Hear the busy lark, the messenger of day! — CHaucer. 3. 4. The miser, poor fool, not only starves his body, but also his own soul. PARKER. 5. Five great enemies of peace inhabit us - avarice, ambition, envy, anger, and pride. PETRARCH. 6. St. Paul, the apostle, was beheaded in the reign of Nero, the tyrant. 7. John Bunyan, the author of "The Pilgrim's Progress," was the son of a tinker. 8. Would you like to visit that wonderful region of geysers and hot springs, the Yellowstone Park? 9. The glorious lamp of heaven, the radiant sun, is Nature's eye. 10. These gay idlers, the butterflies, Broke to-day from their winter shroud. II. Ali reclined, a man of war and woes. BYRON. IV. Analyze the following sentences: 1. John the coachman was hurt. 2. Mr. Smith, the carpenter, may be living. 3. Our country's sixteenth President, Abraham Lincoln, is considered a martyr. 4. You did it yourself. 5. Your brothers, Thomas and Henry, were seen. 6. My brother Philip's eldest son lived a hermit. 7. The reading-room is well furnished with periodicals, - quarterlies, monthlies, weeklies, and dailies. 8. Pride, that never-failing vice of fools, is not easily defined. 9. The letter o is a vowel. 10. The word athwart is a preposition. II. We, the people of the United States, are free and independent. XXVI. CASE. — THE POSSESSIVE. The form of a noun which denotes ownership or possession is called the possessive form, or the possessive case; as: Ruth's book is new. The possessive case is formed from the nominative by the addition of 's. If the noun is plural, and ends in s, the apostrophe only is added. The s is sometimes omitted in singular nouns when its pronunciation would occasion an unpleasant succession of sounds; as, for conscience' sake. The idea of ownership is often expressed by a phrase introduced by the preposition of; as: The palace of the queen. Besides the idea of ownership or possession, the possessive case is used to denote source or origin, kind, and measure; as: the river's brink, a week's time, the sun's rays, children's shoes, a pound's weight. When joint ownership is indicated, the sign of possession is affixed to the last name only; as: Mason and Dixon's line. When the ownership is separate, the sign is affixed to each name; as: Look in Webster's and Worcester's dictionaries. In the phrase "The Queen of England's domains,” the sign of possession is joined to the word England because Queen of England is used as a single noun. If two nouns denoting possession are in apposition, the sign of possession is affixed to the last one only; as: 3. The English sailor's hat might have been lost. 5. Boston is Dr. Franklin's native place. 6. Providence was Roger Williams's home. 8. Morning's golden light is breaking. 9. Charles's drawing is admired. 10. The old man's hearing is good. 11. The Duke of Wellington's grave was seen. 13. A week's time has been lost already. A noun or a pronoun used as the object of a verb is in the objective case; as:— Edison invented the phonograph. Intransitive verbs may take after them an object kindred in meaning to the verb; as:— 1. He dreams a dream. 2. He sleeps the sleep of death. 3. Let us live a life of faith. 4. They danced a minuet. A noun or a pronoun used with a preposition to form a phrase is called the object of the preposition, and is in the objective case; as: [A noun in the possessive form is sometimes in the objective case with the preposition of; as, That horse of Brown's is very fast.] Exercises. I. To tell the construction of a noun or a pronoun is to tell in what case it is, and to tell upon what word or phrase it depends and its relation to that word or phrase, or whether it is independent. Tell the construction of the nouns and the pronouns in the following paragraph: By the side of a pond a company of idle boys were watching some frogs, and were pelting them with stones whenever they lifted their heads above the water. A frog finally said to them: "It may be fine sport for you to throw stones, but you forget that it is death to us." / II. In the following sentences find the nouns in the objective case, and tell upon what word each depends : — 1. Grief hallows hearts, even while it ages heads. · BAILEY. 2. John Milton wrote "Paradise Lost." 3. Beware of entrance to a quarrel. 4. Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo by Wellington. 5. White light is produced by the blending of the seven prismatic colors. 6. Only calm waters reflect heaven in their bosom. 7. The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory. — BIBLE. 8. A friend should bear his friend's infirmities. 9. We should hide the faults of others. 10. The warrior bowed his crested head, and tamed his heart of fire, And sued the haughty king to free his long-impris oned sire. HEMANS. III. Analyze the following sentences: 1. We saw John. 2. He will shut this door. 3. Who opened it? 4. They may take a ride. 5. Bring that book. 6. Our little party could hear the singing birds. boy flew his kite. 8. The farmer grows grain. boy walked the horse. 10. They will run the boat. 7. The 9. The IV. In the following selection from the poem of "The Brook," point out all the nouns that are in the objective case, and tell what each is the object of; also point out all the verbs, and state whether each verb is transitive or intransitive. THE BROOK. I steal by lawns and grassy plots, I move the sweet forget-me-nots I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance, I make the netted sunbeams dance |