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Boston, Mass. A good portion of each leaf is blank for memoranda. The leaves are sewed at the end, enabling one to turn to any leaf desired, and by an ingenious device the leaves tear off independently, leaving no stub. The portable stand which holds the pad, contains pen rack and penil holder, and is made of solid wood, brass mounted. Upon each slip appear quotations pertaining to cycling and typewriting.

THE MUSICIANS' CALENDAR FOR 1890. Compiled by Prof. Frank E. Morse, Professor of Vocal Music, New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, and Wellesley College School of Music, Wellesley, Mass. Devoted especially to the MUSICIANS OF AMERICA. Price, 50 cents. Boston: Silver, Burdett & Co., Publishers, 6 Haucock Avenue.

Professor Morse has now for the third successive year placed the musical world under obligations by preparing and editing "The Musicians' Calendar," which makes its appearance this year in form, dress, and matter surpassing its predecessors. The Calendar is enriched by choice selections of prose and poetry, largely from American authors, relating to music.

THE PICTURESQUE GEOGRAPHICAL READERS. First Book, Home and School. By Charles F. King. Boston: Lee & Shepard. Pp. 240. 130 Illustrations. Price 50 cents.

The art of book making has certainly reached a high level when a volume so large, handsomely printed and artistically illustrated, strongly bound in cloth, with a beautiful cover, can be furnished to the pupil for half a dollar.

AT HOME and AT SCHOOL shows on every page the most conscientious care in preparing a book which will delight the thousands of readers awaiting its coming, both in matter and pictures.

Geography will be absorbed from its pages as unconsciously as the child breathes. Every term such as monntain, lake, river, island, bay and isthmus, is beautifully illustrated by pictures made from photographs, French and English designs. The selections of poetry are happily made, and the story of the Cartwell children running through the volume, is carried out so as to fascinate the young reader. Such a book can have no rivals.

NATURAL HISTORY CARD. Designed for Pupils in the Primary Grade. By Frances W. Sawyer, Teacher in the Everett Primary School, Boston. Mounted on fine card-board, size 8 x 10 inches. Boston: F. W. Sawyer, 1761 Washington Street. Price 84 cents per dozen.

The card contains the names of sixty-two birds and animals, scientifically arranged, with twenty-seven illustrations. The purpose is to arrest and fix the attention of the children, by placing in each child's hand a picture of the particular animal under discussion, and to enable them to classify the animals studied in an easy, pleasant way. Under each large division of "gnawers," "hoofed animals," etc., several sub-divisions or families are represented by familiar types; and where there are other common animals of the same family, with which children are supposed to be more or less familiar, their names are placed in the appropriate section, with the hope that the children, becoming interested after studying the type with the teacher, will be stimulated to look up these relatives in such books as may be accessible. In the hands of an intelligent teacher, the cards will be found a means of imparting a large amount of knowledge in Natural History in a way interesting and pleasing to the pupil. A sample of the card will be sent for examination on receipt of 5 cents.

WATERMAN'S JOURNAL.

A. A. Waterman & Co.,

Current Events and Books. 36 Bromfield Street, Boston. Price, $2.00 per year. This new candidate for public favor in the field of current literature has now been issued eight times, and has taken high ground as a fortnightly review. In one issue we notice such papers as “Government and Tyranny,” “Christian Socialism," "A Foreign Policy for the United States," and in another number we find "Education: The State vs. The Family," "Governmental Interference,” “Biology and Ethics," and other papers of high order, all editorially produced.

We believe such a journal will do much for those readers who will think carefully on the subjects therein presented. After October 3d, the journal is to be published weekly, at the same price.

EVERY DAY BUSINESS, ARRANGED FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. By M. S. Emery. Boston: Lee & Shepard. Price 35 cents.

This is emphatically a new book, on a new plan, and will be found of unusual interest and value. There is a growing tendency to make the schools practically useful, and it is certainly true that much pertaining to the ordinary affairs of life may be taught with both pleasure and profit to the pupils. This book is an effort to place before the young people a few practical suggestions on Letter Writing, the Sending of Telegrams, Postoffice Business, Notes and Drafts, Insurance, etc., and you will find it, upon examination, replete with valuable hints and helps which cannot fail to be of lasting benefit.

MAGAZINES RECEIVED.

This is the time for every teacher to subscribe for a popular magazine. Don't attempt to read everything. You will only "skim" and get, as the result—not cream, but "skim milk," and that poured into a colander. Decide what one you want and send your subscription direct to the publishers. Address your letter direct to the publishers of such, or such a magazine. In the following list we only desire to call your attention to some of the leading magazines of the country. It is impossible to give an exhaustive list:- Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Harper and Brothers, Franklin Square, New York. $4.00. The Century Magazine. The Century Company, New York. $4.00.Scribner's Magazine. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $3.00.- The North American Review, New York. $5.00. The Forum. The Forum Publishing Company, New York. $5.00.- The Atlantic Monthly. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Boston. $4.00.Popular Science Monthly. D. Appleton & Company, New York. $5.00.- New England Magazine. New England Magazine Co., Boston. $3.00. — Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. $3.00.—Andover Review. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. $4.00.- The Catholic World. New York. $4.00. -Donohoe's Magazine. T. B. Noolan & Co, Boston. $2.00.- - Belford's Magazine. Belford Company, New York. $3.00. - Magazine of American History. New York. $5.00.- The Chautauquan. Mead. ville, Pa. $1.50. Journal of Pedagogy. Athens, O. $1.00. - The Sanitarian. New York. $4.00.- Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. Leonard Scott Publishing Co. New York. $3.00. Cassell's Family Magazine. Cassell & Co., New York. $1.75. Overland Monthly. San Francisco. $4.00.- The New Englander and Yale Review. New Haven, Conn. $4.00.- -Education. Eastern Educational Bureau, Boston. $3.00. - Common School Education. Eastern Educational Bureau, Boston. $1.00. These last two mentioned will be made of special interest during the coming year. New features will be introduced, and their general interest and usefulness greatly increased.

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EDUCATION

DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE, ART, PHILOSOPHY, AND

LITERATURE OF EDUCATION.

VOL. X.

FEBRUARY, 1890.

No. 6.

No

PREPARATION FOR CITIZENSHIP.

AT WELLESLEY COLLEGE.

V.

BY KATHARINE COMAN,

Professor of History and Political Economy at Wellesley College.

TO ONE interested in the subject can have failed to notice that a remarkable transformation of the woman question has taken place in the past twenty years. The transition is evidently not yet complete, but the change is sufficiently marked to indicate the direction in which we are tending. Woman's sphere of usefulness, to use the old-time phrase, is enlarging every year. A recent report of the National Labor Bureau notes 343 industries in which women are actively engaged. In some fields, as in the public schools, the stores, the factories, men are being displaced, while the function of women as bread-winners has come to be counted on as a considerable element in the people's well-being.

As to political power, the day of agitation for recognition is past, and the time for quiet shouldering of responsibilities is at hand. If the census of 1890 were to undertake an investigation, it would probably prove that there were more men willing to concede the right of suffrage than women ready to use it. The most difficult task of the woman suffragist, as the recent elections in Boston abundantly prove, is not to break down opposition on the part of men, but to induce women to exercise their legal privi

leges. What needs doing now is not to proclaim the wrongs of woman, nor to demand larger scope for her wasted powers, but to fit her to meet the heavy responsibilities that are pressing upon her. The question whether women are to vote is lost in the greater question whether they will act and act wisely in behalf of the many interests demanding their service. In a recent novel, Mr. Howells describes an aristocracy of culture peculiar to America, the women of leisure. These sinecurists throng the lecture halls, support the circulating library and the morning club, entertain the latest literary star, and shine at afternoon teas, while the men of the same homes, absorbed in business, wearied with work, absent themselves from or play but a sorry part in their own drawing-rooms. The tendency on the part of the American business man to give over irksome responsibilities into the hands of women is no less marked in the way of philanthropy than in social life. As the demands of business competition tax to the utmost the time and strength of the men of our cities, an increasing share of the burden of social, educational, and philanthropic work is intrusted to women. In the schools, in the churches, in the charity organizations, even in the state charitable institutions, women serve on boards of management and fill positions of executive responsibility to a degree that would have astonished our grandmothers.

The need of an education adequate to meet this new demand. upon feminine powers is evident. Dr. J. J. Putnam, in a recent paper on collegiate education for women, notes the fact that "women are constantly doing more and better work in education, in the public charities, in certain of the professions, and even in municipal politics," and urges the need of preparation for such work. "The alternative for them is to exercise faculties which have been strengthened by prolonged and systematic training, or for the lack of such training, to work under a pressure that is a serious strain upon the health." Brief observation of the methods of education prevailing in recent years, makes it evident that the girls whole mental and physical training are being shaped anew by these heavier demands. Dancing and embroidery are giving place to Greek and mathematics. Power to express ideas is coming to be thought more useful than music, and physical vigor is prized more highly than delicacy. With the increasing need of trained powers, the demand for a higher education keeps pace.

A college course, no longer a strange and dubious venture for a woman, is recognized to be the essential preparation for a strong and useful life. The opportunities for study that twenty years ago were offered by a few western colleges and in defiance of public opinion, are now opening on all hands, and every woman's college is full to overflowing with girls eager to fit themselves for active service in the world.

Under these circumstances, it is good that we should ask the question how far is the college course offered to women adapted to fit them to meet the demands of later life? The function of the college is not to produce a book-worm, nor a pedagogue, nor a society belle, but an all-round woman-strong in physique, able in mind, intelligent in all that concerns the well-being of humanity, and fitted to act with vigor and discretion in behalf of any interest committed to her charge. Every element in a woman's education, physical, mental and moral, every circumstance that widens and deepens her experience of life, renders her abler to understand and to master the perplexing problems she may be called upon to solve; but certain studies and experiences are especially calculated to enable her to comprehend her social and political obligations. Such, in a preeminent degree, is the study of history-the record of man's effort in the past to solve those political, social, and economic problems which are the subjects of deepest thought to-day. Such, moreover, is the study of industrial and social phenomena, and since economic and social questions are to-day more prominent than political, we must by no means omit from a woman's curriculum of study economic and social science. The study of History, Economics and Social Ethics are then directly in the line of preparation for citizenship, whether we regard that citizenship as including the right of suffrage or no.

At Wellesley College, five full courses are offered in History, one in Political Science, and one in Economics. A full course means two semesters of work with three class appointments per week. One of these courses described below as Course II., is required for a degree. All the other work is elective. The number of students in the department at any one time is about 200, or one-third the whole number of students. To this number must be added an average of twenty graduate students, one-fourth in residence and three-fourths non-residents, studying under

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