G. L. Bauer's kurzes Lehrbuch der hebr. Alterthümer des A. und N. Test.-L. 1799. 8. J, J, Bellermann Handbuch der bibl. Litteratur, enthaltend Archæologie, Geographie, Chronologie, Genealogie, Geschichte, Naturlehre, und Naturgeschichte, Mythologie und Göttergeschichte, Alterthümer, Kunstgesch. Nachrichten von den bibl. Schriftstellern, Erf. 1797. ss. IV. ss. et T. I. secunda editio. A. G. Brehme Geschichte des Orients, besonders Palæstinas älterer und neuerer Zeit, benebst einer Kritik bibl. Stellen, Goth, 1802, 3. 8. J. G. Goetzinger philol. Excursionem zur Erkl. des N. T. aus den Gottesd, und gerichtl. Alterth, des A. B. Freyb. 1786. s. 2. 8. 6. From the Grecian history is to be learned, principally, what relates to the Seleucidæ, the kingdom of Macedon, the affairs of Asia Minor, and Achaia. It is of importance also, to be acquainted with the Sacred rites of the Greeks-their games-their judicial procedures, &c. C. Bruenings Compendium antiquitatum græcarum e profanis ad sacrarum litterarum interpretationem accommodavit. Ed. III, Francof. ad M. 1759. 8. J. G. Ungeri Analecta Antiquaria sacra, L. 1740. 8. P. Zornii Bibliotheca antiquaria et exegetica. Frf. 1774. s. XII. 8.—Jac. Lydii Agonistica Sacra. Roterod. 1657. 12. Et cum Jo. Lomeieri addit. Zutphan. 1700. 12. 7. The Roman history, from the time of Augustus, and the history of the Roman provinces, throws great light on many passages of the N. T. J. T. Krebsü, de usu et praestantia Romanæ historia in N. T. interpretatione libellus, L. 1745. 8. Jac. Perizonii, diss. de Augustea orbis terrarum descriptione, adi. ejus Diss. de Prætorio, L. B. 1696. 8. To this head belongs, the history of the Presidents of Syria, and the Procurators of Judea. JD Schoeflini Chronologia Romanorum Syriæ præfectorum, in Comm. hist. et ait. p. 433. Lardner's history of the Princes and Governors mentioned in the N. T. 8. From the Roman antiquities, are to be learned, the administration of the provinces, their jurisprudence, their tributes, military affairs, weights and measures, times of enrolment, &c. We must be careful not to make an injudicious application of ancient rites and customs to the N. T.; and secondly, not to confound times, by supposing what is mentioned as prevailing at one period, was as a matter of course, also prevalent, in the times of the Sacred Writers. J. T. Krebsii Comm. de ratione N. Test. e moribus antiquis illustrandi, minus caute instituta, opusce. p. 519. 9. With history should be united chronology. Besides the works of Usser, Spanheim, Bengel, and others, consult the Writers, of Harmonies of the Gospels, of the annals of Paul, (Jo. Pearson.) and of the history of the Apostles, (Lud. Cappeli) Historia Apostolica illustrata, 1683. 4. Some knowledge of the heathen Mythology will also be found useful in reading the N. Testament. VIII. The use and proper application of other departments of learning, which have reference to antiquity. To this head belongs, 1. Natural history, both general, and as peculiarly pertaining to the countries in which the Sacred Writers lived. Botany especially will be found useful. (A. F. Michaelis de studio hist. natur. theologiæ adjuments, Vit. 1790. Besides the authors quoted above, consult, S. Oedmann Vermischte Sammlungen aus der Naturkunde zur Erklãrung der heil. Schr. aus dem Schwed. übersetzt, von D. Groening, Rost. 1786. H. E. Warnekros Comm. de Palestinæ fertilitate præcipuisque illius dotibus cum Ægypto comparatis, in Repert. bibl. et orient Litt. T. XIV and XV. J. G. Buchlii et G. F. Walchii, Calendaria Palestine œconomica, Gött. 1785. 4. Math. Hilleri Hierophyticon s. Commentarius in loca SS. quæ plantarum faciunt mentionem, Traj. ad Rh. 1725. II. 4. Olai Celsii Hierobotanicon s. de plantis S. Scripturæ. Ups. 1745, 47. II. 8. J. R. Fosteri de bysso antiquorum Liber singularis, Lond. 1776. 8. Wolfg. Franzii Historia animalium (quæ in SS. Commemorantur) cum commentariis et Supplementis-opera Jo. Cypriani Francof. et L. 1712. Sam. Bocharti Hierozoicon, s. de animalibus S. Ser. Lugd. B. 1792. recensuit, suis notis adjectis, Ein. Fr. Car. Rosenmueller Lips. 1793–96. III. 4. Hierozoici ex Sam. Bocharto, itinerariis variis aliisque virorum doctiss. commentariis, compositi Specimina tria, auctore Fr. Jac. Schoder, Tub. 1784-86. 8 Joh. Braunius de vestitu Sacerdotum Hebr. has some remarks on the precious stones mentioned in Scripture. A. F. Rugius Gemeinnütz. Abhh. für Freunde der Bibel, über klima, Naturgesch. etc. des morgenlandes, Witt. 1786. Russel's Natural History of Aleppo. Niebuhr's Travels and description of Arabia and the writings of Michaelis, Forskol and others. 2. Medicine, the science generally, and as it existed among the Hebrews, Egyptians, and Greeks. Tho. Bartholini Paralytici N. T. medico et philologico commentario illustrati, L. 1685. 8. Ejusd. miscellanea medica de morbis biblicis. Frf. 1705. 8. G. W. Wedelii Centuria Exercitationum medico philologicarum sacrarum et profanarum, Dicades X. Jen. 1702. Centuriæ secundæ dicades V, et 1705-20. 4. Rich. Mead Medica Sacra, Lond. 1749. 8. G. G. Richteri dissertationes quatuor medicæ, Gött. 1775. 4. C. E. Eichenbach Scripta medico biblica. Rott. 1779. Medicinisch hermeneutische Untersuchungen der in der Bibel vorkommenden krankengeschichten, L. 1794. 8. J. S Lindinger de Hebr. Vett, arte medica, de dæmone et dæmonicis, Vit. 1773. 8. 3. Mathematics and Physics. J. B. Wiedeburgii mathesis biblica, Jen. 1730. 4. E. B. Wiedeburg Natur-und Grössenlehre in ihrer Anwendung zur Rechtfertigung der h. Schr. Nürnb. 1782. J.J. Scheuchzeri Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Naturwissenschaft der in der heil. Schr. vorkommenden natürl. Sachen, Augsb. et Ulm. 1731-35. V. f. et Physica Sacra, iconibus æneis illustrata. 1727. 4. Jurisprudence, especially that of the Romans. Gust. Sam. Theod. Baumgarten Crusii Specimina II. Jurisprudentia in illustrando N. T. Lucina., Lips. 1801. Em. Merilli notæ philol. in passionem Christi. J. O. Westenbergii de jurisprudentia Pauli Apostoli in ejus opusce, acadd. fascic. primo ed Püttmann, L. 1794. A. G. Marche Specimen jurisprud. Pauli Apostoli quoad rem tutelarem, L. 1736. 4. 5. Philosophy, philosophy of the mind, the history of philosophy. Car. Fr. Baueri Logica Paullina in usum exegeseos et doctrinæ sacræ, Hal. Magd. 1774. 8. J. F. Roos diss. præs Schnurrer defensa, Rudimenta Logicæ Sacræ, Tub. 1776. J. Gottl. Muensch Psychologie des N. T., Regensb. 1802. J. G. Walch Comment. de arte aliorum animos cognoscendi, Jen. 1783. Dispute has arisen upon this subject, partly from the ambiguity of the expressions, and partly from the abuse in its application. The uses of Philosophy and its history, consists, a. In enabling us to fix, with more accuracy, the meaning of certain words and phrases. The Philosophy of language, has of late been very accurately investigated. b. In investigating and determining the meaning of sentences, and the primary and general idea attached to them. S. F. N. Mori diss. de notionibus universis in theologia, Diss. theol. et phil. I. p. 239. c. In illustrating expressions, rules, and precepts, and their causes. d. In discovering the logical connexion of the ideas, and obtaining a clear view of the argument. They are chargeable with the abuse of Philosophy, who apply it to the explanation of popular expressions, and pervert the grammatical and historical meaning of words from philosophical reasons. e. A knowledge of criticism and rhetoric, will be found useful to the interpreter. IX. The proper use of the ancient interpreters. The authority of no interpreter, however excellent, can decide what is the meaning of any particular passage; yet testimony or opinion of commentators is important, and they frequently point out the way in which the true meaning may be ascertained. We should examine, a. The Commentaries and Homilies of the most distinguished ecclesiastical writers; among the Greeks those of Origen, Chrysostom, Isidore, of Pelusium, Theodoret, Theophylact, Oecumenius, Euthymius; among the Latins, Jerome, Augustine, Hilary, Pelagius, Druthmarus; among the Syrians, Ephrem and the Nestorians. Franc. Ruitzii Canones s. Regulæ intelligendi S. Scripturas ex mente patrum. Erf. 1611. 8. Dan. Whitby. Diss. de SS. SS. interpretatione secundum Patrum commentarios. Lond. 1714. 8. Interpretationes N. T. ex Hippolyto collectæ ab E. A. Frommano. Cob. 1765. Ejusd. Interpretatt. N. T. ex Irenæo, ib. 1766. Semler Antiquitatum hermenn. ex Tertull. Specimen, Hal. 1765. J. D. Winckleri Philologemata Lactantiana-Brunsu. 1754. 8. The different methods of interpretation in the writings of the Fathers, should be distinguished: the allegorical, mystical, œconomical, polemical, doctrinal, moral, grammatical. b. The ancient versions of which we have already gi ven an account. a. The Syriac. Mich. Weberi L. de usu versionis Syriaca hermeneutico L. 1778. 8. Fr. Eb. Boysen Kritische Erläut. des Grundtextes der h. Schr. des N. T. aus der Syr. Uebers. Drey Stucke., Quedl. 1762. 8. Lud. de Dieu Critica Sacra, Amst. 1693. f. b. Latin. M. Chr. Gf. Mueller de usu versionis LL. SS. latinæ, quam vulgatam vocant, in interpretando V. et N. T. Spec. I, II. Schleiz. 1782. |