LAN

Languages, formal and radical ele-
ments of, 216.

all formal elements of language
originally substantial, 228.
degrees of relationship of, 284.
all languages reducible in the
end to roots, 286.

Langue d'Oil, ancient song in the,
196.

Laps, or Laplanders, 319.
their habitat, 319.
their language, 319.
Latin, what is meant by, 67.
changes in, according to Poly-
bius, 67.

the old Salian poems, 67.
provincialisms of Cicero, 67.
stagnation of Latin when it be-
came the language of civiliza-
tion, 68.

Latin genitives, 117.
similarity between Gothic and
Latin, 127.

genealogical relation of Latin
to Greek, 172.

the future in Latin, 230.
Leibniz, the first to conquer the pre-
judice that Hebrew was the
primitive language of man-
kind, 135.

and the first to apply the prin-
ciple of inductive reasoning
to the subject of language,
135.

his letter to Peter the Great,
quoted, 136.

his labors in the science of lan-
guage, 137.

his various studies, 138.

on the formation of thought
and language, quoted, 373.
Lesbos, dialects of the island of,
59.

Lettic language, the, 199.

Lewis, Sir Cornewall, his criticisms

on the theory of Raynouard, 171.
Linnæus, his system, although im-
perfect, important to science, 26.
Literary languages, origin of, 65.

inevitable decay of, 68.
Lithuanian language, the, 199.

the oldest document in, 199.
Livius Andronicus, 104.

his translation of the Odyssey
into Latin verse, 104.
Livonians, dialect of the, 318.

MEN

Locative, formation of the, in all the
Aryan languages, 219.

in Chinese, 119 note, 218.
in Latin, 220.

Locke, John, on language as the
barrier between man and
brutes, quoted, 24.

on universal ideas, quoted,
356.

his opinion on the origin of
language, 40.

Lord, origin of the word, 122.
Lord's Prayer, number of languages
in which it was published by va-
rious authors in the 16th century,
131 note.

Lucilius, his book on the reform of
Latin orthography, 109.
Lucina, a name of the moon, 21.
Luna, origin of the name, 21.
Lusatia, language of, 200.
Lycurgus, his travels mythical, 94.

MEN

Ment, origin of the termination in
French adverbs, 55.
Mescheräks, tribe of the, their pres-
ent settlements, 304.
Milton, John, number of words used
by, in his works, 267.
Ming-ti, the Emperor of China, al-
lows the introduction of Bud-
dhism into his empire, 147.
sends officials to India to study
the doctrines of Buddha, 148.
Missionaries, their importance in
elucidating the problem of the
dialectical life of language, 62.
Moallakat, or "suspended poems,"
of the Arabs, 281.

Moffat, Rev. Robert, on the dialects
of Southern Africa, 64.
Monboddo, Lord, on language as the
barrier between man and
brutes, quoted, 24.

his Ancient Metaphysics"
quoted. 160 and note.
Mongolian dialects, entering a new
phase of grammatical life, 64.
Mongolian class of languages, 296.
grammar of, 323.

Mongols, their original seat, 296.
three classes of them, 296.
their conquests, 297.

dissolution of the empire, 299.
their present state, 300.
their language, 300.

Moon, antiquity of the word, 16.
Moravia, devastated by the Mon-
gols, 299.

Mortal, origin of the word, 382.
Much and Very, distinction between,

OS

Nebuchadnezzar, his name stamped
on all the bricks made during his
reign, 283.

Neo-Latin dialects, 196.
Neuro, the, of Constantinus
Porphyrogeneta, 91 note.
Nestorians of Syria, forms and pres-
ent condition of their language,
276, note.

Nicopolis, battle of, 307.
No and nay, as used by Chaucer, 225.
Nobili, Roberto de, 155.

his study of Sanskrit, 155.
Nogái tribes, history of the, 303.
Nomad languages, 290.

indispensable requirements of
a nomad language, 292.
wealth of, 71.

nomadic tribes and their wars,
315.

their languages, 316.
Nominalism and Realism, contro-
versy between, in the Middle Ages,

22.
Norman words in the English lan-
guage, proportion of, to Saxon
words, 84.

Norway, poetry of, 192.

the hlod or quida, 193.

the two Eddas, 191-194.
Norwegian language, stagnation of
the, 70.

Number of known languages, 35.

OBSOLETE words and senses since

the translation of the Bible in
1611, 45.

Onomatopoieia, theory of, 358.
Ophir of the Bible, 203.
Origen, his opinion that Hebrew was
the primitive language of man-
kind, 132.

Origin of language, consideration
of the problem of the common,
326 et seq.
Ormuzd, the god of the Zoroastrians,
mentioned by Plato, 207.

- discovery of the name Aura-
mazda in the cuneiform in-
scriptions, 207.

origin of the name Auramazda
or Ormuzd, 207.

Os, the, of Ossethi, calling them-
selves Iron, 243.

OSC

Oscan language and literature, the,

196.

Osmanli language, the, 301, 306.
Ostiakes, dialects of the, 63.
Owl-glass, stories of, 260.

PALI, once the popular dialect of
Behar, 146.

Panatius, the Stoic philosopher at
Rome, 107.

Pânini, Sanskrit grammar of, 116.
Pantomime, the, and the King, story
of, 368.

Paolino de San Bartolomeo, Fra,
first Sanskrit grammar published
by, 142, 158.

Paradise, languages supposed by
various authors to have been
spoken in, 135, 136.
Parsi, period when it was spoken in
Persia, 210.

Parsis, or fire-worshippers, the an-
cient, 205.

their prosperous colony in Bom-
bay, 205.

their various emigrations, 205

note.

ΡΤΟ

Persian, subsequent history of Per-
sian, 210.

Peshito, meaning of the word, 276

note.

Philolaus, the Pythagorean, his
guess on the motion of the earth
round the sun, 29.
Philology, comparative, science of,
31.

a historical science, 32.
aim of the science, 81.
Phoenician, closely allied to Hebrew,
280.

Plato, his notion of the origin of the
Greek language, 126.

on Zoroaster, quoted. 206 note.
Plautus, Greek words in the plays
of, 104.

all his plays mere adaptations
of Greek originals, 104.
Pleiades, the, origin of the word, 17.
Poland invaded by the Mongols,

Kisilbash of, 302.

Persian language, 83.

influence of the, over the Turk-
ish language, 83.

the ancient Persian language.
See Zend, Zend-avesta.

SAN

Sanskrit, history of the, language,
146.

doubts as to its age and authen-
ticity examined, 147.
accounts given by writers of
various nations who became
acquainted with the language
and literature of India, 148.
the Muhammedans in India,
and their translations of San-
skrit works into Arabic and
Persian, 149.

European Missionaries, 155.
studies and work of Frederick
Schlegel, 164.

importance of the discovery of,
in the classification of lan-
guages, 172.

its genealogical relation to
Greek and Latin, 172.
antiquity of, 202.

Iranic languages, relation to,

SIS

Sciences, the necessity that science
should answer some practical
purpose, 19.

the classificatory stage, 25.
the theoretical or metaphysical
stage, 28.

impulses received by the physi-
cal sciences from the philos-
opher and poet, 29.

difference between physical and
historical science, 32.

Scipios, influence of the "Cosmo-
politan Club" at the house of the,
107.

Scythian words mentioned by Greck
writers, 243.

Semitic family of languages, 43.
study of, 131.

constituent elements of the, 272.
divisions of the Semitic family
of speech, 275.
Aramaic class, 276.
Hebraic class, 280.
Arabic class, 281.

intimate relations of the three
classes to each other, 281.
Berber dialects, 282.

the Semitic and Aryan, the
only families of speech de-
serving that title, 282.
genealogical table, 396.
Senior, the title, 226.
Septuagint, the, and Ptolemy Phila-
delphus, 96 note.

Serpent, origin of the word, 380.
Shakespeare, William, total number
of words used by, in his plays,
267.

Siberia, Tungusic tribes of, 296.

Turkic tribes settled there, in,
304.
dialects, 304.

Sibulla, meaning of the word, 103

note.

Sibylla of Cuma, oracles of the,
written in Greek, 103.
Sigfusson. See Saemund.
Sigismund, the Emperor, and the
Bohemian schoolmaster, anecdote
of, 47.

Silesia invaded by the Mongols,
299.

Sir, origin of the word, 226, 227.
Siriane tribes, their habitat, 320.

their language, 319.
Sister, origin of, 57.