Malayan Race which includes all the other barbarous inhabitants of the world.

5. Men are not to be judged by their looks habits and appearance but by the character of their lives and conversation and by their work.

XXIII. THE COLON.

The colon indicates that, though the sentence may be grammatically complete, there is something following which must be joined in thought with what precedes.

A colon should be placed before a long quotation, a speech, an argument, or a list of particulars when formally introduced.

The comma, instead of the colon, is used before a short quotation closely joined to the rest of the sentence. See page 298.

Exercises.

I. Explain the punctuation of the following sen

tences:

1. When Marmontel was regretting the excesses of the period, Chamfort asked, "Do you think that revolutions are made with rose-water?" WENDELL PHILLIPS.

2. Commodore Vanderbilt said, "The secret of my success is this: I never tell what I am going to do till I have done it."

3. It is reported of Lord Palmerston, that whenever he engaged a new cook he used to say to him, "I wish you to prepare a good table for my guests: but for me, there must always be a leg of mutton and an apple pie."

4. When the Romans were clamoring, at a time of scarcity, for a distribution of corn at the public expense,

Cato began a speech in opposition to it, thus: "It is hard, fellow-citizens, to address the stomach, because it has no

II. Punctuate the following sentences:

1. Fierce he broke forth and dar'st thou then, etc.

2. Ladies and gentlemen The subject before us is of the gravest import.

3. Lincoln when asked once for a pass through the lines refused it in a confidential whisper You know I have n't much influence with this Administration.

4. Among serpents the following may be named anaconda python rattlesnake moccasin asp adder.

III. Observe the use of the colon and the semicolon in the following exercise, and write it from dictation:

1. We have two sets of teeth:

1. Temporary.

2. Permanent.

2. Many grammarians divide grammar into four parts:

1. Orthography.
3. Syntax.

2. Etymology.
4. Prosody.

3. We ought to study diligently for the following reasons: 1. By doing so we strengthen our powers; 2. We gain knowledge that will be of great service; 3. We please our friends; 4. We gain the approval of our own conscience.

The punctuation of sentences is sometimes affected by their arrangement. Observe the punctuation in the

following sentences:

1. We have two sets of teeth, temporary and permanent. 2. Many grammarians divide grammar into four parts; Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody.

XXIV. PARENTHESES AND BRACKETS.

Parentheses may be used to inclose words which break the connection between closely related parts of the sentence, and which are not necessary to the sense.

The difference between the use of parentheses and of commas to inclose parenthetical expressions is simply one of degree. The parentheses separate the inclosed words more completely from the remainder of the sentence than the commas do; as:

I had given a large sum (four cents) for it.

I had given a large sum, four cents, for it.

Brackets are used to inclose some explanation, addition, or correction. They are also used when words not the author's are inserted.

Do not interrupt the thought of a sentence by the needless use of parenthetical remarks.

Compare the two following letters and explain why one is more pleasing than the other:

I received yours of the 25th ult. (although it did not come to hand until the 6th inst., owing to the recent blockade), and I now take the first opportunity business affords (which is very good of late) of answering it, and which I shall do with as much attention to all your requests as my spare time (which, as I said before, is now very agreeably contracted by the increased business) will permit me, and I think you will find them all fulfilled in about three weeks (or a little later).

Yours of the 25th ult. did not come to hand till the 6th inst., owing to the recent blockade, and this is my first

opportunity for answering it. I fear that my time is too limited, because of an increased amount of business, to permit my paying as much attention to your requests as I should like to do; but you may depend upon my attending to all of them within the next three weeks.

XXV. THE DASH.

1. The dash may be used to denote an abrupt change of thought, or change in the form of expression; as:

He sometimes counsel takes, — and sometimes snuff.

2. The dash may be used between letters or figures to denote that the intervening letters or figures are to be included; as:

Grant was President 1869-1876.

3. A dash is often put after a comma or colon at the end of a paragraph or in a broken line; as:

The following is a portion of President Lincoln's second Inaugural Address:

Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained.

4. A side head is set off by a period and a dash; as shown in the line below:

NOTE.

thesis.

The dash is sometimes used in place of the paren

Exercise.

Explain the use of the dash in the following sen

tences:

1. Gold, what can it not do, and undo! SHAKESPEARE. 2. Before my face my handkerchief I spread,

To hide the flood of tears I did not shed.

3.

The pages of history

how is it that they are so sad?

4. Was there ever

but I will not question.

XXVI. AN EXERCISE IN PUNCTUATION.

Arrange the following in its proper form as poetry, and punctuate it correctly:

ABOU BEN ADHEM.

Abou Ben Adhem may his tribe increase awoke one night from a deep dream of peace and saw within the moonlight of his room making it rich and like a lily in bloom an angel writing in a book of gold exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold and to the presence in the room he said what writest thou the vision raised its head and with a look made of all sweet accord answered the names of those who love the Lord and is mine one said Abou nay not so replied the angel Abou spake more low but cheerly still and said I pray thee then write me as one that loves his fellowmen the angel wrote and vanished the next night it came again with a great wakening light and showed the names whom love of God had blest and lo Ben Adhems name led all the rest. LEIGH HUNT.

XXVII. MARKS OF CORRECTION.

The caret [^] shows where something is to be inserted. Words to be inserted may be written above the caret or in the margin.

If a period is to be inserted, place it in the nearer margin and inclose it in a circle [O]; if quotation marks or apostrophes are to be inserted, place them in the margin within an angle [ý v]; if a dash or a hyphen is to