PALESTINE ILLUSTRATING THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS. BY J. BARTHOLOMEW, F. R.G. S. Bible and Ancient Names engraved in strong letters Cana of Galilee Under 600 feet tinted Under the level of the Sea tinted oldalah Ajalon Shimron Adamal SEA OF R.Jordan isr Bengt Yakub Brof Jacobs Daughters) Beths da Julias L. OF GENNESARET, Hammam Ibrahim Zer Gath Hepher Kerr Kem ain of amaim Nahallal din Mahil Lasharon (Saronag Jahneel The Great Plain of Dedrasion Valery Lon Basha 1682 f w.es ΠΙΣΙΝΟ ΤΩ GO LEAN AULA N Semakh (Kefy el Ma Redesh Medicerer Harib Dabbusch Nekeb Setyule Kerak Beth Shemesh BH.Shemain Samrah Heromax Amathaesel Hammeh) Bukkad Abdin Nahr Yarmuk Pilgrims ad from Mecca Nova, Raphon (Rafe) (Derb el Haj Merjany Aere Sunamein A N ARGOB Dathema, or Dametha (Dameh TRACHONITIS (El Lejjah) Zora 33 Kunawat Batanæ a Wel Ghair Ashtaroth Karnaim W. Talid URA Tell el Ashary) ElMezeirib Edrei HA (Ed Derdah Amrawah Tell e Shehab Abila Betonim. N "Tibneh Mahnah Abu Ketr Abil Beit Adis Jedeideh W. Warran Kafkafka Rihab Abel Meholal Jordan (esh Wady el Yabis Jabesh Gilead WFarah W. Kelim Wady WRajib Amathus match Ted Deir Castle of Babad Kefreniyo [Rajib) Wad Jokmeam Awertah Chusi (Kuzah Arumah Janohah fel Urmeh Arbattis Ekrebel Shamir Aurn En Tappiah ebonah Lubban Shilah Akrabeh E /Settin Shuial Jubbok (TellMazar Surtubeh Adam (ed Namith Zarthan W. Hum Fusait el Bukeia WHammam Yajuz GHOR (Nahr Sukereir), Gath Rimmon Thimmathah Gibbethon ofkipbialy (Beit Nabala Ter Ramleh Mount Baalah? Jabneel.Jahneh Jamnia Uzzen Sherah Ataroth Luzo Naceh Ekron Akir oktheel of Sor Cedron, Gederoth Shieron Fady Les Sur Ashuah Chaphiraho Kuryet of a Vad Sta Adekah (Khalaj Anathoth JERUSALEM Beth-car Sta alley of Balpha on Shemesh Bethany Bittir Gallim BachaTomb (Bein Jalajo Fiumans Shaaraim Jarmuth.el Yarmuk Ohel Khameh Showeikeh BETHLEHEM Lou Lakm Brook Shepherds Held Kidron Val of Zephar-Nahash Ether (Kh.castr Deir Nakhkhas) Mare shah Kh Merash Velubeiben Bozkath? Haruph Keilah Gedor Nezib Bethuel Holon Hilen Brit Nusib) (Beit Anda) Kitblish? of Khiel Mak-har Etan Bath Zacharias Chozeba Both ur. Kuejaiba) Beth Anoth Singh Well in Saren) Echol Brook ess of Jeruel Wel Ghor Wed Cliff of Zi Wady Cave of Sul & David THE (BAHR Stone of Bolun Hair dah Gomorrah? Kumran T Valle Wady Beth Nimrah Tell Dimrin Abel Shittim Kefreinjo Beth Haran Beth Aram Tell Ramen W. Jerfeh (Apak elemir) W.Kefrein Naaur Wady Naur Wady Hesban W. Avun Beth Jeshimoth oqueimch Zoar Songhair Musa 32 M.Pisgah floconaimas Sughd Plody Ghurity W. Burrakat W. Amarth Minnith Sibmah Ashdoth Pisgah Thith Bamothy Baal ww Ayah Mulia Mash ENVIRONS OF JERUSALEM i m Mattanch Wady R. Aruon Bezero (Besheir) Fount Beit Iska Wady Bet Hard from Joppa Lifta Nephtoak Shafab Tombs of Convent of the Cross (Deir el-Mar-Sullabeh Gihar S Moriah din Oreiben) Jesana Sawer reitein E 30 The Edinburgh Geographical Institute Wady es Seba Sheba Beth-palet phelet e Ghurra Wady el Milh Aroer (Ararah) Muhauwat Human En Rogel Plain of Well Beit Sahur Valley Abu Dis British Miles BETHLEHEM 36 John Bartholomew & Co. 30' 32 30 30' THE LAND AND THE BOOK. I. JAFFA. Arrival at Jaffa.-Difficulty of Landing.-First View of the Land of Promise.-Main Thoroughfare.-Biârah.—Antiquity of Jaffa.—Andromeda and Perseus.-M. Scaurus. -Modern Jaffa.-Dangerous Roadstead.-Sawulf.-The Prophet Jonah.-Whales in the Mediterranean.-Jonah's Gourd.-Tarshish.-Pious Language of the Orientals.-Jonah in Nineveh.-Preparations for the Journey.-Gardens of Jaffa.-Persian Water-wheel.-Shadûf.—Methods of Irrigation.-Water-wheel at Hamath.-Watering with the Foot.-Fruits of Jaffa.-How best to observe in Palestine.- Moses's View of the Promised Land.-Oriental Fair.-Dorcas.-City Gate, and Biblical Allusions to it.—Saracenic Fountain.-Wanderings through the City.-Jaffa and its Surroundings.-House of Simon the Tanner.-Tanneries.-Potter and Wheel.-Custom of breaking Defiled Vessels.-Sherd at the Hearth and the Pit.-Palestine the Home of the Bible.-Mission of Biblical Poets.—Analysis of the First Psalm.—Natural Basis of our Religious Language. April 4th. I HAVE been here for several days awaiting your arrival, watching the weather with no little anxiety, and fearing lest the sea should be too rough to permit of a landing, in which case you would have been taken up to Haifa or even Beirût. That would have been a serious inconvenience to us both; and, indeed, the captain, after we left Port Said, thought it would very likely occur. And even when anchored in this most unquiet of roadsteads, the prospect of getting on shore was far from encouraging. Only one boat came out to us, and that was so tossed and buffeted by the waves, that it was nearly impossible to get into it, and not a little dangerous afterwards. A not uncommon experience. But the storm is now over, you are safe on land, and we may count upon fair weather for some time to come. Let us extricate ourselves from this noisy multitude around the landing. Give your keys to our energetic cook, Salîm, and, with the assistance of the porters, he will pass your baggage through the Custom-house, and bring it out to our pleasant quarters in one of Jaffa's far-famed orange gardens. My first view of this Land of Promise has been gloomy and discouraging to the last degree. A long low reach of featureless coast, dimly visible through the spray from angry waves, was all that could be seen at early dawn, as we approached. Not a hill, nor a house, nor even a boat, relieved the dismal solitude, until we reached this tumultuous roadstead in front of the town. I can readily believe, however, that in a calm, clear day Jaffa and its immediate surroundings would present a very pretty and smiling prospect, and striking appearance to one approaching from the sea; so I shall make haste to dismiss my first impressions, and with other eyes look upon these scenes as fancy drew and colored them in early boyhood; and even if every prospect does not please, I am resolved to be content with things as I find them, and make the best of them. A sensible resolution, and one which will not demand any extraordinary amount of self-control to observe; for there are within the borders of the Holy Land lofty mountains covered with snow; hills and valleys and wide plains carpeted with gay flowers; lakes, rivers, and streams baptized with beauty; and sacred sites and scenes innumerable, and of the very deepest interest. New and strange they certainly are, at any rate. This street along which we are threading our way, with some difficulty and a little danger, is a genuine novelty. It is Jaffa's one thoroughfare, through which nearly all her commerce to and from the sea has to pass; and as it is narrow, and crooked, and crowded, one must keep a sharp lookout, to avoid unpleasant collisions. Of that we have already been admonished more than once. We were nearly run down by a huge bale of goods, borne along on poles by eight stout porters, keeping step to a monotonous chant. Our next encounter was with Bedawîn Arabs carrying long spears, |