freshbread; seasick, not terrorsick; because the latter of these couplets are not called for.

13. The difference between the compound word and the mere syntactical construction may be seen,

(1.) By comparing blackbird, a species of bird, with a black bird. So redbird, blackberry, madhouse.

(2.) By comparing foxtail, a plant so named from resemblance, with the tail of a fox. So bear's-ear, goat's-beard, lady's-finger.

(3.) By comparing ratsbane, a substance so called from its nature, with the bane of a rat. So catch-fly, king's-evil, liverwort.

14. The unity of the compound is further evident by considering,

(1.) That in many words the members of the composition do not appear at first view, nor are they generally understood; as, biscuit, curfew, daisy, kerchief, quinsy, squirrel, surgeon, verdict, vinegar.

(2.) That in many words the meaning has so altered that the reason of the composition is not obvious; as, frankincense, holyday, landlord, mildew, quicksand, quicksilver, pastime, privilege, Sunday, vouchsafe.

(3.) That compounds may often be expressed by simple words, either in the same or another language; as, brimstone, sulphur; may-bug, a chaffer; wineglass, a tumbler; sheepfold, Lat. ovile; vineyard, Lat. vinea; footman, Lat. pedes; oakgrove, Lat. quercetum; dovehouse, Lat. columbarium.

ARTICLE VIII.

CRITICAL NOTICES.

1.-The History of Rome. By THOMAS ARNOLD, D. D. Three volumes in two. Reprinted entire, from the last London edition. New-York: D. Appleton & Co. Philadelphia: George S. Appleton. 1846.

Arnold possessed peculiar qualifications for writing history. He was industrious in research, a lover of truth, sincere, independent, and imbued with Christian faith. Then he had the faculty of weaving facts into a beautiful narrative, and so arranging them as to render them impressive.

His History is justly celebrated in Great Britain, and will, no doubt, become so here. Niebuhr was his principal guide, and him he followed in most things, yet not servilely.

Alas! he lived only long enough to bring his history down very nearly to the end of the second Punic War. Like Niebuhr, he was cut off without living to complete his purposes in respect to history. He left us enough to lead us to regret our loss in his death.

Our room forbids a more extended notice; yet we must also say, that the style of execution is good, and such as our valuable books ought to be.

2.-History of New Netherland; or New-York under the Dutch. By E. B. O'CALLAGHAN. New-York: D. Appleton & Co. Philadelphia: George S. Appleton. 1846. pp. 493, 8vo.

This is another History got up in a becoming style, by the same house; a history, too, of part of ourselves. The author, Dr. O'Callaghan, has been engaged for years in collecting manuscripts, charters, deeds, letters, records, etc., with a view of furnishing a more thorough and more correct history of New Netherland than was extant. He has had access to all the sources of information, and has issued the present volume in the hope of contributing to his countrymen, both pleasure and profit. It extends to the year 1647, the close of Kieft's administration, and contains, beside the very interesting narrative, a very old map of New Netherland, found by Mr. Brod

head in Holland, and a large Appendix of evidence, in the shape of contracts, charters, etc. We trust the editor and publishers will be rewarded for their valuable labours.

3.-The Treasury of History: comprising a General Introductory Outline of Universal History, Ancient and Modern; and a Series of separate Histories of every Principal Nation that exists; their Rise, Progress, Present Condition, etc. By SAMUEL MAUNTo which is added the History of the United States. By JOHN INMAN, Esq. New-York: Daniel Adee.

DER.

This work is now completed, in two large volumes, and sold at $3 in Nos., or $4 bound. The author is known as the compiler of the "Treasury of Knowledge," etc., and several other similar works, which have been received in England with great favour. The Treasury of History is a condensed compend of the history of all nations. It is necessarily brief, and, while it has its own uses, it should not supersede the reading of more extended records of the progress of events among different peoples. It will answer the purpose of a book of reference to those who have perused larger works, and may be useful in giving a general view to those who have not leisure for more minute inquiry.

This work is edited by Mr. Inman, who has subjoined a succinct History of the United States to the present year. This we consider exceedingly valuable, as it refreshes the memory in respect to many recent events, which we might else forget. The History of England is, also, carried down to 1845.

We were a little surprised to find the History of the Sandwich Islands concluded with the death of Capt. Cook, when so much that is interesting could have been added. The same defect exists in regard to the Society Islands, whose inhabitants are represented as having greatly "degenerated since Cook's time."

4.-The Puritans and their Principles. By EDWIN HALL. NEWYork: Baker & Scribner. 1846. pp. 440, 8vo.

We love the Puritans. Faults they doubtless had; but they were rather of the times than of themselves peculiarly. True, they differed from Churchmen in their principles, and the manners of many of them were not the most refined, but they were noble men and women, set for freedom of thought and speech, and having, in fact, done more than all else for the essential liberty of the constitution of England.

Of these noble men and their principles we needed some such manual as Mr. Hall has furnished. Their story may now be known

and read of all men; and we cannot but believe that the descendants of the Pilgrims, at least, will eagerly demand a copy of the book. The substance of it was delivered in a course of Lectures by the author to the people of his charge, designed "to set forth the causes which brought the Pilgrims to these shores; to exhibit their principles; to show what these principles are worth, and what it cost to maintain them; to vindicate the character of the Puritans from the aspersions which have been cast upon them, and to show the Puritanic system of church polity,-as distinguished from the Prelatic,-broadly and solidly based on the word of God." In carrying out this purpose, Mr. Hall has entered into the history of the Puritans, the story of their sufferings, the tale of their pilgrimage; has discussed church polity, and put the claims of the Prelacy to the test. He has told us well, of Wickliffe and his times-of Henry VIII. —of Edward VI.—of Mary—of Elizabeth—of the Conflict of Principle-of" the judicious Hooker"—of King James and the going to Holland-of the Voyage to America-of Plymouth-of Charles I.— Laud-of the Civil Wars-of the Church, its officers, government, etc., and finally of Dr. Coit and his famous or infamous book.

5.-A History of German Anabaptism, gathered mostly from German Writers living in the Age of the Lutheran Reformation, and embracing a full view of the Peasants' Wars, the Celestial Prophets, and other Fanatics of that day, and of the Historical Connection between the present Baptists and the Anabaptists. By PARSONS COOKE. Boston: B. Perkins & Co. Philadelphia: Perkins & Purves. 1846. pp. 412, 18mo.

This volume may be useful in opening the eyes of many to the evils of fanaticism, and also in showing the germs of certain forms of religious folly and wickedness, which have been developed in our own days. It is a veritable history of the rise of spirits of darkness amid the purer light of the Reformation, and discloses, in detail, the conflict which Luther was obliged to maintain with them.

The Anabaptists of Germany, whose proceedings are here narrated, were a sect of genuine libertines, and not very remotely related to the looser class of the Perfectionists; as also, in some of their principles, to the "No-government" men of our own land.

Roger Williams's relation to baptism and anabaptism are here portrayed in their true colours; and the fair exposé of his doings must convince every candid mind, that what has been denominated religious persecution on the part of the Puritans, was scarcely more than merited severity in view of his offences against civil institutions.

6.-An Exposition of the Ten Commandments. By the Rt. Rev. EZEKIEL HOPKINS, D. D. Revised and slightly abridged. NewYork: American Tract Society.

This Exposition of the Decalogue by Bishop Hopkins, we are glad to see published, and shall rejoice in its wide circulation. The Ten Commandments ought to be more studied, as expressing in brief the whole will of God in respect to man's duties to his Creator, his neighbour, and himself. This exposition will be found to be forcible in style, energetic in thought, and comprehensive in its view of the principles contained in the Moral Law.

The author was one of the most celebrated divines and preachers of his day, a true son of the Reformation, and a bold announcer of the doctrines of grace.

7.-The Method of Grace, in the Holy Spirit's applying to the Souls of Men the Eternal Redemption, Contrived by the Father and Accomplished by the Son. By Rev. JOHN FLAVEL. New-York: American Tract Society.

Flavel is one of the purest and best Christian writers of olden time. His works are savoury. This, his Method of Grace, is a sequel to his Fountain of Life; the latter showing the provision of redemption for the souls of men, the former the mode of its application, by the work of the Spirit and the exercise of faith on the part of man. Flavel here developes richly and fully, the nature of the Spirit's influence in conviction, conversion, sanctification; the necessity for Divine illumination and strength; the satisfactory evidences of union with Christ; and presses home upon the conscience, with great power, the duty of yielding to the call of Christ, "Come

unto me."

8.-Letters to a Friend on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the Christian Religion. BY OLINTHUS GREGORY, LL. D., F. R. A. S. From the fourth London edition, revised and slightly abridged. New-York: American Tract Society.

Dr. Gregory's work on the Evidences of the Christian Religion has been blessed to the conviction of many. Coming from the pen of a layman of celebrity, it has more weight with men of the world than a work equally good, written by a divine; although, as Dr. Gregory says, there is no reason why we should not rely on the judgment of the ministry, in such cases, writing professionally, as we do on that of the lawyer and physician in their respective spheres.

There will be found in the volume many exceedingly interesting THIRD SERIES, VOL. II. NO. II.

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