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Dix.

Tennessee, and Texas; such indignities as to render life burdensome, in Missouri, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington, and Wyoming; notorious immorality of the husband before marriage, unknown to the wife, in West Virginia; fugitive from justice, in Virginia; gross misbehavior or wickedness, in Rhode Island; gross neglect of duty, in Kansas and Ohio; attempt on life, in Illinois; refusal of the wife to move into the state, in Tennessee; mental incapacity at the time of marriage, in Georgia; three years with any religious sect that believes the marriage relation unlawful, in Massachusetts; joining such a sect and refusing to cohabit for six months, in New Hampshire; inability to live in peace and union, in Utah; settled aversion tending to destroy all peace and happiness, in Kentucky. Absolute divorce is granted on these grounds; but condonation, or collusion, or connivance, with the purpose of procuring a divorce is in all states regarded as a bar to the dissolution of marriage. In Georgia, divorce is only granted after the same verdict has been reached by two juries at different terms of the court. In Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri, the divorced parties may remarry without restriction. In Massachusetts, either party may remarry, but the defendant must wait two years and get the permission of the court. In Virginia a decree of the court may restrain the guilty party from marrying again; and in Maine the parties cannot marry till after two years without the court's permission. In New York, the plaintiff may remarry, but the defendant is not permitted to do so in the former's life-time except by the express permission of the court, or if, after five years have passed, the plaintiff has remarried, and the defendant's conduct has been uniformly good during the interval. Violation of this rule is punished as bigamy, even when the other party has remarried. In Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, the party divorced for infidelity to the marriage vow cannot marry the partner in guilt during the life-time of the former spouse; nor in Louisiana, at any time, such marriage in the latter state being considered bigamy. In all the states, notably in New York, a jealous watch is maintained by the corts over their jurisdiction, and as a rule they refuse to acknowledge the validity of divorces granted to citizens of the state over which their jurisdiction lies by the courts of other states, unless such citizens have actually come under the jurisdiction of those courts. In Kansas, a divorce is granted to an applicant on the ground that the other party has secured a divorce in another state by whose law the defendant is forbidden to marry. If, for example, a wife secures a divorce by the law of New York, which would prohibit the husband from remarrying, the latter, by acquiring a residence in Kansas, may secure a divorce, and if the wife can be served with the papers in the case under the Kansas law, the validity of the divorce cannot be questioned in New York, and the defendant may legally remarry in that state. This affords an illustration of the way in which the legislation of one state may defeat the ends of justice as regarded in another, under the present inconsistent system of divorce in this country. The New York law sometimes permits a sort of polygamy or polyandry. Desertion for five years by either party without being heard from gives the deserted party the right to remarry. If the former return and a petition be duly filed in court, the second marriage is declared void, but only from the date of the decree of the courts. If, however, no such petition be entered and the parties concerned are satisfied, the husband may live in lawful wedlock with two or more wives, or one wife with two or more husbands. The children of both will inherit, and both wives are entitled to dower. From the conflict of laws in various countries on the subject of divorce, questions have frequently arisen as to the competency of a sentence of divorce by a tribunal having power according to the lex loci to pronounce such sentence, to annul a marriage contracted in a country where such divorce is not allowed. It appears now to be the generally received opinion, that wherever parties are domiciled they will be allowed to avail themselves of the law of this domicile. But the courts will not recognize a transient visit to a foreign country as sufficient ground to sustain a divorce.

DIX, DOROTHEA LYNDE, b. Mass., 1794. She established a school for girls in Boston, and took much interest in the unfortunate and criminal classes. In 1834, she went to Europe to study methods of the treatment of paupers, criminals, and insane persons. After a great deal of exertion she induced congress to pass a bill granting ten millions of acres of land to endow hospitals for the indigent and insane, but the measure was vetoed by Pres. Pierce. During the civil war she was superintendent of hospital nurses for the union army. Among her publications are Garland of Flora; Private Hours; Conversations about Common Things; Prisons and Prison Discipline. She d. 1887.

DIX, JOHN ADAMS, LI.D., 1798-1879; b. N. H.; a politician and soldier. In the war of 1812, he served as an ensign on the Canada frontier. In 1828, he began the practice of law in Cooperstown, N. Y., and became one of the leaders of the democratic party. In 1830, he was adjutant-gen. of the state, and in 1833, secretary of state and superintendent of common schools. He was chosen member of the assembly in 1842, and in 1845, appointed to fill a vacancy in the U. S. senate. In 1848, when the democratic party divided on the question of the extension of slavery, he went with the "free soil" wing and was their candidate for governor, but was not elected. In 1853, he was assistant treasurer of the United States in the city of New York. In 1860, he was chosen secretary of the treasury. Secession was just beginning, and New Orleans was substantially in the hands of the confederates. Two revenue cutters there were ordered

to New York by the secretary. The captain of one of them refusing to obey, secretary Dix immediately telegraphed to have him arrested and treated as a mutineer if he offered any resistance, closing the dispatch with the words: "If any man attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." In 1861, Dix was appointed maj.gen, of militia, and the same year maj.gen. of U. S. volunteers. In 1862, he was placed in command of the department of Maryland, and about the same time was sent to Fortress Monroe in command of the seventh army corps. He was in command in New York city at the time of the riots, July, 1863, and in 1864-65, commanded the department of the east. In the autumn of 1866, he was minister to France, and resigned, 1868. In 1872, the republican party elected him governor of New York. He retired in 1875, and passed the remainder of his life in private. Besides miscellaneous papers he was the author of Resources of the City of New York; Decisions of the Superintendents of Common Schools of New York, and Laws relating to Common Schools; A Winter in Madeira; A Summer in Spain and France; and two volumes of speeches.

DIX, MORGAN, S.T.D., b. New York, 1827; son of John A.; a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal church, graduate of Columbia college and of the Protestant Episcopal general theological seminary. He was ordained in 1853, and in 1855, became assistant minister of Trinity church, New York. In 1859, he was assistant rector of the parish, and in Nov., 1862, after the death of Dr. Berrien, he succeeded as rector, where he still remains. He has published, among other works, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans; An Exposition of the Epistles to the Galatians and Colossians; Lectures on the Pantheistic idea of an Impersonal Substance Deity; Essays on Christian Art: Lectures on the Two Estates; Lectures on the Prayer Book of Edward VI.; Memoirs of John A. Dix; Gospel and Philosophy; The Sacramental System; Harriet Starr Cannon (1897), etc.

DIXEY, HENRY E., actor, was born in Boston, Jan. 6, 1859. At the age of nine years he became a member of the Howard Athenæum company, Boston, taking the part of "Peanuts," in the play Under the Gaslight. He afterward appeared in Evangeline. Other rôles in which he has appeared, are: "Dr. Syntax," in Cinderella at School; "Lorenzo," in The Mascot; "Sir Mincing Lane," in Billee' Taylor; "Bunthorne," in Patience; and "Sir Joseph Porter," in Pinafore. In 1883 he was engaged at the Bijou Theatre in New York, where he played in Adonis. In one or another of his parts, he has played in all the large cities of the United States. In 1889 he produced The Seven Ages at the Standard Theatre, New York, and in 1891, The Solicitor. In 1894 he became a member of Mr. Daly's company.

DIXIE, a popular name for the southern states of the American union, much in use about the time of the secession movement. It seems to have been adopted from a song of the slaves which set forth the delights of a region where they were under a good master-the region being called Dixie's Land, from a well-known kindly slave-holder of that name. The old song, or one based upon it, became widely favored as a sectional

rival of Yankee Doodle.

DIXIE, Lady FLORENCE CAROLINE DOUGLAS, b. Scotland, 1859; dau. of the 7th marquis of Queensberry; married, 1875, Sir Alexander Beaumont Churchill Dixie, Bart. Her home is Bosworth Park, near Hinckley, in Leicestershire. Lady D. is an energetic traveler and vigorous writer; visited Patagonia with her husband and two brothers, and published Across Patagonia, 1880; traveled in South Africa, 1881, and published Defence of Zululand, 1882, and In the Land of Misfortune, 1882. Her later works include Gloriana, 1893; The New Woman, 1896, etc.

DIX ISLAND, off the Maine coast, about 10 m. s.e. of Rockland; a remarkable deposit of excellent granite, from which the New York post-office, the treasury building at Washington, and many other fine public buildings have been constructed. There are probably 1500 men and one or two hundred women and children on the island.

DIXON, a co. in n.e. Nebraska, bordering on the Missouri river; 468 sq. m.; pop. '90, 8084. Agriculture is the chief business. Co. seat, Ponca.

DIXON, a city and co. seat of Lee co., Ill., on Rock river and the Chicago and Northwestern and the Illinois Central railroads; 98 m. w. of Chicago. It contains the Northern Illinois normal school, Steinman institute, public hospital, public library, business college, national banks, electric lights, artesian well water, and manufactories of condensed milk, shoes, plows, etc. Pop. '90, 5161.

DIXON, EDWARD H., M.D., 1808-80; son of Jonathan; b. and d. New York. He studied at Rutgers medical college, and under Dr. Valentine Mott; was supt. of the house of refuge and of the asylum for deaf and dumb. He wrote From Cradle tc Grave and several other medical works; and was widely known through his incisive editing of The Scalpel, 1849-61, a popular medical magazine.

DIXON, JOSEPH, 1799-1869; b. N. J. He invented friction-matches, and made important improvements in photography, lithography, bank-note printing, steelsmelting, lens-grinding, etc., and built for his own amusement the largest orchestrion in the country, with cylinders 10 ft. in length. He was by turns a shoemaker, printer, lithographer, wood-engraver, and physician.

DIXON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH, an English author, was born in the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1821, and settled in London in 1846, where he soon acquired a considerable reputation by his writings. A series of papers published in the Daily News, • On the Literature of the Lower Orders," and another on London Prisons," attracted

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considerable attention. The latter reappeared in a volume published in 1850. Before this, but in the same year, he published John Howard, and the Prison World of Europe. It was with difficulty he could induce the publisher to accept it, yet when published, it went through three editions in one year. D. now devoted himself principally to historical biography. In 1851, appeared the first edition of his William Penn, a work called into existence by the onslaught made by Macaulay on the eminent Quaker, in which D. undertook to disprove Macaulay's charges. In 1853 was published his Life of Blake; and in the same year an anonymous pamphlet, entitled The French in England, designed to allay the fear of a French invasion then prevalent. In 1853, D. was appointed editor of the Athenæum-a chair he vacated in 1869. In 1860, he published his Life of Lord Bacon, and in 1863, The Holy Land. He gave the public New America in 1867; Spiritual Wives in 1868; Free Russia in 1870; The Switzers in 1872; History of Two Queens in 1873-74; White Conquest ('75); British Cyprus ('79). He d. '79. on the n.w. DIXON'S ENTRANCE, a strait of 100 m. in length from e. to w. coast of America, divides Queen Charlotte island on the s. from the Prince of Wales archipelago on the north. It is, therefore, of some political importance, as separating the British possessions in this quarter from those of the United States. Lat. 54 30' n., and long. 132° west.

DIXWELL, JOIN, 1608-89; of a good family in Kent; one of the judges of Charles I. After the accession of Charles II. he was condemned to death, but fled to America, and lived undiscovered in New Haven, under the assumed name of John Davids.

DIZFUL, a t. of Persia, on the river Dizful, in lat. 32° 10' n., and long. 48° 34' east. It is the capital and principal mart of its province (Khuzistan). A handsome bridge of twenty arches crosses the river here. The foundation is of stone and of ancient date, the upper portions are of brick and are modern. Pop. estimated at 16,000.

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DIZIER, ST., a t. of France, in the department of Haute-Marne, 10 m. Vassy, is situated on the Marne, which here begins to be navigable. It is a very long and narrow, but well-built town, the streets being wide, clean, and regular. In 1544, D. resisted for a month the assaults of a Spanish army under Ferdinand de Gonzaga; a resistance of the greatest consequence to the French ruler, Francis I., the delay enabling him to collect his forces to oppose the march of the Spaniards upon Paris. In 1814, the French twice defeated here the invading army of the allies. The chief industrial features of the place are iron forges and foundries, boat-building yards, in which a great number of river and canal boats are constructed, and cotton factories. There is also a considerable trade in wood, iron, and grain. Pop. '91, 13,372.

DJEZZAR, i.e., Butcher, the name given, on account of his cruelty, to Achmed Pasha, famous for his obstinate defense of Acre against Napoleon I. He was born in Bosnia about 1735, and rose, through murder and treason, from the condition of a slave to the pashalic of Acre. In the beginning of 1799, the French entered Syria from Egypt, and advanced from victory to victory till they reached Acre, which was laid siege to on the 20th Mar. By the advice of col. Philippeaux, a French émigré, and of sir Sydney Smith, the commander of the British fleet in the Levant, D. was induced to hold out; and such was the savage doggedness of his resolution, that Bonaparte was obliged to retire on the 21st of May. It is said that during the siege he sat on the floor of his palace, surrounded by a heap of gory skulls, distributing money to all who brought in the heads of Frenchmen. He died at Acre in 1804. D. was at times maniacal in his cruelties. He whipped off the heads of his wives without the slightest ceremony-seven at a time! But he had also moments of remorseful tenderness, in which he helped the poor and provided for those he had injured. He is said to have possessed the sharpest discernment, and was a very vigorous ruler.

DMITROV, an ancient t. of Russia, on the Jakhrama, an affluent to the Volga, 40 m. n. of Moscow. It covers a large area, a considerable part of which is occupied by gardens, but as a whole is poorly built. It contains a college and seven churches, and has manufactures of silk and cotton goods, tanneries, etc. Pop. 9206.

DNIE PER, one of the large rivers of Europe; has its source in certain swampy forestlands in the n. of the Russian government of Smolensk. Its general direction, until it reaches Kiev, is south. From Kiev, its course is s.e. to Ekaterinoslav, where it turns directly s. past Alexandrovsk, below which town it sweeps round to the s. w., and pursues that direction until it debouches in the Black sea, between the governments of Kherson and Taurida, its embouchure forming a gulf of about 50 m. in length, with a breadth of from 1 to 6 miles. Its principal affluents are the Desna and Soj from the e., and the Pripet, the Beresina, and the Druz from the west. The total length of the D. is upwards of 1000 m., and it is navigable almost from its source, its breadth at Dorogobush, about 50 m. below its source, being 210 feet. Some of the finest governments of the Russian empire lie within its basin, with all of which its navigable branches and canals enable it to hold communication. In its upper part, it flows through a marshy forest territory; its middle and lower course is rocky. Below Ekaterinoslav, indeed, there are no less than 13 rapids in the course of about 40 m.; but these impediments to navigation have been overcome in part by blasting, and by splendid hydraulic-works erected by the Russian government. The produce of the provinces, consisting for the most part of corn, timber, iron, salt,

hemp, and linen, are usually conveyed down the river to ports on the Black sea, but many vessels pass annually from the D. to the Baltic by the Beresina and the Dwina. At Smolensk, the waters of the D. are frozen from Nov. to April; at Kiev, they are icebound only from Jan. to Mar. Sturgeon, carp, and pike abound in the river. As the Borysthenes the river was known in the 7th c. B.C. to the Greeks, who regarded it as the most valuable river on earth next to the Nile.

DNIE'STER, a river of Europe, flowing chiefly through Russia, but having its rise in the Carpathian mountains, in the Austrian crown-land of Galicia, about lat. 49° 10' n., long. 23° east. Its general course, until it reaches the Russian territory, is s.e.; it then runs e. for a short distance, and thence s.s.e., forming the boundary between Besserabia and Kherson, past Mohilev, Dubossari, and Bender, to the Black sea, which it enters by a shallow shore lake, 19 m. in length and 5 in breadth, between Akerman and Ovidiopol. The total length of the D. is between 500 and 600 m., its current throughout being very rapid. Until it reaches the Russian frontier, its right bank is skirted by offsets from the Carpathians; but at that point, the country, which above has been level on only one side, opens into a broad flat plain, through which the river, broken at intervals by masses of rock, rushes muddy and turbid. The downward navigation is interrupted by a series of falls and whirlpools. Wood and grain are the chief products conveyed down the

river.

DOAB', a word of Sanscrit origin, signifying primarily "two rivers," but applied, like the Gr. mesopotamia, and the Lat. interamna, to the country between two rivers. The two roots of the word are common to all the Aryan languages: the first appears in Lat.duo, Eng. two; the second in Celt. avon, a river, and in Danube or Donau. Punjab ("five rivers ") is a term of the same kind; but while Punjab exists merely as a proper name of one particular region, Döab is used as the common appellation of any region in general that fulfills the conditions. When introduced, however, without local reference of any kind, the Doab means the space inclosed by the Jumna on the s. w. and the Ganges on the n.e.a space extending from Allahabad to the base of the Himalayas, a distance of upwards of 500, with an average breadth of 55 miles. The fertility of this region has been much increased by the Ganges canal (q.v.).

DOANE, GEORGE WASHINGTON, D.D., LL.D., 1799-1859; born N. J.; graduate of Union college in 1818; ordained 1821; and rector for three years in Trinity (Prot. Ep.) church, New York. He was assistant minister and rector of Trinity church, Boston, 1828-32, and was then chosen bishop of New Jersey. While in this office he made special efforts for higher Christian education, and opened St. Mary's Hall at Burlington, on the Delaware river, a boarding-school for girls. In 1846, he founded Burlington college. His denomination flourished greatly under his episcopate. He published a volume of poems and a volume of sermons.

DOANE, WILLIAM CROSWELL, D.D., LL.D., b. Boston, Mass. 1832; was graduated from Burlington coll., Burlington, N.J., 1850; ordained priest in the Prot. Epis. church, 1856. During his diaconate he was curate to his father, the late Bp. George W. Doane; was rector of St. Barnabas' church and St. Mary's church, Burlington; St. John's church, Hartford, Conn.; and St. Peter's church, Albany, N. Y. He was consecrated bp. of the Prot. Epis. diocese of Albany, 1869. His chief works are: A Volume of Questions on the Collects, Epistles, and Gospels; and The Life and Writings of The Rt. Rev. Geo. Washington Doane, S.T.D., LL.D., 4 vols.

DOBCHICK. See GREBE.

DOBELL, SYDNEY, a modern English poet, was b. in London in 1824. His father, who was a wine-merchant, removed to Cheltenham in 1835. Here D., whose education was entirely private, lived till 1850, when the Roman was published, and received with favor by the literary world. After the publication of this poem, D. resided for some time in Switzerland. Shortly after his return, the delicate state of his wife's health brought him to Edinburgh, where he remained till 1857. He afterwards resided on the Cotswold hills, near Gloucester. Besides the Roman, D. published Balder (1854), Sonnets on the War, in conjunction with Mr. A. Smith (1855), and England in time of War (1856). His poems exhibit a singular mixture of the philosophical and the poetical spirit. Many of his passages are as spiritual in conception and lavish in imagery as the finest portions of Shelley; others, again, are as obscure, intricate, and involved as the rhymed enigmas of Cowley or Donne. In 1865, D. published a political pamphlet advocating a graduated suffrage and plurality of votes; and in 1871, England's Day, a lyric. He died in 1874. A collected edition of his poems was published in 1875; and in 1876, Thoughts on Art, Philosophy, and Religion. See Life and Letters of Sydney Dobell (1878).

DOBROW SKI, JOSEPH, the founder of Slavic philology, was b. Aug. 17, 1753, at Gyermet, near Raab, in Hungary, where his father, a Bohemian by birth, was stationed in garrison. He studied at the gymnasium of Deutschbrot, and subsequently at Klattau and Prague. In 1772, he entered the order of the Jesuits at Brünn, but on its dissolu tion ten months after, he returned to Prague, to continue his theological studies, and in 1776, became tutor in the family of the count von Nostitz. During the years 1780-87, he edited a critical journal of Bohemian and Moravian literature. This soon involved him in various strifes, and ultimately the review was "stopped" by the

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authorities, but not before it had added largely to D.'s reputation. In 1792, at the expense of the royal Bohemian scientific society, he made a journey to Denmark, Sweden, and Russia, to search after the fate of those Bohemian books and MSS. which the Swedes had carried off from Prague during the thirty years' war. Two years after, he traveled through Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. On his return, he manifested symptoms of a disordered mind, and in 1801, had to be confined for some time. He speedily recov ered, but was subject to intermittent fits of insanity until his death, which happened Jan. 6, 1829. D. is reckoned one of the highest, if not the very highest, authority on all matters connected with Bohemian history and literature. His principal productions are-Scriptores rerum Bohemicarum (Prag., 2 vols., 1783-1784); Geschichte der Böhm Sprache und ältern Literatur (Prag. 1792); Die Bildsamkeit der Slaw. Sprache (Prag. 1799); Deutsch-Böhm. Wörterbuch (2 vols., Prag. 1802-21), in which he was largely assisted by other eminent Bohemian scholars; Lehrgebäude der Böhm.-Sprache (Prag. 1809); and Institutiones Linguæ Slavonica Dialecti Veteris (Vienna, 1822).

DOBRU ́DSCHA, or DOBRUDJA (anciently Scythia Minor), a region formerly Turkish, now belonging to Roumania, lies between the lower Danube and the Black sea; the Berlin congress of 1878, in transferring it to the principality, fixed the southern limit, formerly somewhat indefinite, at a line from Silistria on the Danube to Mangalia on the seacoast. The n.e. of this region is occupied by marshes and the delta of the Danube; the rest of the area is partly steppe and partly cultivated corn-land. The inhabitants comprise a few Bulgarians and Roumanians, Tartars, Circassians, Osmanli Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews. Salt is manufactured, and fishing carried on.

DOBSON, HENRY AUSTIN, English poet, was born at Plymouth Jan. 18, 1840, and was educated at Beaumaris, Coventry and Strasburg. He intended to adopt the profession of his father, civil engineering, but in 1856 entered the Board of Trade as a clerk. In 1868 he published some poems in Trollope's St. Paul's Magazine and soon attracted attention by his skillful and graceful handling of French artificial forms of versethe rondeau, ballade and others—and by his delicate satire. Among his volumes of poetry are: Vignettes in Rhyme and Vers de Société (1873); Proverbs in Porcelain (1877); selections from these entitled Old World Lyrics (1883); At the Sign of the Lyre (1885). His prose Includes Lives of Hogarth (1879), Fielding (1883), and Steele (1886); Thomas Bewick and his Pupils (1884); Memoir of Horace Walpole (1890): Four French Women (1873) and he has edited Eighteenth-Century Essays (1882); Gay's Fables (1882); Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield (1883); Beaumarchais' Le Barbier de Séville (1884); Selections from Steele (1885); Proverbs in Porcelain (1893); The Story of Rosina (1895); Eighteenth Century Vignettes (3d series, 1896), etc.

DOCE TE (from the Gr. dokeo, to appear or seem) was the name given in the early church to those heretics who held that the human nature of Jesus Christ was a semblance and not a reality. The philosophers of polytheism, as well as of Judaism, had explained the appearances of divinities and of angels by holding that the assumption of bodies was only momentary, or in appearance. And when the Gnostic Christians found it impossible to conceive the essential union of the divine nature with a body composed of matter, which they held to be the seat of all evil, they had recourse to the same expedient. The difficulty was got over in one of three ways: the body of Christ was either considered a real earthly body, but not belonging essentially to his nature, and only assumed for a time; or it was declared to be a mere appearance or illusion; or, finally, it was believed to be a heavenly body, composed of ethereal substance, though having the appearance of being material. All the Gnostic heretics held docetism in one or other of these three forms, with the exception of those who were led by the same difficulty to deny the divine nature of Jesus Christ, and reduce him to a mere human sage. While the first of these alternative forms of heresy seems to have completely died out, the last, under various names, has continued to the present time. For a clear and learned account of docetism, consult Neander's Dogmengeschichte (History of Doctrine). English by J. E. Ryland; published by H. G. Bohn, in 2 vols., 1858.

DOCK, Lapathum, a sub-genus of the genus rumex, the other species of which are generally called sorrel (q.v.), containing those which are not acid, and of which the flowers are hermaphrodite. They are large perennial herbaceous plants, natives chiefly of temperate climates, with large generally lanceolate or ovate leaves, and panicles of small greenish flowers. They have great tap-roots, and are with difficulty eradicated from pastures. They also multiply rapidly by seed. The best mode of dealing with them, is generally found to be repeated cutting away of their leaves and shoots, by which the plants are killed. Many of the species prefer watery places. A number are natives of Britain, and several of the European ones have found their way to North America, where they have become troublesome weeds, a number of really indigenous species being also found there. Useless and even troublesome as the D. is generally esteemed, yet the large astringent roots are capable of being beneficially employed in medicine; and those of the great water D. (R. hydrolapathum) in particular-for which the Druids entertained a superstitious veneration-are administered as an antiscorbutic.

DOCK is any space or structure in or upon which a ship may be berthed or held for loading, unloading, repairing or safe-keeping. The water-space may communicate freely with the stream or harbor, or the entrance to it may be closed by a gate or by a lock. If provided with a lock or gate, the level of the water within the dock remains at all

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