*We have twenty guns and two hundred and fifty men; they have one hundred and twenty guns and one thousand men."

Still Stuyvesant would not yield. The ships sailed into the North River, and the governor marched up the road at the head New York of his men to prevent the troops from landing. The citizens begged him not to fire. Women and children crowded around him and pleaded with him not to bring war upon them. He yielded, but he said, "I'd rather be carried to my grave." So it came about that New Amsterdam was no longer a Dutch town. It lost even its name, for the English king gave the territory to his brother, the Duke of York, and in 1664 New Amsterdam became New York.

Nicolls remained as governor. He was a just, kindhearted man, always ready to please the people. When he was obliged to go back to England, the New Yorkers were as sorry as if they themselves had chosen him for their governor. Honest, positive old Governor Stuyvesant and this gentle, courteous Governor Nicolls became warm friends. Stuyvesant lived on his "bowery" on the East River, and the man whom he would have fought to the death was one of his most welcome guests.

Governor Nicolls was much pleased with the northern part of what is now New Jersey. He sent a colony there when he had been in New York only a few months, but before the colonists were fairly settled, he learned that the Duke of York had given away the land to two noblemen, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Hold on to your homes," said Governor Nicolls. I am going to England, and I will beg the duke not to give up the land."

66

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The visit was of no use, and one day in 1664 an English vessel appeared in the harbor. The colonists stood in a group on the

New Jersey

is given

away

teret

Philip Car- river bank, not knowing whether they would be treated kindly or driven harshly away from their settlement. A small boat was rowed to the landing, and a young man sprang ashore. Tradition says that he had hoe on his shoulder. He introduced himself as Philip Carteret, a cousin of Sir George, and made a cordial little speech to the settlers, saying that he was glad to find them

STUYVESANT'S BOWERY HOUSE

there, and he hoped they would stay. He told them how much land he would give them, and promised that every man might worship God as he thought right.

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The colonists liked the young man. They had built four clapboarded houses," and, crowded as they were, room was made for Philip and his men. This is the way in which the town of Elizabeth

was begun. The name was that of Sir George's wife. New Jersey's name came from the island of Jersey, of which Sir George Carteret had once been governor.

Not many years passed before Lord Berkeley sold his share of The Quakers New Jersey to the Quakers. Some time afterwards they purbuy New

Jersey

chased the share of the Carterets also. In 1702 East and West Jersey were united and became a royal colony.

SUMMARY.

Henry Hudson, sailing for a Dutch company, discovered the Hudson River.
New York was first settled by the Dutch fur traders, and was called New
Amsterdam. Patroons received large estates along the Hudson.
England claimed the land because of Cabot's voyage, seized it, and gave to
both city and province the name New York.

Delaware was settled by the Swedes, and afterwards was seized in turn by

the Dutch and the English.

New Jersey was settled by the Dutch, then by colonists under Carteret and
Berkeley, then by Quakers. Finally it became a royal colony.

SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITTEN WORK.

Stuyvesant describes the surrender of New Amsterdam.
A patroon tries to persuade a man to come to America.

A talk between Governor Printz and some sailors who wished to go up the
Delaware.

XI

PENNSYLVANIA AND MARYLAND

PENNSYLVANIA.

SETTLEMENTS had already been

liam Penn

made in New England, New York, The boy Wil
and Delaware when the boy was
born who was to hold more land in
America than any other man had
ever received. His name was Wil-
liam Penn, and he was the son of
an admiral of the British navy.
When the boy grew older, he was
very handsome. He was an excel-
lent scholar, and spoke five or six
languages. He was fond of out-
of-door sports, rode well, danced
well, was a good swordsman, and
a favorite wherever he went.

Admiral Penn was exceedingly proud of his brilliant son. He

Penn will

not remove his hat to the king

sent him to Oxford University, and made many plans for his career after he had graduated. By and by news came to the admiral that the young man had become a Quaker, and that he was getting into trouble at the University because he thought it was wrong to attend the church service and because he persisted in saying thee and thou instead

A QUAKER1

hats in deference to any one)

of you. The Quakers, or Friends, did not think it right to speak to one person as you, since you is a plural pronoun, although by most people it was thought as impertinent to say thou to an older person as it would be to-day to call him by his first name.

The admiral was angry and disappointed. One thing that seemed especially shocking to (The Quakers refused to remove their him was his son's refusal to take off his hat, even to the king. The king himself was not at all annoyed. He thought this whim of young Penn's, as he called it, was very amusing, and when the handsome young man stood before him, hat on head, the king took off his own hat. "Friend Charles," asked the Quaker, "why dost thou take off thy hat?" "Wherever I go," answered the king, with a sly twinkle in his eye, "it is the custom for only one man to wear a hat." William Penn liked a jest as well as any one, and he must have been amused at this speech, but he continued to wear his hat.

Advanced ideas of the Quakers

In some important matters the Friends were wiser than the rest of the world; for instance, in England a man might be hanged for stealing a loaf of bread, but the Friends believed that it was far better to punish him in some other way than by taking his life. In those days most people thought that insane persons could be cured by beating and starving, but Penn believed in 1 From a portrait of Nicholas Waln in Watson's Annals of Philadelphia.

having hospitals for them and treating them kindly. He thought no one should be imprisoned for debt; and, so far as is known, he was the first man in the world to declare that criminals ought to have work provided for them when they were imprisoned, and not spend their time in idleness and in learning more of evil from the other prisoners. Another idea of his, which was then Penn's own almost unheard of, was that nations, instead of going to war when ideas they disagreed, should let their rulers meet and act as a council to settle any dispute. It is probable that many who were opposed to the Quakers did not think so much of the difference of belief in important affairs as of what seem to us very small matters, such as refusing to take off the hat, and saying thee and thou. There were Quakers in New Jersey, and for some time Penn thought of founding a settlement in

America where his people could live in peace and not be fined or beaten or imprisoned. Charles II. owed Admiral Penn a large sum of money, and when the admiral died, William Penn offered to accept instead of the money a tract of land in America. The king was glad enough to escape from paying the debt. He thought it very amusing that this young Quaker would take wild forest land instead of such a sum of money, and it may be that there was a touch of humor in the name which he gave it,

CHARLES II.

given in honor of the admiral. More amusing still did it seem to the merry King Charles to send Quakers, who did not believe in fighting, off among the savages.