from the people of this section, from whom he had been absent many years. It was the more gratifying, too, because it indicated that, in the performance of his duties, they, without looking at results, had confidence in his having endeavored to discharge them faithfully and conscientiously.

He came here (General Burnside said), actuated by the same motives. He came to them in full faith in the success

of our cause. He had never, for one single moment, doubted its success. Since he had been in the service, he had had, as they well knew, as many dark hours as any soldier of the same military experience, but in the darkest moment he had not doubted the success of a cause founded on the right, against a rebellion founded upon fraud and deceit. He warned them that ambition was the vice of republics, against which they should fight as much as against deceit and fraud. Ours was a cause in which all

should put their hearts.

General Burnside, in conclusion, thanked them again for their attention, and was about retiring, when they called upon him to go on. He replied that he had not the faculty of making long speeches; if he had, he would address them for a half-hour with pleasure. He would rather fight than speak.

Finding that treason had been at a premium and loyalty at a discount on both banks of the Ohio River, and that organizations for sustaining lines of communication to the enemy had been established, General Burnside issued the following order:

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO,
CINCINNATI, O, April 13, 1863.

General Orders, No. 38.

The commanding general publishes, for the information of all concerned, that hereafter all persons found within our lines who commit acts

for the benefit of the enemies of our country, will be tried as spies, or traitors, and if convicted, will suffer death. This order includes the following classes of persons:

Carriers of secret mails.

Writers of letters sent by secret mails.

Secret recruiting-officers within the lines.

Persons who have entered into an agreement to pass our lines for the purpose of joining the enemy.

Persons found concealed within our lines belonging to the service of the enemy, and, in fact, all persons found improperly within our lines who could give private information to the enemy.

All persons within our lines who harbor, protect, conceal, feed, clothe, or in any way aid the enemies of our country.

The habit of declaring sympathies for the enemy will no longer be tolerated in this department. Persons committing such offences will be at once arrested, with a view to being tried as above stated, or sent beyond our lines into the lines of their friends.

It must be distinctly understood that treason, expressed or implied, will not be tolerated in this department.

All officers and soldiers are strictly charged with the execution of this order.

By command of Maj.-Gen. A. E. BURNSIDE.

LEWIS RICHMOND, Assistant Adjutant-General.

General Burnside then went to Kentucky, where he issued such orders as secured the capture of the rebel General Pegram, and took steps to check the undercurrent of rebellious sentiment which had been flowing unchecked through the State. Returning to Ohio, he made a brief visit to Liberty, Ind., his birth-place, where he said, in a speech to the friends of his boyhood: "I have entered into the service from an honest conviction of duty. For all I am, I owe to my government; and I am ready to give all my services and my life, if necessary, to my country's cause. No patriot will do less because the government happens to be administered by an administration that is not of his choice. I was a supporter of the Buchanan administration, but when war was made upon my government, I felt it no less my duty to give it my support because

it had passed into other hands, than if it had remained in his."

He also made a brief speech at a Union demonstration at Hamilton, Ohio, in which he said, "I do not come here to-day to identify myself by remarks with any political creed or doctrine, but to meet and confer with the friends of the country. I came here to meet the loyal citizens of this neighborhood, many of whom knew me in my boyhood, and as I could not see them all singly, this afforded me an excellent opportunity to make my acknowledgments for the interest they have shown in my welfare. Therefore I may be excused for absence from headquarters for a few hours. It certainly affords me great pleasure to meet my friends who have done me the honor of coming here to meet me, and especially to learn that there are so many earnest hearts interested in the cause of the country. I am blessed with little more authority than you here in suppressing treason, and all those acts which go to create dissension; and I deem it the duty of every man and woman to aid me in this work."

Some of the Democratic members of Congress in the Department of the Ohio, returning to their homes, began making incendiary speeches, in which they encouraged a resistance to the draft; and Mr. Clement L. Vallandigham, addressing an audience at Mt. Vernon, on the 1st of May, after attempting to show that President Lincoln was a tyrant, reminded his hearers that "resistance to tyrants is obedience to God."

When this speech was brought to the attention of General Burnside, he immediately dispatched a company of United States infantry with an order directing its captain to arrest Mr. Vallandigham, at his residence at Dayton. The vaiiant orator made a feeble resistance, when he was

taken and carried to Cincinnati, where he was placed under guard at the Burnet House, and arraigned, a few days afterwards, before a military commission. Application was made to the United States Circuit Court, Judge Leavitt presiding, for a writ of habeas corpus in behalf of Vallandigham, and General Burnside, having received notice, made a response in opposition to the granting of the writ, which was characterized by his usual common

sense.

After deprecating the violence of orators and presses in assailing the army, and the organization of secret political societies which created dissensions and discord amounting to treason, General Burnside declared that these orators and presses must be careful as to what they said. "They must not use license and plead that they are exercising liberty. In this department it cannot be done. I shall use all the power I have to break down such license, and I am sure I will be sustained in this course by all honest men. At all events, I will have the consciousness, before God, of having done my duty to my country; and when I am swerved from the performance of that duty by any pressure, public or private, or by any prejudice, I will no longer be a man or a patriot."