a little mortified at having thrown away so glorious an opportunity in rejecting the application of the admiral years before. Leaving Lisbon, Columbus sailed to Palos, where he arrived on the 15th of March, 1493, seven months and eleven days after his departure from that port. His arrival was greeted with enthusiasm. From Palos he set out for the

court at Barcelona.

Every step of the journey to Barcelona was a triumphal progress. Multitudes thronged the way, eager to gaze upon him. He was received with the most distinguished honors by the sovereigns, and the whole court joined in a Te Deum of thankfulness for the success of his voyage. The king and queen confirmed his appointment of viceroy or governorgeneral of all the countries he had discovered, or should discover, and conferred titles of nobility upon his family, with permission to use a coat of arms. These honors, though conferred with a lavish hand, had all been fairly won; but they aroused the jealousy of the Spanish nobility, and made for Columbus enemies who filled the remainder of his life with sorrow and care.

A second expedition, consisting of seventeen ships and fifteen hundred men, was now fitted out, and sailed from Cadiz, under the command of Columbus, on the 25th of September, 1493. On this voyage he discovered Jamaica and many of the Caribbee islands. He found that his colony in Hayti had been destroyed by the savages in revenge for their outrages; but, undismayed by this, he planted a new town, which he called Isabella, in honor of the queen. From this time the permanent settlement of the island continued without interruption.

In 1498 Columbus made a third voyage, and in this expedition discovered the mainland of the American continent near the mouth of Orinoco, and explored the coast of the provinces since called Para and Cumana. He was not aware of the true nature of his discovery, however, but supposed that the South American coast was a part of a large island belonging to Cathay or Farther India.

In the meantime gold had been discovered in Hayti, which island the Spaniards had named Hispaniola, or Little Spain. The colonists neglecting all the more useful avocations, applied themselves to the search for gold, and crowds of worthless adventurers were drawn over from Spain by the hope of acquiring sudden wealth. They inflicted the greatest hardships upon the natives, and when Columbus arrived at Hispaniola from the South American coast, he found the affairs of the colony in the most deplorable state. The whole settlement rebelled against him, and the rebels, not content with refusing to acknowledge his authority, sent numerous complaints to Spain, charging him with tyranny and misgov

ernment. The sovereigns at length sent over a commissioner named Bobadilla, to investigate the affairs of the colony. He was a narrowminded and incompetent man, and instead of investigating the charges against the admiral, arrested him, and sent him back to Spain in irons. When the officers of the ship which bore him back home wished to remove his fetters, he refused to allow them to do so, saying, "I will wear them as a memento of the gratitude of princes." The news of this outrage filled the people of Spain with honest indignation. "All seemed to feel it as a national dishonor," says Prescott," that such indignities should be heaped upon the man, who, whatever might be his indiscretions, had done so much for Spain, and for the whole civilized world." Queen Isabella at once ordered his fetters to be struck off, and he was summoned to court, reinstated in all his honors, and treated with the highest consideration. Isabella gained from the king a promise to aid her in doing justice to the admiral, and in punishing his enemies; but Ferdinand, who could never bear to do a generous or noble act, evaded his promise, and the admiral failed to receive the recompense he was justly entitled to.

In 1504 Columbus sailed on his fourth voyage; his object this time being to find a passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean, by which he might reach India. He explored the Gulf of Honduras, and saw the continent of North America, but was compelled by a mutiny of his crew and by severe storms to abandon his attempt and return to the northward. He was shipwrecked on the coast of Jamaica, where he remained more than a year. Returning to Spain in November, 1505, he found his best friend, Queen Isabella, on her death-bed. The enemies whom his great success had raised up for him were numerous and powerful, while he was now old and broken in health. He vainly sought from Ferdinand a faithful execution of the original compact between them; but though he received fair words and promises in abundance from the king, Ferdinand steadily refused to comply with the just demands of the admiral. At last, worn out with care and disappointments, Columbus died at Valladolid, on the 20th of May, 1506, being about seventy years old. He was buried with great pomp in the convent of St. Francis, at Valladolid. In 1513 his remains were removed to the monastery of Las Cuevas, at Seville, and Ferdinand caused this inscription, which cost him nothing and expressed his excuse for his conduct towards the dead man, to be placed upon his tomb: "To Castile and Leon Columbus gave a New World!" In 1536 the body of the great admiral was conveyed with appropriate honors to St. Domingo. Upon the cession of that island to France in 1795, the body was removed to Cuba, and buried in the cathedral of Havana. Not yet have the ashes of the Discoverer of America found their true rest