IX. Neither the first editors of the N. T., nor those who immediately followed them, were able to do justice, to the important work which they had undertaken. They were destitute of many critical helps, which later editors have possessed, and the art of criticism itself, was, at that period, not sufficiently reduced to a system. These advantages have been embraced by learned men, and critical editions of almost every size, have been presented to the public.

On the editions of the New Testament, see Michaelis' Introduction. Le Long. Bibliotheca Sacra ed. Masch I, p. 189. Fabricius IV, p. 839. Griesbach. Historia Edd. N. T. Graeci, in Barkey Mus. Hag. II, II. 493. Rosenmueller Handbuch I. 278. Haenlein Handb. II, I. 254.

On the received text (formed from the edition of Rob. Stephens, of 1550, and especially from the Elzevir edition of 1624.) see Griesbach. Sect. I. Prolegg

I. Editiones principes. Sex Johannis capita. ven. ap. Ald. 1504. v. Adler in Repert. für Bibl. und Morg. Litt. XVIII. Evangelium Johannis, Tubingæ, 1514.

Complutensian Edition, printed in the Polyglott of Complutum, 1514; published 1522. The MSS. used for this edition, it is thought, were modern. A long controversy was carried on, upon this point, principally between Goeze and Semler, v. Walther in Walch Neuester Religionsgesch. IV. p. 425. The text of this edition, has been followed by many others.

The five editions of Erasmus, with translations. a. Novum Instrumentum omne diligenter ab Erasmo Roterodamo recognitum et emendatum non solum ad græcam veritatem, verum etiam ad multorum utriusque linguæ codd. fidem, postremo ad probatissimorum citationem, emendationem et interpretationem. Basilæ in æd. Jo. Frobenii,

.

1516. b. His second edition (multo quam antehac diligentius recognitum) was published in 1519. c. His third, 1522. In this edition he inserted the passage I. John, V,

7, upon the authority of a British MS. d. His fourth appeared in 1527. e. His fifth (accuratissima cura recognitum) was published with annotations, Basil. 1535.

II. The early editions, in which the text of the editiones principes was reviewed upon the authority of MSS. Sim. Colinaei gr. Lut. Par. 1538, 8vo., see Griesbach. Symb. crit.

C. Guillardiae s. Jac. Bogardi, gr. et lat. Par. 1543, 8. Those of Rob. Stephens, three in Greek, 1546, 12mo.; 1549 12mo.; and the splendid edition of 1550 in folio; and one in greek and latin, 1551, Geneva.

On the MSS. which Stephens used-see,

Marsh's additions to Michaelis, and his Letters to Travis append. N. I. Griesbach. Prolegg. ad ed. N. T.

The editions of Rob. Stephens, jun., Lut. 1569, of Jo. Crispin, gr. Genevæ, 1553, 8, and Henr. Stephens, 1576, followed with little alteration.

The editions of Theodore Beza, with a latin version, 1565, 1572, 1589, 1598. f.

III. Editions, which exhibit a text, formed from the editions, which had been previously published.

Wecheliae, Erf. ad M. 1597. f. 1601. f. II. voll. Elzeveriae 1624. 16mo. 1633. 12. Boccleriae Argent. 1645. 1660. 12mo. Er. Schmidii gr. lat. Nbg. 1658. f.

The following critics, carried on the collection of various readings, more extensively, and accurately, than their predecessors had done. Stephan Curcellaeus (ed. N. T. gr. Amst. 1658.) Brian Walton (in the London Polyglott, T. V. and VI. 1657.) Jo. Fell (Novi Test. libri omnes accesserunt parallela Script. loca una cum varr. lectt. ex plus 100, MSS. codd. et antt. verss. collectæ, Ox. 1675. Of this edition there was a splendid reprint in Ox. 1703.)

IV. Modern critical editions.

Novum Test. cum Lectt. varr. MSS. exemplarium, versionum, edd., SS. PP. et Scrr. eccl. et in easdem notis, Accedunt loca Scr. parallela etc. Præmittuntur dissertatio, et historia S. textus N. Foederis-studio et labore Jo. Millii. Ox. 1707. f. Reprinted with improvements and additions by Kuster. Amst. et L. 1710.

Dan. Whitby Examen variantium Lectionum Jo. Millii in N. T. etc. Lond. 1720. f. rec. Lugd. B. 1724. Cph. Matth. Pfaffii diss. critica de genuinis librorum N. T. Lectionibus, ope canonum quorundam critt. indagandis, ubi et de Millii Collectione Varr. N. T. Lectt. modeste disseritur. Amst. 1709. 8.

J. A. Bengelii Prodromus N. T. Græce recte cauteque adornandi, 1725, adi. Chrysostomi LL. de Sacerdotio. Auctior Prodromus 1731.

Novum Test. ita adornatum, ut textus probatarum edd. medullam, margo. varr. lectt. delectum, apparatus subjunctus criseos sacræ compendium exhibeat, inserviente J. A. Bengelio, Tub. 1734.

J. A. Bengelii Defensio N. T. græce, Tubingæ editt. L. B. 1737.

Eiusd. Tractatio de sinceritate N. T. graeca tuenda. Cum. adspersis ab editore C. B. Michaelis adnotatiunculis, Hal. 1750.

Apparatus critici Secunda et auctior ed. cur. Phil. Dar. Burkii, 1763. 4.

(Jo. Jac. Wetstenii) Prolegomena ad N. T. græci edit. accuratissimam, e vetustissimis Codd. MSS. denuo procurandam, etc. Amst. 1730. 8. postea auctiora ab ipso edita, et Semleri cura repetita, v. supra. p. 12.

Novum Test, graecum ed. recepte cum lectt. varr. codd. MSS. edd. aliarum, versionum et patrum nec non commentario pleniore-opera et st. Jo. Jac. Wetstenii, Tom. I., Amst. 1751. f. T. II. 1752. f. (recus. Bas. 1775. sed cum nota a. 1751.)

I. A. Ernesti Specimen castigationum in Wetstenii edit. N. T. in Opusce. phil. et erit. p. 326. ss,

Libri historici N. T. græce, Pars prior sistens Synopsin Evangg. Matthæi, Marci et Lucæ. Textum ad fidem codd. verss. et patrum emendavit, et lect. var. adiecit Griesbach, Hal. 1774. (Eiusd. ed. secunda emend. et auct. Hal. 1798. 8.) Pars posterior, sistens Joh. Ev. et Acta App. 1775. 8. Nov. Test. græce, Textum ad fid. codd.-adjecit Griesbach, vol. I. Evangelia et Acta App. complectens, Hal. 1777. 8. Vol. 11. Epistolas et Apocalypsin complectens, 1775. 8. Novum Test. græce. Textum-recensuit, et lect. var. adjecit J. J. Griesbach. Vol. I. Quatuor Evangelia complectens. Editio secunda emendatior multoque locupletior, Hal. et Lond. 1796. 8. mai. J. J. Griesbachii Curæ in historiam textus græci Epp. Paull. Specimen primum. Jenæ, 1777, 4.

Symbolæ criticæ ad supplendas et corrigendas VV. N. T. Lectionum collectiones. Accedit multorum N. T. codd. gr. descriptio et examen. Tomus prior. Hal. 1785. 8. Tomus posterior 1793.

Commentarius criticus in textum gr. N. T. particula I. Jenæ 1798. 8. mai. (XX. Capp. Matthei.)

Novum Test. XII. Tomis distinctum, græce et latine. Textum denuo recensuit, varr. lectiones numquam antea vulgatas collegit-Scholia græca-addidit, animadverss. criticas adjecit et edidit Cph. Frid. Matthaei, Riga 1788.

8.

(Singulæ partes separatim inde ab a. 1782, prodierant, cf. Eichhorn. Bibl. II, p. 305. ss.) Novum Testam. ad Codicem Vindobon. græce expressum. Varietatem lect. addidit Tr. Car. Alter. Vienna, Vol. I. 1787; Vol. II. 1786. 8. cf. Eichhorn. I, 1. II, p. 102. ss.

Quatuor Evangelia græce cum variantibus a textu lectionibus codd. MSS. Bibl. Vat. Barb. Laurent. Vindob. Escur. Havn. quibus accedunt lectiones verss. syrarum— edidit Andr. Birch, Havn. 1788, 4. (Eichhorn II, 116. ss.)

Variæ Lectiones ad textum Actt. app. Epp. Cathol. et Pauli e codd. gr. MSS. Bibl. Vat. Barber. etc. collectæ et. editæ ab Andr. Birch, Havn. 1798, 8. (Griesbach in Neuen theol. Tourn. XIII, (1799) p. 396, ss.)

Variæ Lectiones ad textum Apocalypseos-collectæ et editæ ab Andr. Birch, Havn. 1800, 8.

Variæ Lectiones ad textum IV. Evangg.-collectæ et editæ ab A. Birch, H. 1801, 8. (Gabler Journ. f. theol. Litt. III. 71. ss.)

V. Smaller critical editions.

Novum Test. post priores Steph. Curcellæi tum et Oxoniensium labores, quibus parallela Scr. loca nec non varr, lectt.-collectæ exhibentur ; accedit-crisis perpetua, qua singulas varientes-ad XLIII. Canones examinat G. D. T. M. D. (Gerh. van Mastricht) Amst. 1711. 8.

The New Testament in Greek and English, containing the original text corrected from the authority of the most authentic MSS, with notes and various readings, Lond, 1729. 11. 8. (auct. D. Mace.) See,

Leon. Twells examination of the late N. T. Lond. 1732. 8.

Novum Test, græcum ad fidem græcorum solum Codd. MSS. nunc primum expressum. Accessere in altero Volumine emendationes coniecturales V V. D D. undique collectæ Lond. cura typis et sumt. G. B. (Guil. Bowyer,) 1763. II. 8.

The New Testament collated with the most approved Manuscripts, with select notes in English; to which are added a Catalogue of the principal Editions of the Greek Testament, and a list of the most esteemed commentators, by E. Harwood, Lond. 1776. 1784. 11. 8. min.

Editiones Leusdenii inde ab a. 1693. plures-Reineccii inde ab a 1725. sæpius-Chr. Schoetgenii L. 1744, Vratisl. 1781. 8. Bengelii Stullg. 1734. 8. et sæp. Ed, quinta (mendis typogrr. obsitæ) accedit Spicilegium lectt. var. auctore Ern. Bengelio, Tub. 1790. 8.