Each fixed star is

table for his own conduct. the centre around which each primary revolves; and each primary the centre of motion to each secondary. Every night I slept with soft content about my head, and never waked but to a joyful morning. Every object of creation can furnish hints for contemplation.

On either

side of the river was the tree of life. That man's good advice was a great good to his family. He paid six dollars for a beaver hat. I found this sea-shell on the coast of Africa. People in most cities are obliged to keep waterbuckets for the purpose of extinguishing fire. A talented man is a man of talents. Both books are worthy of a perusal. An oyster man is a man who sells oysters. Salt springs are found in different parts of the United States, from which salt is made. A paper box may be a box made of paper, or a box designed for keeping paper in it. Box paper is paper designed for making boxes of paper. A canal is a small stream of water between two embankments, made for boat navigation with canal boats.

(9) A bird flies. Here, the word flies expresses the action which the bird performs by the motion of its wings. John talks; Thomas runs ; Mary sings. In these examples, the words flies, talks, runs, sings, evidently do not belong to any of the classes we have explained. They are neither nouns, pronouns, nor adjectives. They

all express some action of a noun. They are named verbs.

The horse draws the chaise. The apples fall. The wind blows. The ship sails. John gave his watch to Peter. Industry and frugality produce wealth. Men eat and drink to nourish the body; they read books for the entertainment of the mind. Luther, the great reformer, was the first man who preached successfully against the Pope. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, conquered Jerusalem, subdued Egypt, and overrun Asia Minor. Cyrus, the Persian, defeated the Babylonians, took the city of Babylon, and established the Persian empire. Alexander, the great, a Grecian king, conquered the Persian empire. The Romans vanquished the Greeks in numerous battles, destroyed Carthage, and founded the Roman empire. The Roman territories were overrun by Northern barbarians, who divided them into smaller kingdoms.

(10) Sometimes it requires two or three words to form one verb: thus, in the phrase, I might have studied my lesson, the words might have studied make but one verb.

The boy who always talks truth, can have nothing to fear. A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. And Christ said, suffer little children to come unto me, for of such

B

is the kingdom of Heaven. It is dangerous to be much praised. It is safer to be attacked by some men, than to be protected by them.

(11) Words which express existence are also verbs, for they signify action of a certain kind.

London

He lives. Mr. D. is benevolent. is a large city, on the River Thames. George Washington was general of the American Army during the Revolutionary War. Innocence in youth is more beautiful than blossoms in spring. Young people are apt to laugh at the infirmities of age; they should reflect that they may one day be old. Men are mortal. Franklin was a great philosopher. Demosthenes and Cicero were two celebrated orators.

(12) Words which express possession are also verbs. I own a farm. I have a horse. I hold an estate.

(13) All words which express action of any kind are called verbs.

(14) Conversing with men of knowledge, I consider myself as a pupil, and thereby gain much useful information. The action expressed

by the verb conversing, is used in a different manner from verbs generally. Although the action is performed by the pronoun I, it is not the principal verb to which I belongs, for I is the agent of the verbs consider and gain. Under these circumstances, it cannot perform all the offices of verbs; it is therefore, called a participle.

Called to take the command of the American Army, Washington left the peaceful scenes of private life for the dangers of war. Called is here employed in a manner similar to what conversing is, in the preceding sentence, and must be a participle. So in the sentence, having performed his task, he walked out, the words having performed is a participle.

Desiring the friendship of wise men, he conducted himself in such a manner that he soon gained their esteem. Having ploughed his land, sown his grain, and taken good care of it, the farmer reaps a rich reward, in autumn, for all his labor through spring and summer. Industry in youth, aided by temperance, renders old age comfortable and respectable. The proud man, thinking only of his own importance, denies due praise to others.

(15) Sarah writes elegantly. John studies well. Here the words, elegantly and well, show

the manner in which the action expressed by the verbs writes and studies, is performed. We remained there two days and then came here. The words there and here show the place in which the action remained transpired, and the word then shows the time in which it took place. It is evident that these words perform a different office from either the noun, pronoun, adjective or verb. They are called adverbs.

I must study geography now, and afterwards attend to my other lessons. There is no news, my Lord; but, that he writes how happily he lives; how well beloved and daily graced by the emperor. I left New-York yesterday, and shall visit Philadelphia to-morrow. Edinburg and Madrid are nearly of the same size. The Greeks made greater proficiency in science and literature than the Romans. Charles walks as rapidly as Henry. Leonard was more learned than Peter. How often do people mistake the shadow for the substance. Before he arrives here, I shall be gone away. Jesus said to Peter, before the cock crow twice thou shalt deny me thrice. He seldom lives frugally who lives by chance. John acted foolishly. To know a man, observe how he wins his object rather than how he loses it; for when we fail, our pride supports us, when we succeed, it betrays us. If you publish an act of great and disinterested virtue, you will neither be believed here, nor rewarded hereafter. Pride