clothing, medical attendance and medicines and shelter, light and fuel; after thirty years of service they may retire on threefourths pay and allowances, which for a private soldier amounts to about $25.00 per month.

This enables a man who at twenty-one years of age adopts the profession of arms, to retire at fifty-one, and if he has been as saving of his pay during the period of his military service as he would have to be in civil life to provide for old age, he may in the extreme case of having re

The Department of the East, Headquarters, Governor's Island, New York Harbor.

The Department of the Lakes, Headquarters, Chicago, Illinois.

The Department of the Gulf, Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia.

The Department of Dakota, Headquarters, St. Paul, Minnesota.

The Department of the Missouri, Headquarters, Omaha, Nebraska.

The Department of the Colorado, Headquarters, Denver, Colorado.

During the time of military occupation by the United States the Island of Cuba constitutes a grand military division with headquarters at Havana.

The Island is divided into seven geographical Departments as follows:

Department of Havana, including the City of Havana.

Department of Havana Province, including the Island of Pines, with headquarters not yet fixed.

Department of Santiago, with headquarters at Santiago.

Department of Puerto Principe, with headquarters at Puerto Principe.

Department of Santa Clara. with headquarters at Cienfuegos.

Department of Matanzas, with headquarters at Matanzas.

Department of Pinar del Rio, with headquarters at Pinar del Rio.

The Philippine Islands constitute the Department of the Pacific, with headquarters at Manila, Luzon Island.

In addition to the regular army nearly every state and territory has an organized militia force popularly known as the Nation

19

state by special statute laws, presenting little uniformity of organization or methods of administration.

For arming and equipping the militia the Congress of the United States appropriates $400,000 per year which is divided among the states in proportion to their representation in Congress.

The total organized militia of the United States, December 31, 1897, was as follows: 9,196 officers, 105,166 men.

The number of citizens in the United States between the ages of 18 and 45 years who might be enrolled for military duty is approximately 10,000,000.

The law requires that upon a restoration of peace the regular Army shall be reduced to the strength it was prior to the war with Spain.

The actual commissioned and enlisted strength of the Army varies but little from that authorized, and was at the beginning of the war with Spain 2,143 officers and 26,040 enlisted men, and is at the present writing (December 31, 1898), from latest reports 2,330 officers and 55,682 enlisted men.

The aggregate commissioned force comprises 19 general officers, 78 colonels, 98 lieutenant-colonels, 247 majors, 716 captains, 657 first lieutenants and 515 second lieutenants.

The 9th and 10th regiments of cavalry and the 24th and 25th regiments of infantry are composed of negro men with white officers.

The pay of the officers of the Army is

20

OME idea of the strides that the Balti

SOME

more & Ohio Railroad has made during the past two years may be gained from the improvements in the motive power of the road. It is well known that there are many very heavy grades on this line as it traverses a picturesque section of the country, and railroads which have to go over mountains need very heavy locomotives in order to handle the trains economically and rapidly. One of the first things that the Receivers did when they were appointed over two and a half years ago was to arrange for an almost entire new stock of engines, and they have purchased 250 freight and passenger locomotives in that time. The new freight engines, while built for very heavy service, are nevertheless constructed on such lines as to be pleasing to the eye. It is probable that no other railroad in the country has as many heavy engines as are now in service on the Balti more & Ohio Railroad.

The type known as Class E-16, whose numbers run from 1645 to 1704, weigh 168,700 pounds without the tenders. These engines are of the Consolidation type, have eight 54-inch driving wheels and cylinders 22 inches in diameter and 28 inches long, and their total length over engine and tender is 61 feet. They are very solidly and substantially built and haul fifty per cent more cars over the heavy grades than any of their predecessors.

The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad also uses a lighter engine for divisions where the grades are not so heavy, which is known as Class E-14. They have cylinders 21x26 inches, 50-inch driving wheels and are also of the Consolidation type. Their total weight is 148,000 pounds of which 134,000 is on the drivers. These locomotives are able to haul trains weighing 2,200 tons from Cumberland to Baltimore.

Much has been written during the past year concerning the magnificent ten-wheel passenger engines that the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad uses on the Royal Blue Line between Philadelphia and Washington. There are ten of these locomotives which are known as Class B-14. Their weight on the drivers is 113,000 pounds and the total weight is 145,200 pounds, making them probably the heaviest passenger engines in constant

service in the country. Although tremendous in size the parts are so nicely adjusted that unless one stands beside the driving wheels he can gain no adequate idea of their immensity.

These locomotives were practically an experiment but have proved so successful that the type will probably come into extensive use. The driving wheels, of which there are three on each side, are 78 inches in diameter and the cylinders are 21x26 inches. With a tremendous boiler capacity these locomotives are able to haul eightand ten-car trains at a speed approaching seventy miles per hour over the splendid roadbed between Washington and Philadelphia. They are no faster than an ordinary eight-wheel locomotive with four cars, but their superiority is demonstrated on fast and heavy trains. While ten of this style of locomotives are used on the "Royal Blue Line," the road also has eight engines of practically the same type but with 65-inch driving wheels, which are used between Baltimore and Cumberland where the grades are heavier, necessitating the use of an engine with somewhat lower driving wheels, on fast passenger trains.

Patrons of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad have probably noticed during the past year the large number of new box cars that have appeared in Baltimore & Ohio trains. The Receivers have purchased 27,000 box and coal cars within the past two years, and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad standard box car is conceded to be one of the best constructed in the country. They have a length of 40 feet over all and are equipped with air brakes and automatic couplers. The inside dimensions are: length, 36 feet; width, 8 feet 2 inches; height 7 feet 71 inches, with a 4-foot grain lining in each car. The capacity of the car is 60,000 pounds, and the weight averages about 32,350, and it is equipped with all modern devices for safety, and made as strong as possible. These cars make a very attractive appearance. The new coal cars are also of the most modern construction, and are fully equipped with air brakes and automatic couplers. No railroad in the country to-day has as large a proportion in new and modern equipment as is possessed by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company.

CLASS "B 14."

TYPE OF BALTIMORE & OHIO R. R. PASSENGER ENGINE. USED BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND PHILADELPHIA IN THE "ROYAL BLUE LINE."