a private man, still ought to come to his trial, and answer it to him, and to the laws of his country, which do not permit any one to be killed, till he hath been condemned in judg ment. 7. Now Hyrcanus was by degrees inflamed by these discourses, and at length could bear no longer, but he summoned Herod to take his trial; accordingly, by his father's advice, and as soon as the affairs of Galilee would give him leave, he came up [to Jerusalem,] when he had first placed garrisons in Galilce: however, he came with a sufficient body of soldiers, so many indeed, that he might not appear to have with him an army, able to overthrow Hyrcanus's government, nor yet so few, as to expose him to the insults of those that envied him. However, Sextus Cæsar was in fear for the young man, lest he should be taken hold of by his enemies, and be brought to punishment: so he sent some to denounce expressly to Hyrcanus, that he should acquit Herod of the capital charge against him; who acquitted him accordingly, as being otherwise inclined also so to do, for he loved Herod. 8. But Herod, supposing that he had escaped punishment without the consent of the king, retired to Sextus, to Damascus, and got every thing ready, in order not to obey him, if he should summons him again; whereupon, those that were evil disposed irritated Hyrcanus, and told him, that Herod was gone away in anger, and was prepared to make war upon him; and, as the king believed what they said, he knew not what to do, since he saw his antagonist was stronger than he was himself. And now, since Herod was made general of Celosyria and Samaria, by Sextus Cæsar, he was formidable, not only from the good will which the nation bore him, but by the power he himself had; insomuch, that Hyrcanus fell into the utmost degree of terror, and expected he would presently march against them with his army. 9. Nor was he mistaken in the conjecture he made, for Herod got his army together, out of the anger he bare him, for his threatening him with the accusation in a public court, and led it to Jerusalem, in order to throw Hyrcanus down from the kingdom; and this he had soon done, unless his father and brother had gone out together, and broken the force of his fury, and this by exhorting him to carry his revenge no farther than to threatening and affrighting, but te spare the king, under whom he had been advanced to such a degree of power; and that he ought not to be so much provoked at his being tried, as to forget to be thankful that he was acquitted; nor so long to think upon what was of a melancholy nature, as to be ungrateful for his deliverance; and if we ought to reckon that God is the arbitrator of success in war, an unjust cause is of more disadvantage than any army can be of advantage; and that therefore he ought not to be entirely confident of success, in a case where he is to fight against his king, his supporter, and one that had often been his benefactor, and that had never been severe to him, any otherwise, than as he had hearkened to evil counsellors, and this no farther, than by bringing a shadow of injustice upon him. So Herod was prevailed upon by these arguments, and supposed that what he had already done was sufficient for his future hopes, and that he had enough shown his power to the nation. 10. In the mean time there was a disturbance among the Romans about Apamia, and a civil war occasioned by the treacherous* slaughter of Sextus Cæsar, by Cicilius Bassus, which he perpetrated out of his good-will to Pompey; he also took the authority over his forces; but as the rest of Cæsar's commanders attacked Bassus with their whole army, in order to punish him for his murder of Cæsar, Antipater also sent them assistance, by his sons, both on account of him that was murdered, and on account of that Cæsar who was still alive, both of which were their friends, and as this war grew to be of a considerable length, Marcus came out of Italy as successor to Sextus. CHAP. XI. Herod is made procurator of all Syria; Malichus is afraid' of him, and takes Antipater off by poison; whereupon the tribunes of the soldiers are prevailed with to kill him. § 1. THERE was at this time a mighty war raised among the Romans, upon the sudden and treacherous slaughter of Cæsar by Cassius and Brutus, after he had held the go Many writers of the Roman history give an account of this murder of Sextus Cæsar, and of the war of Apamia upon that occasion. They are cited in Dean Aldrich's note. murder there were very great agitations, and were mightily at difference one with another, betook himself to that party where they ha hopes of their own of advancing themselves. Cassius came into Syria, in order to receive were at Apamia, where he procured a rec tween Bassus and Marcus, and the legions difference with him; so he raised the siege o took upon him the command of the army, a exacting tribute of the cities, and demanding t such a degree as they were not able to bear. . 2. So he gave command that the Jews sh seven hundred talents; † whereupon Antipat dread of Cassius's threats, parted the raisin among his sons, and among others of his acqu to be done immediately; and among them he Malichus, who was at enmity with him, to do which necessity forced him to do. Now Her place, mitigated the passion of Cassius, by share out of Galilee, which was an hundred tale account he was in the highest favour with hir he reproached the rest for being tardy, he the cities themselves: so he made slaves of Emmaus, and two others of less note; nay, he if he would kill Malichus, because he had not haste in exacting his tribute; but Antipater ruin of this man, and of the other cities, and sius's favour, by bringing in an hundred talents 3. However, when Cassius had gone, Malich *In the Antiquities, B. xiv. ch. xi. § 1. the duratio of Julius Cæsar is three years six months; but her seven months, beginning rightly, says Dean Aldric! cond dictatorship. It is probable the real duration n years, and between six and seven months. It appears evidently by Josephus's accounts, bo his Antiquities, B. xiv. ch.ix. § 2. that this Cassius, murderers, was a bitter oppressor and exactor of tril these seven hundred talents amount to about three h sand pounds sterling, and are about half the yearly king Herod afterwards. See the note on Antiq. B. xv It also appears, that Galilee then paid no more than talents, as the seventh part of the entire sum to be lev ces; but Antipater was so much afraid of the power unning of the man, that he went beyond Jordan in to get an army to guard himself against his treachelesigns; but when Malichus was caught in his plot, he on Antipater's sons by his impudence, for he thoroughluded Phasaelus, who was the guardian to Jerusalem, Herod, who was entrusted with the weapons of war, his by a great many excuses and oaths, and persuaded to procure his reconciliation to their father. Thus was eserved again by Antipater, who dissuaded Marcus, the president of Syria, from his resolution of killing Ma5, on account of his attempts for innovation. Upon the war between Cassius and Brutus on one side, st the younger Cæsar [Augustus] and Antony on the , Cassius and Marcus got together an army out of Syria; because Herod was likely to have a great share in prog necessaries, they then made him a procurator of all ■, and gave him an army of foot and horse. Cassius ised him also, that after the war was over, he would him king of Judea but it so happened, that the powad hopes of his son became the cause of his perdition; s Malichus was afraid of this, he corrupted one of the 's cup-bearers with money, to give a poisoned potion to pater; so he became a sacrifice to Malichus's wickedand died at a feast. He was a man in other respects e in the management of affairs, and one that recovered government to Hyrcanus, and preserved it in his hands. However, Malichus, when he was suspected of poing Antipater, and when the multitude were angry at him t, denied it, and made the people believe he was not ty. He also prepared to make a greater figure, and ed soldiers; for he did not suppose that Herod would be et, who indeed came upon him with an army presently, rder to revenge his father's death; but upon hearing the ice of his brother Phasaelus, not to punish him in an open ner, lest the multitude should fall into a sedition, he aded Malichus's apology, and professed that he cleared of the suspicion; he also made a pompous funeral for father. 6. So Herod went to Samaria, which was then in a tu mult, and settled the city in peace; after which, at the [Pentecost] festival, he returned to Jerusalem, having his armed men with him; hereupon, Hyrcanus, at the request of Malichus, who feared his approach, forbade them to introduce foreigners to mix themselves with the people of the country, while they were purifying themselves; but Herod despised the pretence, and him that gave that command, and came in by night. Upon which Malichus came to him, and bewailed Antipater; Herod also made him believe [he admitted of his lamentation as real,] although he had much ado to restrain his passion at him: however, he did himself bewail the murder of his father, in his letter to Cassius, who, on other accounts, also hated Malichus; Cassius sent him word back, that he should avenge his father's death upon him, and privately gave order to the tribunes that were under him, that they should assist Herod in a righteous action he was about. 7. And because, upon the taking of Laodicea by Cassius, the men of power were gotten together from all quarters, with presents and crowns in their hands, Herod allotted this time for the punishment of Malichus. When Malichus suspected that, and was at Tyre, he resolved to withdraw his son privately from among the Tyrians, who was an hostage there, while he got ready to fly away into Judea: the despair he was in of escaping, excited him to think of greater things; for he hoped that he should raise the nation to a revolt from the Romans, while Cassius was busy about the war against Antony, and that he should easily depose Hyrcanas, and get the crown for himself. 8. But fate laughed at the hopes he had; for Herod foresaw what he was so zealous about, and invited both Hyrcanus and him to a supper, but calling one of the principal servants that stood by him to him, he sent him out as though it were to get things ready for supper, but in reality, to give notice beforehand, about the plot that was laid against him; accordingly, they called to mind what orders Cassius had given them, and went out of the city with their swords in their hands, upon the sea-shore, where they encompassed Malichus round about, and killed him with many wounds. Upon which Hyrcanus was immediately affrighted, till he swooned away, and fell down at the surprise he was in; and it was with difficulty that he was recovered, when he asked, who it was that had killed Malichus? And, when |