the classification of lan- guages, 170. comparative grammar, Bopp's Comparative Gram- mar," 214.
origin of grammatical forms, 215.
mode of tracing back the gram- matical framework of the Aryan languages to original independent words, 231-234. result of Bopp's "Comparative Grammar," 234. Aryan grammar, 234. Turkish grammar, 308. Turkic grammar, 309. Grammatici, the, at Rome, 103. Greek language, the, studied and
cultivated by the barbarians, Berosus, Menander, and Ma- netho, 94, 95.
critical study of ancient Greek at Alexandria, 97.
the first practical Greek gram- mar, 100.
generally spoken at Rome, 101.
genitives in Greek, 117. the principle of classification never applied to speech by the Greeks, 124.
Greeks and Barbarians, 125. Plato's notion of the origin of the Greek language, 126. similarity between Greek and Sanskrit, 142.
- affinity between Sanskrit and Greek, 159.
formation of the dative in Greek, 221.
the future in Greek, 230. number of forms each verb in Greek yields, if conjugated through all its voices, tenses, &c., 272 note.
modern, number of the dialects of, 58.
Greeks, their speculations on lan- guages, 89.
the Grammarians, 90.
reasons why the ancient Greeks never thought of learning a foreign language, 92.
first encouragement given by trade to interpreters, 93. imaginary travels of Greek philosophers, 94 note.
the Greek use of the term Bar- barian, 127.
Gregory of Nyssa, St., his defence of St. Basil, 40 note.
Grimm, on the origin of dialects in general, quoted, 60.
on the idiom of nomads, quoted, 71.
his "Teutonic Grammar," 167. Growth of language, 47, 66.
examination of the idea that man can change or improve language, 48.
causes of the growth of lan- guage, 50.
Guichard, Estienne, his work on lan- guage, 132 note. Guebres. See Parsis.
HALHEAD, his remarks on the af- finity between Greek and San- skrit, quoted, 159.
his "Code of Gentoo Laws," 159 note.
Hamilton, Sir W., on the origin of the general and particular in lan- guage, 377 note. Harald Haarfagr, King of Norway, his despotic rule and its conse- quences, 192.
Haru-spex, origin of the name, 259.
Harun-al-Rashid, translations made from Sanskrit works at his court,
Haug, his labors in Zend, 209. Haussa language of Africa, family to which it belongs, 282. Hebrew, idea of the fathers of the
church that it was the prim- itive language of mankind,
amount of learning and inge- nuity wasted on this ques- tion, 133.
Leibniz, the first who really conquered this prejudice, 135. number of roots in, 265. ancient form of the, 280. Aramean modifications of, 280. swept away by Arabic, 281. Hekate, an old name of the moon, 22.
"Heljand," the, of the Low Ger- mans, 178.
Hellenic branch of the Indo-Euro- pean family of languages, 198. Herat, origin of the name, 247. Hermippus, his translation of the works of Zoroaster into Greek, 96. Herodotus, his travels, 94.
on the Pelasgi, 125 note. Hervas, his reduction of the multi- tude of American dialects to eleven families, 63. his list of works published dur- ing the 16th century, on the science of language, 131 note. account of him and of his labors, 139.
compared with Gebelin, 140. his discovery of the Malay and Polynesian family of speech,
Urdu-zeban, the proper name of Hindústání, 316. Hiouen-thsang, the Chinese pilgrim, his travels into India, 149. Hiram, fleet of, 202.
History and language, connection between, 76.
Hliod, or quida, of Norway, 193.
Saemund's collection of, 193. Hoei-seng, the Chinese pilgrim to India, his travels, 149. Homer, critical study of, at Alex- andria, 97.
influence of the critical study
of, on the development of grammatical terminology, 98. Horace, on the changes Latin had undergone in his time, 67. Hors, origin of the French word, 123.
House, name for in Sanskrit, and
other Aryan languages, 236, and
Humanity, the word not to be found in Plato or Aristotle, 128. Humboldt, Alex. von, on the limits of exact knowledge, quoted, 29. Humboldt, William von, his patron- age of Comparative Philology,
Hungarians, ancestors of the, 320. language of the, 320, 321.
its affinity to the Ugro-Finnic dialects, 321.
Huron Indians, rapid changes in the dialects of the, 62. Hyades, origin of the word, 17.
IBN-WA AHSHIYYAH, the Chaldean,
his Arabic translation of "the Nabatean Agriculture," 279. account of him and his works, 279 note.
Iceland, foundation of an aristocratic republic in, 192.
intellectual and literary activity of the people of, 192.
Iceland, later history of, 193. Icelandic language, 190.
Iconium, Turkish, sultans of, 307. Illumination of Manuscripts, lost art of, 20.
Illyrians, Greek and Roman writers on the race and language of the, 126 note.
Illyrian language, the ancient, 196
Illyrian languages, 200. India, the Mulla Abdu-l-Kádir Ma- luk's general history of, 151
origin of the name of India, 228.
Indian Philosophers, difficulty of ad- mitting the influence of, on Greek philosophers, 94 note. Indies, East and West, historical meaning of the names, 227. Indo-European family of languages. See Aryan.
Inflectional stage of language, 324. Instrumental, formation of the, in Chinese, 119 note, 218. Interjectional theory of roots, 367. Interpreters, first encouragement given to, by trade, 93. Irán, modern name of Persia, origin of the, 242.
Iranic class of languages, 205. Iron, name for, in Sanskrit and Gothic, 236.
Iron, the Os of the Caucasus calling themselves, 243.
Italian dialects, number of, 58, 197. natural growth of, 67.
real sources of, 69. Italians, the, indebted to the Greeks for the very rudiments of civiliza- tion, 101.
Italic class of languages, 196.
Italy, dialects spoken in, before the Language, science of, one of the
Its, as a possessive pronoun, intro- duction of, 46.
JEROME, ST., his opinion that He-
brew was the primitive language of mankind, 132.
Jews, literary idiom of the, in the century preceding and following the Christian era, 277.
physical sciences, 11, 31.
modern date of the science of,
names of the science of, 14. meaning of the science of, 14.
little it offers to the utilitarian spirit of our age, 20. modern importance of the sci- ence of, in political and social questions, 22.
the barrier between man and beast, 23.
Language, importance of the science Language, glance at the modern
highly civilized nations, 45. growth of, 47.
the idea that man can change or improve language exam- ined, 48.
causes of the growth of, 50. processes of the growth of:- 1. phonetic decay, 51. 2. dialectical regeneration, 58. laws of change in, 73. futile attempts of single gram- marians and purists to im- prove, 75.
connection between language and history, 77.
independent of historical events, 79.
no possibility of a mixed, 82. the Empirical Stage in the his- torical progress of the science of, 87.
speculations of the Brahmans and Greeks, 87.
the classificatory stage of, 115. empirical or formal grammar,
history of language, 173. distinction between the radical
and formal elements of, 215. constituent elements of, 250. morphological classification, 275, 286.
the inflectional stage of, 324. consideration of the problem of a common origin of lan- guages, 326 et seq.
former theories, 345.
proper method of inquiry, 347. man and brutes, faculties of, 350. the difference between man and brute, 354.
the inward power of which lan- guage is the outward sign and manifestation, 355. universal ideas, 356.
general ideas and roots, 356. the primum cognitum and pri- mum appellatum, 370. knowing and naming, 378. language and reason, 383. sound and thought, 384. natural selection of roots, 386. nothing arbitrary in language,
origin and confusion of tongues,
the radical stage of language, 285, 286.
the terminational stage, 285, 288.
the inflectional stage, 285. Languages, number of known, 35. teaching of foreign languages comparatively a modern in- vention, 91.
reason why the ancient Greeks never learned foreign lan- guages, 91.
"The Mountain of Languages,"
genealogical classification of,
tests for reducing the principal dialects in Europe and Asia to certain families of languages,
genealogical classification not applicable to all languages, 174.
radical relationship, 176. comparative grammar, 214.
« PreviousContinue » |