Exercise.

Select the relative pronouns in the following sentences and tell their antecedents.

1. The blast that blows loudest is soon overblown.

2. The great man is he who does not lose his child's heart.

3.

To me the meanest flower that blows can give
Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears.
WORDSWORTH.

4. The men who manipulate to-day the levers that move the world were nearly all poor boys.

MARDEN.

5. Nothing is impossible to the man who can will.

MIRABEAU.

6. It is he who is in the wrong who first gets angry.

ΡΕΝΝ.

7. Men are like Geneva watches with crystal faces, which expose the whole movement. EMERSON.

8. Do the duty which lies nearest to thee. GOETHE. 9. The path of duty lies in what is near, and men seek for it in what is remote; the work of duty lies in what is easy, and men seek for it in what is difficult. MENCIUS.

XXXIV. THE INDEFINITE RELATIVE PRONOUN.

Whoso, what, and the compounds of who, which, and what, with ever and soever, are used to introduce clauses referring to some indefinite person or thing. They are called indefinite relative pronouns.

Make a list of the indefinite relative pronouns.
Whoever is equivalent to any one who.

Any one is the antecedent part and who the relative part.

In the sen

tence, Whoever is idle will fail, the antecedent part of

whoever is the subject of the verb will fail; the relative part is the subject of the verb is.

Exercise.

Select the indefinite relative pronouns in the sentences below. Tell to what each is equivalent, and state the construction of the antecedent part and of the relative part.

1. Whoever wastes his time will fail to improve.

2. Whatever is evil should be avoided.

3. What I want is not what I shall get.

4. Sell it for what you can get.

5. Whosoever will may come.

6. Give it to whoever applies for it.

7. Give me whichever you please.

8. Whatsoever God doeth it shall be forever.

BIBLE.

9.

Whoso findeth me findeth life. - BIBLE.

XXXV. THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN.

The pronouns who, which, and what are sometimes used in asking questions, and are then called interrogative pronouns; as:

Who comes there? Which do you prefer? What is the matter?

When an interrogative pronoun is used in a question, its antecedent must be given in the answer. The antecedent in the answer should have the same case as the pronoun in the question; as:

Who, which, and what are interrogative or relative pronouns according to their use.

Which, whose, and what are often used as interrogative adjectives also; as:

Which book will you take?

Whose hat is that?

What kind of man is he?

XXXVI. THE ADJECTIVE PRONOUN.

1. This day is a fine day.
2. This is a fine day.

In the first sentence, this is an adjective modifying day; in the second it is a pronoun, the subject of the verb is.

A word that may be used either as an adjective or as a pronoun may be called an adjective pronoun or a pronominal adjective.

When such a word is an adjective in construction it may be called a pronominal adjective, or simply an adjective; when it is used as a pronoun it may be called an adjective pronoun, or simply a pronoun.

The convenient test of the adjective pronoun is, Is it used as a noun, and may it be used as an adjective?

In the sentence, One should attempt but one thing at a time, which word one is an adjective pronoun ?

The words commonly used as adjective pronouns or as pronominal adjectives are:

this, that, these, those, each, every, either, neither, some, any, many, few, all, both, no, such, and other.

An adjective is sometimes used as a noun; as:

The good are happy. None but the brave deserve the fair.

Exercise.

Name the pronominal adjectives and adjective pronouns in the sentences below, and give the case and construction of each.

1. One person was taken and another person was left. 2. One was taken and another left.

3. Each pupil will be called upon to recite.

4. Each will be called upon to recite.

5. For many are called, but few chosen.

BIBLE.

6. Those who try to do something and fail are better

than those who do not try at all.

7. Many men have many minds.

8. Many of our cares are but a morbid way of looking at our privileges.

SCOTT.

9. One triumphs over calumny only by disdaining it.

II.

ΜΑΙΝΤΕΝΟΝ.

10. Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night! 11. "Life of my desires," said Pyrocles, "what is mine, even to my soul, is yours; but the secret of my friend is

not mine."

XXXVII. DECLENSION.

The variation in form of nouns and pronouns to express change in number and case is called declension.

The declension of nouns has been given sufficiently in the directions for the formation of plurals and of the possessive case. The nominative and objective cases of

nouns have the same form.

NOTE. The regular variations in form of the parts of speech are three declension, comparison, and conjugation. Declension belongs to nouns and pronouns; comparison, to adjectives and adverbs; and conjugation, to verbs.

The rare form of the second personal pronoun is sometimes used in solemn or poetical style, and by the Friends in familiar discourse.

Mine, ours, thine, yours, hers, and theirs are additional

forms implying possession, but used as pronouns in the nominative and objective cases.

indeclinable. The compound forms of who and which

are declined like the simple forms.

Decline the compounds of who and which.