properly and primitively annexed to one portion of the Jewish scriptures was at length extended to the whole as being all of the same complete and rightful authority over the faith and consciences of men.*

10. Still however the Pentateuch is often singled out from the other scriptures, by its origi nal and appropriate designation of the Book of the Law. So that, beside the scriptural evidence for the individual books of the Pentateuch, there is much of that evidence to be found in the general references made to the Pentateuch on the whole, under the title of the Law or Book of the Law. But of the many citations which might be produced, a very few must suffice. "Observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant commanded thee." "This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth."

"As Moses the servant of the Lord commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses." "And keep the charge of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes and his commandments and his judgments and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses."|| "But the children of the murderers he slew not: according unto that which is written in the book. of the law of Moses, wherein the Lord commanded

• There are besides quotations in the New the law, of words only to be found in the pr whole Bible must have often been designat Law," and hence the strong probability the temple and carried at the Roman Josephus the book of the law, was Hebrew scriptures.

↑ Josh. i. 7, 8.

equally express, but too numerous for insertion, that might be gathered from the New Testament.* These are the testimonies of different ages, taken from different books, and marking the existence and authority of a document entituled the book of the law or the book of Moses, in exceeding different periods of history-from the days of Joshua, bordering immediately on those of Moses, and at intervals downward to the age of Christ and His apostles. And what we have now alleged in behalf of the book of the law in cumulo, can also, as we shall see presently, be alleged of its individual parts. And it should be remarked, that each part shares in the benefit of such general testimonies, or testimonies in the gross, as have been just now adduced by us. A reference when made, not to a particular book, but to the book of the law, is an expression of confidence, an act of homage, done to the authority of the whole. quotation from any one of the five books in the Pentateuch, if given not as a quotation from that particular book, but as from the Pentateuch at large, speaks for the respect in which the whole Pentateuch was held. In the language of Scottish law, it homologates the whole record. If a reference to the book of Numbers be made in this way, the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy, all participate in the advantage of

A

* Instead of exhibiting the words of these quotations in the text, let it be enough that we point out the places of them here. Mark xii. 19, 26. Luke ii. 23; x. 26; xvi. 29; xxiv. 27. John i. 45. Acts xv. 21; xxiv. 14. Rom. x. 5. 1 Cor. ix. 9.

Gal. iii. 10.

Add to these the whole substance and texture of the

epistle to the Hebrews.

it. But let us pursue this scriptural, this best of all evidence, for the canon of the Old Testament, more into its details.

11. Genesis.] The most satisfactory quotations are those which at once present the extract and name the book or the writer whence it is takenyet, without naming either book or writer, such may be the identity or even close resemblance of the words extracted, as to demonstate the reality of the quotation, and so to demonstrate the existence of the elder work at the time that the later work was produced. Even when the passage exhibited in proof of this does not amount to an extract, there may at least be an undoubted reference and allusion in it to the earlier publication. And there is a certain manner of introducing these quotations which demonstrates, not only the existence of the prior document, but the respect and religious authority in which it is held. The phrase "it is written," ati yeygaμμevov, when not accompanied with the mention of any book, is as much the appropriated phrase for indicating that the book referred to is a sacred one, as the term ygaon is of scripture. And thus "behold it is written," is tantamount, saving when the book is specified and is known not to be canonical, is tantamount to "behold it is in scripture”—or we have it in scripture. And thus might we gather proofs out of the posterior scriptures, not for the existence only but for the divine authority of the book of Genesis. We shall only in the text instance from the Old Testament, the continuous allusion made to its contents, in the earlier half of the cv. Psalm. And we can

New Testament. soul," Gen. ii. 7.

only afford room for a very few of the many and decisive examples that might be adduced from the "And man became a living "And so it is written, The first man was made a living soul," 1 Cor. xv. 45."Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife; and they shall be one flesh," Gen. ii. 24. "For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave unto his wife; and they twain shall be one flesh," Matt. xix. 5. This last may be considered as an express quotation-being ushered in by the question, "Have ye not read ?"" And he believed in the Lord, and he counted it to him for righteousness," Gen. xv. 6. "For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness," Rom. iv. 3.

"For a father of many nations have I made thee," Gen. xvii. 5. "As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations," Rom. iv. 17.-" Wherefore she said unto Abraham, cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac," Gen. xxi. 10. "Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the free woman," Gal. iv. 30.-" And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, Gen. xxii. 18. 66 Saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall all the kindred of the earth be blessed," Acts iii. 25.-To understand the force of those quotations where neither the book nor the author of it is named, it should be recollected that