work paid so well that people did little else; and while the New Why Maryland had no Englanders were spinning and weaving and sawing and whittling, manufacthe people of Maryland were rolling their hogsheads of tobacco tures to the wharves, and sending them to England to buy whatever they needed to wear and to use in their houses. With whole forests at hand, the Marylanders made nothing for themselves, but sent the wood to England to be manufactured into tables, stools, bowls, and brooms, and brought back to them.

the lack of

People living on large plantations cannot have their houses near together, and this is the chief reason why there were so few Reason for towns in Maryland even after many settlers had come. Each towns plantation, however, was like a little town in itself. There were wide fields of tobacco all around, cabins for the workmen, a chapel, storehouses, and in the centre of all the great, comfortable house of the owner of the plantation. In these rather lonely places, the people at the "great house" were always glad to welcome guests. The homes of the planters are free for all to come and go," said one who knew them well.

66

Puritan rebellion

In a short time there were troubles in Maryland, which arose chiefly because the Virginians did not wish to have a colony so near. Some years later a rebellion broke out among the Puritans against the governor. They were especially ungrateful because, as was said, Lord Baltimore had given them the same rights that he had given to the people of his own church. The Puritans were in power in England, and the man who was then Lord Baltimore was declared to have no claim upon Maryland.

A few years later his rights were restored, and for thirty years Changes of every man went to church where he pleased. Then the king government took the government into his own hands, and the Roman Catholics were obliged to pay forty pounds of tobacco apiece every year to help support the Episcopal Church. Finally a Protestant descendant of the founder was appointed governor, and his family held the province until the Revolution.

SUMMARY.

The Quaker, William Penn, obtained a grant of land in America and founded Philadelphia. People of all kinds of belief came to enjoy religious freedom. The city soon became the largest in the colonies. Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore as a place of refuge for Roman Catholics who were persecuted in England.

Religious freedom was given to all who chose to come.

Maryland had few manufactures because tobacco-raising paid so well that people bought whatever was needed, and few towns because each man wished to have a large plantation for raising tobacco.

SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITTEN WORK.

A Quaker boy describes his cave in the banks of the Delaware.
Penn tells the Indians of his wish to be on good terms with them.

One Indian tells another about the coming of the great ship.

XII

THE CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA

NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA.

THE father of Charles II. treated his people so badly that finally he was tried and put to death. For eleven years there was no The grant of king in England, and then Charles II. was set upon the throne. the Caroli

The men who had helped him to secure his father's crown expected to be rewarded, but Charles preferred to spend his money in amusing himself. The cheapest thing to do was to give them some land in America, and this he did. To a company of eight he gave the land between Virginia and Saint Augustine. Like the other grants, this territory was to extend to the west as far as the Pacific.

nas

TLANTIC

OCEAN

St. Augustine

SCALE OF MILES

0

50

Carolina was not all wilder- MAP OF THE CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA ness, for a few farmers had come from Virginia and settled near Albemarle Albemarle Sound, not far from Roanoke Island, where Raleigh had tried to begin his "second home" for the English nation. In 1663 the Company gave the little group of houses the name of Albemarle. This was the first permanent settlement in North Carolina.

The first settlement in South Carolina was made in 1670, near

Charleston

nots

where Charleston now stands, by English emigrants whom the Company sent over. Just as Jamestown had been named in honor of King James, so this settlement was named in honor of King Charles II.

South Carolina was especially fortunate in the Huguenot, or The Hugue French Protestant, emigrants who came to the new colony in the early days. The king of France declared that they should not have a church of their own in France, and that if they tried to emigrate, they should be hanged. Those who came to America had to steal away by night and abandon their homes and other property, but when they reached the New World, every colony had a welcome for them. Massachusetts gladly gave them land and money. They were valuable colonists, for they understood various kinds of manufactures, and, more than that, they were brave, upright, intelligent people, a prize for any nation.

The Grand
Model

In England a learned man named John Locke wrote a body

to be tenants, who rented land, but could never buy it. They must do whatever the nobleman bade, and they must not leave his land without permission. The Company were so delighted with this body of laws that they called it the "Grand Model," and declared that it would stand forever. In reality, it never stood

at all, for the settlers refused to be ruled in any such fashion, and insisted upon buying land and making laws for themselves.

North Carolina had vast forests of pines, and the chief occupa

tion of the colonists was cutting timber and making tar The chief industries and turpentine. South Carolina had great tracts of swampy land, and as soon as it was found that rice would grow on it, the raising of rice became the principal work. Long before the Revolutionary War, it was discovered that indigo would flourish in South Carolina, and that paid so well that indigo raising then became the leading industry. It was not easy for white people to work in the swamps, and negro slaves were brought from Africa. The occupations of the two parts of Caro- Division of the Carolilina were so unlike and the first settlements so far apart, that what one portion of the country wanted was often quite different from what the other required. The result of this was that the territory was finally divided into two parts, North and South Carolina.

RICE

nas

GEORGIA.

There used to be a law in England that men who could not pay their debts should be put into prison. In prison they must stay unless some one paid for them, for there they had no way of earning money. Indeed, they had little food unless their friends gave it to them or they could. beg it from those who passed by. Many of these "poor debtors" were honest men who had run in debt because of sickness. Some were even well educated.

Poor debtors