3. Yonder slip of a boy feels to be true of the king - all that Shakespeare says in the corner. in these Rocky Mountain soli

of himself

4. One cannot express tudes the silence the sense of space atmospheric beauty - nor can one describe.

the peculiar

5. An idle boy invented the safety valve - to let off the superabundant steam - to save himself the trouble — in a steam engine of opening a small door.

III. Tell the object in each of the sentences below. Explain the position of the object, and change the sentence to its declarative order:

I.

The violets, cowslips, and the primroses,
Bear to my closet. SHAKESPEARE.

2. What a world of merriment their melody foretells!

3.

These hoards of truth, books,

You can unlock at will. WORDSWORTH.

4. Thy eternal sway all the race of men obey.

5. The novel, in its best form, I regard as one of the most powerful engines of civilization ever invented.

HERSCHEL.

6. "Sad is my fate!" said the heart-broken stranger. 7. Me he restored to my office and him he hanged. 8. Thine ear give to every man, but thy voice to few.

X. ADVERBIAL ELEMENTS EMPHATIC.

An adverbial element is rendered prominent by being placed at the beginning of the sentence; as:

Scarcely for a righteous man will one die, yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die.

I. Select the adverbial elements in the following sentences, explain their position, and change the elements of each sentence to their usual order:

1. Before high Heaven and in the face of the world, I swear eternal fidelity to the just cause.

LINCOLN.

2. Back, back to its depths went the ebbing tide.

II. Write the following sentences so as to make the adverb or the adverbial phrase emphatic :

1. The animals excel us in some respects.

2. All the organs are sheathed in a snake; it has no hands, no feet, no fins, no wings.

in bird and beast, and begin to play. in man, and full of joyful action.

The organs are released

They are all unbound

3. David encountered Goliath with a simple sling and stone, and slew him.

4. A skillful eye can discriminate different kinds of wood by observing the grain.

5. The Pilgrims set sail without aid from the government, and without any royal charter, for the New World. 6. The bee collects but very little honey from a single flower.

7. The sparrow lives in affluence during three-quarters of the year. He makes his raids on gardens, fields, and meadows.

8. He earns his bread by the work of his own hands. 9. We judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing, while others judge us by what we have already done. 10. A straight line is the shortest in morals as in mathematics.

XI. STYLE. ITS QUALITIES.

Having something to say, we must know how to say it. We need to select proper words to express our thoughts, and to combine these words into pleasing sentences and paragraphs.

The manner in which one expresses his thoughts by means of words is called his style. To write in a good style, one must express his thoughts clearly and in such a manner as to impress and please others.

A good style in writing must, therefore, possess clearness, force, and attractiveness.

These terms, clearness, force, and attractiveness, should not be considered as entirely distinct each from the others; for whatever adds to the clearness of a sentence or a paragraph adds to its force; and, usually, whatever adds to its force adds to its attractiveness. In the practical work of composition, however, whatever pains the writer takes in the selection of his words, or in their arrangement, is taken mainly to make his writing more clear, or more forcible, or more attractive, and for some one of these purposes more than for another. Hence, how to make his style more clear, forcible, and attractive is that upon which the young writer needs special instruction.

XII. UNITY.

It is a common fault of young writers to maké rambling sentences.

Do not join sentence to sentence by the use of and or some other connective. See that each sentence is complete in itself, and not a union of several complete sentences.

Exercises.

I. Improve the following sentences:

The tiger is not a bold hunter and he does not chase his prey, and he hides in the grass by the roadside and in ditches near drinking places, and, like the cat, he waits until his victim is near enough and then pounces suddenly upon it, and cattle soon learn when a tiger is about, and

they stay in the open meadows, for they can scent him a long way off, and they keep well away from the tall reeds and thickets.

There is a kind of spider that is called the mason spider, and it builds a house and fixes to it a door, and the door opens and shuts on a hinge like the lid of a box, and this spider digs a hole in the ground about the size of a man's finger, and lines it with silk of its own weaving and keeps it warm and dry, and it makes a trap door of wet earth mixed with a little silk, and the hinges on which this door opens and shuts are made of fine silk; and then there is another kind of spider called the geometrical spider, and it weaves its web with lines running out like the spokes of a wheel from a center, and it crosses these spokes with regular lines.

II. Compare the two following notes, and explain why one is better than the other:

1. I intend to go to the country next week, but I shall do the errands for you before I go, though some of them may be troublesome, as you say, but with Jane's help I am sure I can accomplish them all, although the most difficult of all will be to match that silk, which is of a peculiar shade, and I will send the packages to you by express as soon as possible.

2. I intend to go to the country next week, but I shall do these errands for you before I go. Some of them may be troublesome, as you say, but with Jane's help I am sure I can accomplish them all. The most difficult of all will be to match that silk, which is of a peculiar shade. I will send the packages to you by express as soon as possible.

III. A sentence should present to the mind but one thought and those modifications of that thought which