Finland maintains a university, a polytechnic school, and a number of real schools, and higher schools for girls, all of which are well equipped and well attended. To these must be added a number of special schools, viz., commercial, trade, agricultural, etc. Manual training is an important feature of the elementary course, the girls being carefully trained in needlework, and the boys in wood and metal work. Finland prides itself upon having been the first country in Europe to make this feature obligatory. This was accomplished by local laws, which owe their initiative to the patriot Cygnaeus. The good results are seen today in every part of the province. Almost every farm is supplied with a forge, and the peasants are all skillful with tools. The industrial work of the Finnish schools formed one of the most interesting collections in the Paris exposition. PARIS NOTES. - The liberality, the force, the spirit which Paris displays in pushing forward the provision for popular education almost takes one's breath away. They are evidenced by the rapid increase of schools of all grades, by the increased appropriations for their support, and still more by the multiplication of special schools designed to prepare the young for various business pursuits, or to increase the skill of those who are already at work. In the maternal schools of this city provision is made for about 23,000 children of tender age, while 25,000 are inscribed upon the registers. The number of primary schools has increased by 28 per cent. in ten years, and these now enroll 110,381 children. Accommodation is still required for about 9,000 children of school age. The budget for primary schools alone increased by 60 per cent. between 1877 and 1888, standing at $3,831,728 in the latter year, while during that decade the extraordinary expenses for all grades of elementary schools reached the sum of $9,843,000. In 1873, the first workshop for the use of scholars was attached to a primary school. Little progress was made in the provision for manual training until 1880. In 1886, the number of workshops was one hundred, and 17,000 pupils were exercised in them. Technical, or as it is termed professional training, divides naturally into several branches. Four schools of this order have been established for boys, one for wood and iron, one for cabinet work, one for industrial chemistry and physics, and one for printing. There are also five professional schools for girls. These have a general course of instruction, embracing domestic economy, accounts, the living languages, industrial designing, and cutting and fitting garments. The equipment of these schools includes kitchen for the practice of cookery, ironing, etc., and workshops for the manufacture of corsets, feathers, and other staple articles of trade. Girls are admitted at about fourteen years of age, and remain three or four years. Five superior primary schools for boys, one for girls, and one for both sexes have been established. As regards the grade of studies, these correspond to our own high schools, drawing, design, and tool work are invariably included. In this extensive public provision, the needs of the unfortunate have not been overlooked. We find included therein a school for the blind, and a very large and completely equipped orphan asylum. PRUSSIA.. A scheme for the establishment of training seminaries for teachers of secondary schools is one of the latest movements of interest in Prussia. A. T. S. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CURRENT PERIODICAL LITERATURE UPON EDUCATION. The following bibliography of current periodical literature includes articles upon education and other subjects calculated to interest teachers. Only articles from periodicals not nominally educational are mentioned. Articles of special importance to teachers will, as a rule, be mentioned in notes. Agriculture and the Single Tax. Horace White. Popular Science Monthly, February. Amerikanische Staatswesen, Das. Anton E. Schönbach. Deutsche Rundschau, January. Andover Movement, Some Criticisms on the. Frederic Palmer. Andover Review, February. This excellent article should be read by those interested in the philosophic and religious thought of the day. Anselme, Saint, professeur (suite). J. Ragey. Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne, December. Archæology, Problems of American. J. H. Powell. The Forum, February. Avicenna, The Persian Poetry of. Chas. J. Pickering. National Review, January. Banks, The New York. Richard Wheatley. Harper's, February. Bellamy, Mr., and the New Nationalist Party. Francis A. Walker. Atlantic, February. Blaine, James G., et le Congrès des trois Amériques. C. de Varigny. Revue des Deur Mondes, Jan. 15. Children's Lies. American Journal of Psychology, Vol. III., No. 1. This most interesting and suggestive paper by the editor, Pres. G. Stanley Hall, is based upon reports by teachers of the observation of nearly three hundred city children. College Life, Moral Aspects of. C. K. Adams. The Forum, February. Competition and Coöperation among Women. Mrs. Jeune and Wm. James Walker. English Illustrated Magazine, January. "The Realm of." W. P. Congo, Tisdel and E. J. Glave. Century, Feb ruary. Congo Savages, Life among the. Herbert Ward. Scribner's, February. Darwinism. St. George Mivart. Dublin Review, January. A review of Wallace's recent book. De Quincey, Nights and Days with. James Hogg. Harper's, February. Double Consciousness in Health. Alfred Binet. Mind, January. Doubt, The Insanity, of. Philip Coombs Knapp. American Journal of Psychology, Vol. III., No. 1. Dutch Girlhood. Mrs. Lecky. English Illustrated Magazine, January. Economic Internationalism. Richard T. Ely. Chautauquan, February, Economics, A School of. Carroll D. Wright. Ethical Record, January. A valuable outline of a course of study in economics as a branch of applied ethics. Edison, Talks with. George Parsons Lathrop. Harper's, February. Very interesting. Education of the Roman Youth, The. Wm. O. Sproull. Andover Review, February. Emerson. J. C. Long. Baptist Quarterly Review, January. Emerson's Talks with a College Boy. Charles J. Woodbury. Century, Feb. English, The Ascertainment of. Charles Mackay. Nineteenth Century, January. English, The Latest Theories of the Origin of the. Edward A. Freeman. Contemporary Review, January. Ericsson, John, The Engineer. I. William Conant Church. Scribner's, February. Ethical Teaching at the University of Pennsylvania. George Stuart Fullerton. Ethical Record, January. Ethics in Yale University. George T. Ladd. Ethical Record, January. Ethics, The New Interest in. W. Kawelin. Ethical Record, January. Fatigue, The Effect of, on Voluntary Muscular Contraction. Warren P. Lombard. American Journal of Psychology, Vol. III,, No. 1. Fiction, Candour in English. Walter Besant, Mrs. Lynn Linton, and Thomas Hardy. New Review, Jan. Foremothers, Ourselves and Our. M. E. Jersey. Nineteenth Century, January. General Terms, Observations on. Sara E. Wiltse. American Journal of Psychology, Vol. III., No. 1. One hundred and thirteen school boys, between the ages of 13 and 18, were asked to write their first thoughts or mental images ou seeing the words being, the infinite, literature, play," The results of this observation are here reported. etc. Georgetown University. John J. A. Becket. Cosmopolitan, February. An account of the oldest Catholic college in America. German Daily Press, The. L. Bamberger. Nineteenth Century, January. Gladstone-Blaine Controversy, The. Roger Q. Mills. North American Review, February. Historical Research, The, Spirit of. James Schouler. Magazine of American History, February. Historical Scholars, America's Congress of. Mrs. Martha J. Lamb. Magazine of American History, Feb. Historical Work. Recent, in the Colleges and Universities of Europe and America. Charles Kendall Adams. Magazine of American History, Feb. Human Nature, Traits of. IV. J. M. Buckley. Chautauquan, February. Hypnotism. Joseph T. O'Connor. Catholic World, February. A brief statement of the scientific view of the subject. Ibsen's neuere Dramen. Otto Harnack. Preussische Jahrbücher, Jan. Immigrant's Answer. The. John P. Altgeld. Forum, February. Industrial Partnership. Nicholas P. Gilman. The Arena, February. Industries, The Localization of. J. J. Menzies. Popular Science Monthly, February. Inequality of Men, On the Natural. Professor Huxley. Nineteenth Century, January. Infancy, The History of an. Jean Ingelow. Longman's, January aud February. Influence and Independence. Miss S. K. and Miss V. D. S. Andover Review, February. Ireland, Educational Work of the Church of. Church Quarterly Review, January. Ireland, University Education in. J. Healy. Dublin Review, January. Italy and the Pope. Gail Hamilton. North American Review, February. Jefferson, Thomas, and the Louisiana Purchase. Robert Morss Lovett. New England Magazine, January. Key Notes from Rome. Henry Charles Lea. The Forum, February. Land Question, Letters on the. II. Herbert Spencer, Professor Huxley, et al. Popular Science Monthly. February. Library. A Model Village Library. Wm. R. Cutter. New England Magazine, February. Lincoln, Abraham. John G. Nicolay and John Hay. Century, Feb. This closing chapter of the history of Lincoln contains an excellent estimate of his character and fame. Literary Fossil, A Majestic. Mark Twain. Harper's, February. Logic. Some Proposed Reforms in Common Logic. Christine Ladd Franklin. Mind, January. "Luria." Its Story and its Motive. II. Henry S. Pancoast. Poet-Lore, Jan. 15. Measure Mankind. Why Do We? Francis Galton. Lippincott's, Feb. An excellent statement of the sociopedagogical value of such anthropological measurements as the author makes in his laboratory at South Kensington. Merit System, The, Versus the Patronage System. Theodore Roosevelt. Century, February. Mind Cure, Christian Science or. W. Brenton Greene, Jr. Presbyterian and Reformed Review, January. Mind, Growth and Decay of. Richard A. Procter. Knowledge. Jan. Moralisten, Moderne. Adolf Lasson. Preussische Jahrbücher, Jan. Multiple Working Hypotheses, The Method of. T. C. Chamberlin. Science, Feb. 7. Musical Sounds, Instances of the Effect of, on Animals. Robert E. C. Stearns. I. American Naturalist, Jan. Muskellesen und Gedanken-Uebertragung. Gustav Gessman. Sphinx, January. Mystic, An Eighteenth Century Mystic. E. Dowden. Fortnightly Review, January. A sketch of De Marsay. E. E. Hale and Edward Bellamy. Our Day, January. Nationalization of the Land: A Reply. Richard Simon. Westminster Review, January. Newspapers Here and Abroad. E. L. Godkin. North American Review, February. Numbers, Some Properties of. Robt. W. D. Christie. Knowledge, Jan. Oxford, The University of. Katharine Tynan. Catholic World, Feb. Pauperism, Prevention of. Church Quarterly Review, January. A. Philosophical Development. Campbell Fraser. Mind, January. Philosophie, Ueber den Zusammenhang der, mit der Zeitgeschichte. Eine Centennar-betrachtung. Wilhelm Wundt. Deutsche Rundschau, January. Philosophie, L'économique et la. C. Secrétau. Revue Philosophique, January. Plato's Republic, The Idea of Justice in. Paul Shorey. Ethical Record, January. Poetry of the Civil War, The. Maurice Thompson. Chaatauquan. Feb. Political Paradox, A. Leonard Woolsey Bacon. Forum, February. Polytechnics for London. Nature, Jan. 16. Poor, The Homes of the. Mary Jeune. Fortnightly, Jannary. Prescott, William Hickling. W. W. Gist. Chautauquan, February. Priesthood, Higher and Lower Education of the American. James F. Loughlin. American-Catholic Quarterly Review, January. Profit-Sharing. J. Shield Nicholson. Contemporary Review, January. Property, The Ethics of. W. S. Lilly. Forum, February. Psychical Research. I. Ghosts. Richard Hodgson. The Arena, Feb. An interesting article by the secretary of the American Society for Psychical Research. Public School, A Novel Defence of the. George Deshon. Catholic World, February. An answer to a recent article by the Rev. Charles C. Starbuck in the Yale Review. Reading, The Dissipation of. Charles Mc Ilvaine. Lippincott's, February. Real Production, Unfair Burdens on. Morrison I. Swift. Andover Review, February. Reflex Action, A Sketch of the History of. American Journal of Psychology, Vol. III., No. 1. Contributed by the editor, Pres. G. Stanley Hall. Reminiscences of Debuts in Many Lands. Helen Modjeska. The Arena, February. Rienza, The Story of. George Parsons Lathrop. Chautauquan, Feb. Rum Power, Henry George and the. Clinton B. Fisk. The Arena, Feb. Sacred Stones. Grant Allen. Fortnightly Review, January. School Question: Judge Fallon's Speech. Donahoe's Magazine, Feb. Science, Moral Teachings of. I. Arabella B. Buckley. Chautauquan, February. Science, New Chapters in the Warfare of. Andrew Dickson White. Popular Science Monthly, February. Sciences physiques, Remarques sur l'induction dans les. A. Naville. Revue Philosophique, January. Shakespeare. Was William Shakespeare an Educated Man? Illustrated with Blocks from the Hollinwell-Phillips Collection. L. L. Lawrence. Shakespearina, January. New Shaw, Colonel, and his Black Regiment. Archibald H. Grimké. England Magazine, February. Shelley, A New View of. Ouida. North American Review, February. Slave-Trade, Grauville Sharp and the. Granville Browne. Macmillan's, January. Slave-Trade, The African. J. R. Slattery. Catholic World, February. Slavery, The Universal Abolition of. Edmund Plauchut. Chautauquan, Feb. Translated from the Revue des Deux Mondes. Social Problems. E. E. Hale. Cosmopolitan, February. Socialism, An Economic Cure for. W. Earle Hodgson. National Review, January. Stanley. What Stanley has done for the Map of Africa. J. Scott Keltie. Contemporary Review, January. Stanley's Expedition: A Retrospect. Fortnightly Review, January. Supreme Court, The Power of the. Eaton S. Drone. The Forum, Feb. Telepathie, Das Geheimnis der, und die moderne Natur-wissenschaft. Camille Flammarion. Deutsche Revue, January. Tempelschlaf, Moderner. Carl du Prel. Sphinx, January. Tennyson's (Lord) New Volume. Alfred Austin. National Review, Jan. Theosophy, The "Divine Wisdom." H. S. Olcott. National Review, Jan. Trades Unionism for Women. Emilia F. S Dilke. New Review, January. Travel, Tarry at Home Travel. IV. Edward E. Hale. New England Magazine, February. Trusts, and How to Deal With Them. George Gunton. Chautauquan, Feb. Unconscious Life, The. Christopher Pearse Cranch. Unitarian Review, Feb. Unreconstructed, One of the. John T. Morse, Jr. Atlantic, February. Devoted to Jefferson Davis. Utopias, Two New. Emile De Laveleye. Contemporary Review, Jan. Edward Bellamy's 66 Looking Backward," and Charles Secrétan's "Mon Utopie." Viking Age, The. view, January. Westminster Re Vote. Did the Fathers Vote? J. F. Jameson. New England Magazine, January. Wages of Labour, The. Edinburgh Review, January. Waves, The Work of. N. S. Shaler. Chautauquan, February. of. Wilkie Collins's Novels. Andrew Lang. Contemporarg Review, Jan. Wollstonecraft, Mary, The Writings Westminster Review, January. Women in Literature, The Immoral Influence of. H. H. Gardner. The Arena, February. Women, The Decline of Reserve among. Katie Cowper. Nineteenth Century, January. Wunder, Ueber wahre und falsche. Ludwig Buchner. Deutsche Revue, January. |