Against the Western wall is a large Basin, in the form of half an octagon, with bas-reliefs on the sides; as well as several smaller sculptures.

To the Roman period of the occupation of Britain belong the six specimens of mosaic or tesselated work attached to the upper wall on the North side of this Room. Those in Compartments VII-IX. were discovered in London; and those in Compartments X-XII., at Abbot's Ann, in Hampshire.

AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS.

ROMAN ICONOGRAPHY.

Along the North side of the gallery is arranged the series of Roman portraits, in chronological order. Upon the pedestal of each statue, or bust, are inscribed, when known, the name of the person represented, the dates of such person's birth, death, and (if an Emperor) of his reign, and the site where the sculpture was discovered.

The greater part of the collection which here commences, and which is continued through the four succeeding, or GræcoRoman, rooms, was formed by Charles Townley, Esq., and purchased, after his decease in 1805, for £20,000. Subsequent acquisitions have been made by the bequest of the collection of R. Payne Knight, Esq., in 1824, and by various purchases and donations.

In the centre of the gallery are the lower half of a statue of Lucius Verus, found at Ephesus, the head of a barbarian chieftain, a head believed to be that of Cnæus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, Pro-prætor of Cyrene about B.C. 70-56, an equestrian statue, restored as the Emperor Caligula, but probably a work of the time of Caracalla, from the Farnese Palace, Rome, the torso of an Emperor from Cyrene, and a sarcophagus from Hierapytna in Crete, on which are reliefs representing four scenes in the life of Achilles, viz., his education by the Centaur Cheiron, his recognition when disguised in female attire among the daughters of Lycomedes, Thetis receiving his armour from Vulcan, and the dragging of the body of Hector round the walls of Troy. On another sarcophagus in this room are reliefs representing the labours of Hercules, found at Genzano.

Compartment VII.-Heads of Julius Cæsar, Augustus, the younger Drusus, Tiberius, and Caligula, or perhaps the young Augustus.

Against the pilaster, a statue of an unknown personage, wearing the toga; probably of the Augustan Age.

Compartment VIII-Heads of Claudius, Nero, and Otho, bust of Empress, and busts of Domitia and Trajan.

Against the pilaster, an Iconic female figure, thought to be the Empress Livia, but perhaps a priestess. Found at Atrapalda, Lower Italy.

Compartment IX.-Busts of Hadrian; his favourite Antinous; Julia Sabina; and a young man with a dedicatory inscription on the pedestal.

Against the pilaster, a statue of Hadrian, in armour.

Compartment X.-Bust of Antoninus Pius; head and two busts of Marcus Aurelius, the one attired as a Frater Arvalis; busts of Faustina and of Lucius Verus when young.

Against the pilaster, a statue of Hadrian, found at Cyrene, in civil

costume.

Compartment XI.-Busts of Lucius Verus and Lucilla; head of Commodus; and busts of Crispina, Pertinax, and Septimius Severus. Against the pilaster, an unknown Iconic female figure, found at Cyrene; probably of the time of Hadrian.

Compartment XII.-Busts of Caracalla, Julia Mamæa, Gordianus I., Sabinia Tranquillina, Otacilia Severa (wife of the Emperor Philip the Elder), and head of Herennia Etruscilla.

On shelves above this row of busts is a series of heads and busts, mostly portraits, beginning at the west-end of the room with portraits of celebrated Greeks.

FIRST GRECO-ROMAN ROOM.

This and the two succeeding rooms are, for the most part, appropriated to statues, busts, and reliefs, of the mixed class termed Græco-Roman, consisting of works discovered (so far as is known) in Italy, but of which the style and subject have been derived, either directly or indirectly, from the Greek schools of sculpture. Some few of these may, perhaps, be original Hellenic works, transported by the Romans to Italy, but the majority were certainly executed in Italy during the Imperial times, though generally by Greek artists, and in many instances copied, or but slightly varied, from earlier Greek models.

Along the sides of the room, commencing from the Northwest angle, are the following statues and heads :

[Guide to the Græco-Roman Sculptures. Part I. 4d. Part II. 4d.]

North Side. A headless figure of Minerva from Ephesus, and a head of Minerva. Against the western column are a Canephora and a small seated figure of Pluto or Hades, with whose attributes those of Jupiter are here combined. At the back of the same column is a bust of Minerva with drapery and helmet restored in bronze, and at the back of the eastern column a statue of Hekatè, or the Diana Triformis, with a Latin inscription recording the name of the person who dedicated it. Against the Eastern column are a statue of Apollo from the Farnese Palace, and a bust of Serapis. Against the wall is a statue of Ceres with the attributes of Isis.

On the East side of the room an heroic figure, and a Satyr playing with the infant Bacchus, both from the Farnese Palace.

On the South side are a statue of Bacchus found at Cyrene, a head of Juno, a statue of Diana, a head of Diana, a statue of Apollo Citharœdus from Cyrene, a head of Apollo, a statue of Venus, a terminal bust of Homer, a statue of a dancing Satyr, a head of a poet, and a statue of Diana.

On the West side of the room are a torso of a youth from the Farnese Palace, perhaps representing the god Somnus, a head of Jupiter, a head of Minerva, and a colossal bust of Jupiter.

Between this room and the Egyptian Gallery is a large krater with reliefs representing Satyrs making wine, found in the villa of Hadrian at Tivoli.

SECOND GRECO-ROMAN ROOM.

In an alcove in this room is the Townley Venus, found at Ostia; in the alcove on the opposite side is an athlete hurling a disk, presumed to be a copy of the celebrated Diskobolos of Myron.

In the angles of this room are four heads; the Giustiniani Apollo, purchased at the Pourtalès sale; another head of Apollo Musegetes; a female head, from the Townley collection, formerly called Dionè; and an heroic head from the same collection.

THIRD GRÆCO-ROMAN ROOM.

This room contains a variety of statues, busts, and reliefs, most of which represent divine or heroic personages. The description commences from the North-West door, leading to the Room of Archaic Sculptures.

On the North side the following may be noticed: Acteon, transformed by Diana into a stag; a group representing a sacrifice to Mithras, the Persian Sun-God; a statue restored as Paris; a tablet

in relief, representing the Apotheosis of Homer. In the upper part of the scene are Jupiter, Apollo, and the nine Muses on a hill in which is a cave this relief is inscribed with the name of the sculptor, Archelaos of Prienè. Then follow a head of a Muse and statues of the Muses Thalia and Erato; an heroic head restored by Flaxman, and formerly in the collection of Mr. Samuel Rogers; the beautiful female bust commonly called Clytiè, and which may represent some imperial personage of the Augustan age in the character of a goddess; a reclining figure of Endymion, and two statues of Cupid (Eros), one a life-size figure bending his bow, and the other a small figure in the same attitude; a recumbent figure of Cupid with the attributes of Hercules. Next to these succeed several sculptures of which Hercules is the subject; a small statue on a bracket; a relief, in which he is represented capturing the Keryneian stag; and against the Eastern wall three heads of Hercules. One of these, which is of colossal size, is very similar to the head of the celebrated Farnese Hercules at Naples. On the South side of the room are a head of Venus; a relief with a dedicatory inscription, and representing three suppliants approaching Apollo, Diana, and Latona; Cupid, or Somnus, from Tarsus: a head of the youthful Hercules; a life-size statue of Libera, or Ariadne, with a panther; a girl playing with astragali. On a bracket above is a torso of Venus stooping to adjust her sandal; and above this again is a relief representing two Satyrs, from Cumae.

Next in order are, a youthful Bacchus; a group of Bacchus and Ambrosia, the latter being represented at the moment of transformation into a vine, from which a panther is snatching grapes. On each side of this group is a small statue of a Paniscus or young Pan; the support at the side of each of these figures is inscribed with the name of the sculptor, Marcus Cossutius Cerdo, a freedman. On the wall is a relief representing Ariadne (?), from Cumae.

Further on are a statue of a boy extracting a thorn from his foot, from Rome; part of a group of two boys quarrelling over the game of astragali; a statue of Venus; statues of two Satyrs; the head of a Satyr from a statue; the head of a Bacchante; a terminal Satyric figure playing on the flageolet, and two figures of the goatlegged Pan. At the Western extremity of the room are a torso of Venus and a statue of Mercury, formerly in the Farnese Palace at Rome.

The adjoining staircase leads to the

GRECO-ROMAN BASEMENT ROOM WITH ANNEX,

In this room are arranged figures and reliefs of the GræcoRoman period, of inferior merit, miscellaneous objects in marble and other material, and the collection of tesselated pavements and mosaics which has been formed chiefly from

the discoveries at Carthage in 1856-8, and at Halicarnassus in 1856. For an account of the former discoveries, see Archæologia, xxxviii., pp. 202–30. The tesselated pavements from Halicarnassus were taken from the rooms and passages of a Roman Villa. See Newton, "Hist. of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, &c., II., pt. i. pp. 281-303."

On the floor opposite the foot of the staircase is placed the tesselated pavement of a room 40 ft. long and 12 ft. wide, from a Roman Villa at Halicarnassus. At its upper end this mosaic_represents a marine divinity, probably Amphitritè, accompanied by a Triton. To the South wall of this room is attached a wreath with an inscription from the same villa. Attached to the East wall is a mosaic representing on a colossal scale, the head of a Marine Deity, who has been named Glaukos, but may be Neptune (engraved, Monumenti of the Roman Institute, v. pl. 38). This mosaic was found at Carthage, and was presented to the Museum in 1844 by Mr. Hudson Gurney. Against the same wall are two marble groups representing Victory sacrificing a bull, and a marble relief, from the Pourtalès Collection, representing two gladiators fighting with a bull. Along the sides of this room are placed sculptures in the round and in relief, marble candelabra, altars, vases, and other objects. Among the statues may be specially noted, the Nymph Cyrene struggling with a lion, found at Cyrene, and two small figures of fishermen, near which, on the party wall, is a mosaic from Carthage representing a basket of fish. In the recess in the middle of the party wall, are two curious reliefs from Amyclae, representing articles of toilet; one is dedicated by a priestess, Claudia Ageta, the other by a lady named Anthusa. Against the wall of one of the entrances into the Annex is a relief representing the Nymph Cyrene crowned by Libya; with a metrical inscription.

The Annex contains mosaics, sculptures in the round and in relief, and a number of miscellaneous objects. The mosaics arranged on the South side of the Annex are chiefly from the Roman Villa at Halicarnassus. Among them may be noticed two pieces representing Meleager and Atalanta, severally inscribed with their names, and a third piece representing Dionysos with his name inscribed, attended by a panther.

On the North side of the Annex is a piece of mosaic from Ephesus, representing a Triton of unusual form, accompanied by a dolphin with a trident in its mouth. On the same side, in bays near the windows, are arranged a number of mosaics from Carthage. Among them may be noticed three pieces from the angles of a pavement, each with a full length figure representing one of the Months. On two of the angles is a female bust, apparently the personification of a Season, set in a circle in the corner. Among the other mosaics from Carthage are two scenes of hunting, one of fishing from a boat, and three slabs from a representation of a boar hunt.