Analyze the following sentences:

2. I will take

3. Thine is the king

1. You have your plan, and I have mine. my method, and you may use yours. dom. 4. Mary has brought her work, but Lucy has left hers. 5. I will sell my land, but I will not buy theirs. 6. This house is ours. 7. I would not exchange my place for theirs. 8. His house was not ours, nor was ours his.

XXXVIII. AGREEMENT OF A PRONOUN WITH ITS
ANTECEDENT.

Review Section XXXI on page 220.

A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number, person, and gender.

If a pronoun has two or more antecedents of different persons, it should be of the first person rather than of the second or third, and of the second rather than of the third; as:

Ellen and I have our books.

You and Harold may fold your hands.

Exercise.

Tell the antecedent of each pronoun in the following sentences, and explain its number, person, and gender :

1. He was fond of nothing more than of wit and raillery, but he was far from successful in them.

2. Every one should forgive his enemy.

3. You and I must correct our exercises, or we shall lose our credit.

4. One or the other of these boys must give up his claim. 5. Every pupil may learn his lesson.

6. The multitude, with all their means of instruction,

are ignorant.

7. The public are invited, and we promise them much pleasure.

8. You and Laura must give up your plan.

9. Ethel and I have made up our minds.

10. Neither of them has any knowledge of this study. II. Each of the concerts occurs on Monday.

XXXIX. VOICE.

1. The ball broke the window.

2. The window was broken by the ball.

3.

The class read the lesson.

4. The lesson was read by the class.

5. A mother loves her children.

6. The children are loved by their mother.

In

Name the subject in each of these sentences. which sentences is the subject represented as acting? In which sentences is the subject represented as being acted upon?

What difference in meaning between the first sentence and the second? What difference in the arrangement of the words? Answer the same questions about the third and fourth sentences; the fifth and sixth sentences. What variation in the form of the verb do you notice in the first two sentences? In the second two? In the last two?

Voice is the form of the verb which shows whether the subject is acting or being acted upon.

A verb that represents its subject as acting is in the active voice; as:

Maurice throws the ball.

A verb that represents its subject as acted upon is in the passive voice; as:

The ball is thrown by Maurice.

An intransitive verb cannot represent its subject as being acted upon, and so it has the active voice only.

Exercises.

Which Which are

I. Name the verbs in the sentences below. Which of them are transitive verbs in the active voice? are transitive verbs in the passive voice? intransitive verbs?

1. The wind carried the ship into the harbor.
2. The ship was borne by the wind into the harbor.
3. Silence does not always mark wisdom.

4. Wisdom is not always marked by silence.

5. The burden which is cheerfully borne becomes light. 6. Whoever looks for a friend without imperfections will never find what he seeks.

7. Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.

8. How the rain falls!

9. Do at once what you have to do.

10. Have you heard the news?

BIBLE.

II. The verbs in the following sentences are all transitive in the active voice; change them to the passive voice :

1. One man cannot expiate the wrongs of another. [Changed to the passive voice this sentence becomes: The wrongs of one man cannot be expiated by another.]

2. The apparel oft proclaims the man. SHAKESPEARE. 3. Vulcan made arms for Achilles,

4. My lord, you know I love you.

་

5. Nature does nothing in vain.

6. Mozart wrote his "Requiem" on his deathbed.

7. Burns wrote many of his beautiful poems while working on a farm.

8. New occasions teach new duties.

9.

LOWELL.

Time makes ancient good uncouth. LOWELL.

10. God has given the land to man, but the sea he has reserved to himself.

SWAIN.

II. Horatius, with two companions, held ninety thousand Tuscans at bay.

XL. MODE.

We may use verbs in sentences in several ways, or modes.

1. We may make a statement, as, I have studied my lesson; or we may ask a question, as, Have you studied your lesson ?

2. We may make a supposition; as, If I were to study harder, I should improve faster.

3. We may command; as, Study your lesson. These variations of form in the verb are called modes.

Mode is the form of the verb which shows the manner of its use. There are three modes: the indicative, the subjunctive, and the imperative.

If a verb states a fact or asks a question, it is in the indicative mode; as:

Genius, like humanity, rusts for want of use.

Was Charles Sumner a native of Massachusetts ?

If the verb expresses a supposition, or implies that something is untrue or is doubtful, it is in the subjunctive mode; as: —

If I had known of the danger, I should have avoided it. If this be treason, make the most of it.

If the verb expresses a command, a wish, or a request, it is in the imperative mode; as:

Never lose a chance of saying a kind word.

Please call to-morrow.

Exercise.

Tell the mode of each verb in the sentences below; tell whether each is transitive or intransitive, and give its subject.

2.

1. The snawdrops and primrose our woodlands adorn,
And violets bathe in the weet o' the morn.
I know where the young May violet grows.

BURNS.

BRYANT.

3. He wants wit that wants resolvèd will. - SHAKESPEARE. 4. Oh, where is my wandering boy to-night?

5. Homer's Iliad celebrates the exploits of Achilles, who slew Hector.

6. Our character is our will; for what we will, we are. MANNING.

7. Defeat may be victory in disguise. — LONGFELLOW. 8. He who rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night. - FULLER.

9. You may break, you may shatter the vase, if you will, But the scent of the roses will hang round it still.

MOORE.

10. Be not afraid of enthusiasm; you need it; you can do nothing effectually without it. GUIZOT,

11. Love thyself last. SHAKESPEAre.

12. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth.

BIBLE.

13. Speak fitly or be silent wisely. — HERBERT. 14. If I were a voice, I would travel the world around. 15. If thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink. BIBLE.