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PALESTINE

ILLUSTRATING THE

OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS.
ACCORDING TO PALESTINE EXPLORATION SURVEY.

BY J. BARTHOLOMEW, F. R.G. S.

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Bible and Ancient Names engraved in strong letters Cana of Galilee
Modern Names in hairline italics, thus
(Kefr Kenna)

Under 600 feet tinted

Under the level of the Sea tinted
Railway shown thus

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oldalah Ajalon
warah dihat

Shimron

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SEA OF
GALILEE,

R.Jordan

isr Bengt Yakub

Brof Jacobs Daughters)

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L. OF GENNESARET,
Magdala
Mejdel SEA OF
CHINNERETH
(Bahr Tubariya)
TIBERIAS, Rakkath
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Hammath

Hammam Ibrahim

Zer
Cama of Galilee

Gath Hepher Kerr Kem
Nel Mesited

ain of

amaim

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din Mahil
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NAZARETH Daberath
Maralalen Nasirah) Deburic
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The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

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British Miles

BETHLEHEM
(Beit-lahm)

36

John Bartholomew & Co.

30'

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THE LAND AND THE BOOK.

I.

JAFFA.

Arrival at Jaffa.-Difficulty of Landing.-First View of the Land of Promise.-Main Thoroughfare.-Biârah.—Antiquity of Jaffa.—Andromeda and Perseus.-M. Scaurus. -Modern Jaffa.-Dangerous Roadstead.-Sawulf.-The Prophet Jonah.-Whales in the Mediterranean.-Jonah's Gourd.-Tarshish.-Pious Language of the Orientals.-Jonah in Nineveh.-Preparations for the Journey.-Gardens of Jaffa.-Persian Water-wheel.-Shadûf.—Methods of Irrigation.-Water-wheel at Hamath.-Watering with the Foot.-Fruits of Jaffa.-How best to observe in Palestine.- Moses's View of the Promised Land.-Oriental Fair.-Dorcas.-City Gate, and Biblical Allusions to it.—Saracenic Fountain.-Wanderings through the City.-Jaffa and its Surroundings.-House of Simon the Tanner.-Tanneries.-Potter and Wheel.-Custom of breaking Defiled Vessels.-Sherd at the Hearth and the Pit.-Palestine the Home of the Bible.-Mission of Biblical Poets.—Analysis of the First Psalm.—Natural Basis of our Religious Language.

April 4th.

I HAVE been here for several days awaiting your arrival, watching the weather with no little anxiety, and fearing lest the sea should be too rough to permit of a landing, in which case you would have been taken up to Haifa or even Beirût.

That would have been a serious inconvenience to us both; and, indeed, the captain, after we left Port Said, thought it would very likely occur. And even when anchored in this most unquiet of roadsteads, the prospect of getting on shore was far from encouraging. Only one boat came out to us, and that was so tossed and buffeted by the waves, that it was nearly impossible to get into it, and not a little dangerous afterwards.

A not uncommon experience. But the storm is now over, you

are safe on land, and we may count upon fair weather for some time to come. Let us extricate ourselves from this noisy multitude around the landing. Give your keys to our energetic cook, Salîm, and, with the assistance of the porters, he will pass your baggage through the Custom-house, and bring it out to our pleasant quarters in one of Jaffa's far-famed orange gardens.

My first view of this Land of Promise has been gloomy and discouraging to the last degree. A long low reach of featureless coast, dimly visible through the spray from angry waves, was all that could be seen at early dawn, as we approached. Not a hill, nor a house, nor even a boat, relieved the dismal solitude, until we reached this tumultuous roadstead in front of the town. I can readily believe, however, that in a calm, clear day Jaffa and its immediate surroundings would present a very pretty and smiling prospect, and striking appearance to one approaching from the sea; so I shall make haste to dismiss my first impressions, and with other eyes look upon these scenes as fancy drew and colored them in early boyhood; and even if every prospect does not please, I am resolved to be content with things as I find them, and make the best of them.

A sensible resolution, and one which will not demand any extraordinary amount of self-control to observe; for there are within the borders of the Holy Land lofty mountains covered with snow; hills and valleys and wide plains carpeted with gay flowers; lakes, rivers, and streams baptized with beauty; and sacred sites and scenes innumerable, and of the very deepest interest.

New and strange they certainly are, at any rate. This street along which we are threading our way, with some difficulty and a little danger, is a genuine novelty.

It is Jaffa's one thoroughfare, through which nearly all her commerce to and from the sea has to pass; and as it is narrow, and crooked, and crowded, one must keep a sharp lookout, to avoid unpleasant collisions.

Of that we have already been admonished more than once. We were nearly run down by a huge bale of goods, borne along on poles by eight stout porters, keeping step to a monotonous chant. Our next encounter was with Bedawîn Arabs carrying long spears,

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