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were never dark enough, nor starless enough, the storm was never fierce enough nor wild enough, the quick bolts of heaven were never loud enough, and the arrows of slander never flew thick enough to drive a noble woman from her husband's side (Applause), and so it is in all of human speech, the holiest word is "woman."

[While Mr. Ingersoll was delivering this speech several ladies burst into tears, and Mrs. Dorsey kept her handkerchief to her eyes for some minutes.]

Now, gentlemen, I have examined this testimony. I have examined every charge in the indictment, and every charge made outside of the indictment. I have shown you that the indictment is one thing and the evidence another. I have shown you that not a single charge is substantiated against S. W. Dorsey. I have demonstrated that not one charge has been established against J. W. Dorsey-not one. I have shown you there is no foundation for a verdict of guilty against any one particular defendant in this case.

I have spoken now, gentlemen, the last words that will be spoken in public for my clients, the last words that will be spoken in public for any of these defendants; the last words that will be heard in their favor until I hear from the lips of the foreman the two elegant words, "Not guilty." And now, thanking the court for many acts of personal kindness, and you, gentlemen of the jury, for your almost infinite patience, I leave my clients with all they have, with all they love, with all who love then, in your hands. (Applause.)

[graphic]

To all of us the future is as a sealed book; but if I can, by official act or administration or utterance, in any degree add to the prosperity of our beloved country and the comfort and well-being of our splendid citizenship, I will devote to it the best and most unselfish efforts of my life. CANTON, O., March 1, 1897.

Jours Hardy

Whit lay.

[Mr. McKinley was inaugurated President of the United States March 4, 1897.]

SOUND MONEY AND PROTECTION.

Speech Delivered in a Tent to 20,000 Listeners at Chicago October 8, 1896.

FELLOW-CITIZENS: Again we are on the field of battle where thought contends with thought-the field of battle where facts are bullets and our arguments are swords. Again we appeal to the good sense, to the conscience, to the patriotism of the American people.

This is our country, and we are responsible for the administration. We can not throw the responsibility on any monarch or on any party. This is our country, and we are responsible for what our country does. We are responsible for the policy adopted, and if our country is dishonest the brand of repudiation will be on every American brow. (Applause.) We are responsible for our country, and it is the duty of every American citizen, when about to exercise and use the prerogative of a king, to examine the questions presented. It is his duty to arrive at a conclusion without prejudice, without hatred, and then it is his duty to discharge that obligation according as he believes is for the best interests of the people of the United States.

All I wish is to appeal to your good sense. I want to appeal to the reason you have, not to your prejudices, not to your hatreds, but to your brains, to your consciences, to your patriotism, to your wisdom. I admit

that all the parties who disagree with me are honest. Large masses of mankind are always honest-the leaders not always. But the masses of the people do what they believe to be right. Consequently there is no argument in abuse, nothing calculated to convince in calumny. To be kind, to be candid, is far nobler, far better, and far more American.

We live in a democracy, and we admit that every other human being has the same right to think, the same right to express his thoughts, the same right to vote that we have (Applause); and I want every one who hears me to vote in exact accord with his sense, to cast his vote in accordance with his conscience. I want every one to do the best he can for a great Republic; and, no matter how he votes, if he is honest I shall find no fault.

But the great thing is to understand what you are going to do; the great thing is to use the little sense that we have. In most of us the capital is small, and it ought to be turned often. (Laughter and applause.) We ought to pay attention, we ought to listen to what is said— think, think for ourselves.

ISSUES OF THE CAMPAIGN.

Now, my friends, there are three great questions in this campaign submitted to the American people—three great questions that we are to decide. The first is the money question, the second the tariff, and the third whether this is a government of law or whether there is an appeal from the Supreme Court to a mob.

Then we have to make our choice. We have to choose between men; we have to choose between parties.

And, first, let us take up the money question; let us

begin at bed-rock. I am going to give you the ideas and facts that have influenced me, believing that what will influence me will influence an average American citizen. (Applause.) And the first thing to be right about, if you are a Republican, and the first thing to be wrong about, if you are a Democrat, is the definition of money. What is money? In the first place, money is the product of nature; money is a part of nature. No man ever made or created money. It is beyond the power of legislatures and congresses. It is beyond the power of the human Money is not made. It has to be found.

race.

Now, remember that. Money is not something that man can create. It is something that man must find. It is a part of nature. And what else? Money is something that does not have to be redeemed. Money is the redeemer. (Applause.) Anything that has to be bolstered up with the promise of an individual or a nation is not money. Greenbacks are not money. They are promises to pay money. Nothing that a government can print-no matter what picture it may put upon it, no matter what words-"In God We Trust"—it is not money. It is simply a promise to pay.

And yet there are thousands and thousands of people who believe that a nation can create money. A nation can no more create money by law than it can create corn and wheat and barley by law (Applause), and the promise to pay money is no nearer money than a bill of fare is a dinner. (Continued laughter and applause.)

WHAT IS A DOLLAR?

Now, the next question is, What is a dollar? There are many statesmen going over the country, making

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