4. Borrow neither money nor time from your neighbor. 5. One bad example spoils many good precepts.

6. O! what a tangled web we weave,

When first we practise to deceive.

7. One golden day redeems a weary year.

SCOTT.

XV. ANALYSIS.

The elements of a sentence are the parts that have separate uses in the sentence.

An element may be any part of speech, a phrase, or a clause.

Naming the elements of a sentence and stating their relations to each other is called analysis.

Naming the parts of speech in a sentence and telling their forms and their relations to each other is called parsing.

The simple subject of a sentence is also the subject of the verb in that sentence. The simple predicate is the verb, or the verb and its predicate noun or adjective. [A phrase or a clause may sometimes be used like a predicate noun.]

In analyzing a sentence find first the verb and next the subject of the verb.

Exercise.

Analyze the following sentences by naming the subject and the predicate :

1. Snow has fallen.

2. He will have gone.
3. Iron has been melted.

4. Who had been sleeping?
5. March.

8. A little bird whispered the secret.

9. Contentment opens the source of every joy. 10. The breaking waves dashed high. HEMANS.

II.

Flowers are springing, birds are singing,

Bees are humming all around;

Joy and pleasure without measure

Welcome us in every sound.

12. How poor are they that have no patience!

13. Cowards have no luck.

14. The brave love mercy.

The form of written analysis presented in this book is very convenient, because the analysis is shown without rewriting the sentence or disturbing the order of the words.

It should be borne in mind that no form of analysis teaches the pupil anything. Its only value is as a convenient form of recitation, showing quickly to the teacher that the relations of the elements of the sentence are understood.

Any form of analysis that requires a large expenditure of time by the pupil and the construction of cumbersome diagrams costs more than it is worth.

The elements of a sentence are:

1. Subject,

2. Predicate (verb),

3. Modifiers,

4. Complements,

5. Connectives,

6. Independent elements.

These numbers, 1-6, may be used to mark the elements as they stand in sentences.

I denotes the subject; 2 denotes the predicate; 3 denotes a modifier-placed above the word, an adjective modifier, placed below it, an adverbial modifier; 4 denotes a complement-placed above the word, a predicate adjective, below it, a predicate noun.

An object may be denoted by "o" so that its mark becomes 4° placed below it.

A coördinate connective (page 266) may be marked 5+, and a subordinate connective, 5

Nouns in apposition and in the possessive case are adjective elements. Nouns used adverbially may be marked as adverbial elements.

The application of these suggestions is simple, and may be readily learned by studying the marking of the following sentences:

3

Å good pupil studies his lesson carefully.

2 3

He was a man of great prominence in the community.

A word understood may be indicated by the letter X;

I

thus: X Halt.

Exercises.

I. Analyze the following sentences by naming the subject, the predicate, and the adjective element modifying the subject:

1. Cold winds may chill.

2. The old house remains.

3. A boy is running.

4. An apple might have fallen.

5. The large house might have been painted.

6. Should gray hairs be respected?

7.

Will you all come?

8. The fair young flowers are gone.

9. The bubbling brook doth leap. 10. The winged arrows fly.

II. The discontented pendulum complained. 12. Many strange things have happened.

13. Tints of beauty paint the sky.

14. The love of money is the root of all evil.

15. Learning without thought is labor lost. - CONFUCIUS. 16. A traveler without observation is a bird without wings.

SAADI.

II. Analyze the following sentences by indicating subject, predicate, complement, adjective element, and adverbial element.

1. I am fearfully and wonderfully made. BIBLE.
2. A new broom sweeps clean.

3. The humming-bird's eggs are tiny and pearly white.
4. How sleep the brave!

5. The dew was falling fast.

6. Slowly and smoothly went the ship.

7. The ripest fruit first falls.

8. The goose gabbles amid the melodious swans.

9.

Our thoughts are heard in heaven.

YOUNG.

VIRGIL.

10. Wisdom comes to no one by chance. SENECA. 11. Weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning. Bible.

12.

Out of eternity this new day is born;
Into eternity, at night, will return.

III. Analyze the following sentences:

1. Henry is the boy.

2. He was a painter.

CARLYLE.

3.

He may be a merchant.

4. He might have been a smart lawyer.

5.

The way was long.

6. George Washington was elected President.

7. The old man has become a confirmed invalid.

8. Little Mary was usually considered a smart girl.

9. The wise are the good.

10. Are they wise?

II. Was he well?

12. It is I.

13. The milk is turning sour.

14. He has been growing fleshy.

15. She looked pale.

16. The air felt cold.

17. I have driven that horse.

18. Self-conquest is the greatest victory.

19. Ericsson built the Monitor.

20. Can Honor's voice provoke the silent dust? — GRAY. 21. All just laws condemn cruelty.

22. Napoleon Bonaparte died an exile.

23. Longfellow may be called "The Children's Poet."