on promotion day may be wrong and it is better to have the average, the daily judgments. It creates uniformity of study and gives a uniform record of pupil's work.

Against daily records it was urged that it hampers the teacher in the recita tion, compelling her to give two-thirds of her energy and thought to the marking, leaving only one-third for real teaching. It was also urged that the proper time to test and give credit for a pupil's work was not within a few minutes or hours after the lesson had been studied, but days or weeks after.

At this stage of the meeting several had to leave and a short experience meeting was indulged in. Everybody said that he was glad he came and that had had a profitable time. It was decided to hold another meeting March 9 and 10 at Youngstown. The Executive Committee is Supts. Campbell, Bullock, McCartney, Stutzman and Clemens. Supt. J. J. Jackson was appointed Treasurer.

The question of percent of attendance was discussed by those who remained and it was almost unanimously decided that a good many lies had been published in reports about this matter. The question of tardiness also came up and it was decided that a distinction should be made between late and tardy. Supts. Treudley, Moulton and Jackson were appointed a committee to consider when a pupil should be marked withdrawn on the school roll.

Supts. Campbell and Wight were appointed a committee to examine the school law of Ohio to see whether or not a parent has legal right to select the studies his child is to pursue; that is, has a parent the legal right to say, "My child shall not study grammar?' The various committees will report at next meeting.

-MEETING OF SCHOOL EXAMINERS.-The State Association of School Examiners met in the hall of the Columbus High School, Dec. 28, 1887. President A. C. Deuel called the Association to order. R. W. Stevenson, of the executive committee explained that a list of questions for discussion was not included in the call for the meeting, believing that there would be more freedom of discussion if the questions were proposed by the examiners present.

Dr. Tappan being called upon to suggest topics, presented the following: 1. That it be provided that the term of office of examiners expire Aug. 31. 2. That the fees collected by State examiners be paid into the State treasury and the examiners be paid from the treasury.

3. How enforce the rule excluding teachers in normal schools from the of fice of School Examiner?

4. Question of grading certificates, (1) as to time, (2) as to schools.

Resolution by Mr. Boyd: That we urge the legislature to provide for the expiration of the term of County and City Examiners at the end of the school year, the examiners to be so appointed that the term of one examiner shall expire each year, and that they be required to make their report directly to the State School Commissioner. Carried.

On motion, a committee of five was appointed to urge the recommendations of this body on the Legislature, consisting of A. B. Johnson, Avondale, O.;

W. W. Pennell, Brown County; C. W. Bennett, Piqua, O.; F. S. Fuson, Mechanicsburg, O.; J. W. McKinnon. London, O.

Resolution by Mr. Powell: That a proper interpretation of the School Law permits examiners to extend the time for examination for one certificate, to two or three successive examinations within the same quarter.

The resolution was amended by inserting "does not" before "permit examiners," etc. The resolution as amended was adopted.

Resolution by Mr. Shawan: That the law permitting the State Board of Examiners to grant ten year State certificates be so amended as to permit the granting of three grades of life certificates, as follows: First, a grade of certificate for teaching common and higher branches. Second, a grade of certificate for teaching the common branches, and third, a grade of certificate for teaching Primary Schools.

Resolutions by Mr. Parker:

1. That we recommend that the law be so amended as to require the State Board of Examiners to pay the examination fees collected from applicants for State certificates into the State Treasury, and that the examiner be paid a specified sum from the State Treasury.

2. That in case an amendment to the law in accordance with the above recommendation be made, we recommend that the fee required of an applicant be changed from five to three doliars. Adopted.

Resolution by Mr. Van Tassel: That the subject of Physiology be added to the list of subjects required by law to be taught in the Common Schools of the State.

This resolution was so amended as to add the subject of English Literature. The resolution, as amended, was adopted.

Resolution by Mr. Bennett: That boards of county examiners be granted power by law to compel the testimony of witnesses in cases involving the revoking of certificates. Carried.

A committee to nominate officers was then appointed, consisting of W. W. Pennell, J. W. Wood and Henry Whitworth.

Mr. Stevenson introduced a resolution to the effect that the unjust discrimination against the teachers in cities of the second class in regard to length of certificate should be repealed.

It was moved by R. W. Stevenson that it is the sense of this body that the efforts of the State Commissioner of Schools to change the present sub-district system of schools shall have our hearty support. Unanimously adopted.

On motion, the State School Commissioner was asked to send a copy of the proceedings of this meeting to each board of examiners in the State.

The Committee on Nominations reported as follows: President, J. A. Shawan, Mt. Vernon; Secretary, E. P. West, New Vienna; Ex. Com: R. W. Stevenson, Columbus; Sebastian Thomas, Ashland; C. W. Bennett, Piqua. This report was unanimously adopted, and the Association adjourned. D. R. BOYD, Sec. A. C. DEUEL, Pres.

PERSONAL.

-E. H. Webb, of North Fairfield, O., received from his high school pupils a fine rosewood writing desk.

-John McBurney, of the Ohio Teacher, has been dangerously ill, but we are glad to learn that he is recovering.

-Anna L. Essick, a successful teacher in the Alliance schools, recently resigned her position to become the wife of Dr. J. J. Chambers, of Salt Lake City.

-D. P. Pratt, recently in charge of schools at Collamer, O., is now at the head of the schools at Paris, Ky. His salary is $250 more than it was at Collamer.

-Supt. O. T. Corson, of Cambridge, has been re-elected at a salary of $ 1500, an increase of $150. The Cambridge Board seem disposed to take time by the fore-lock.

-N. P. Davidson is teaching his third year at West Carrolton, O., assisted by Misses Anne Christman, Florence Ross, and Anne Rohrer. The schools are in a prosperous condition.

-Dr. E. E. White completely captured his large audience. It was the best address ever delivered in Lansing. It was logical, interesting, forcible, and eloquent.-Michigan Sch. Moderator.

-A lady of several years successful experience in grammar school work desires an engagement, to take effect at the beginning of any school month. She is well recommended. Address the editor of this journal.

-The cause of popular education in the South has lost one of its ablest and truest friends in the death of Gustavus J. Orr, State Superintendent of Instruction in Georgia. He has been called the father of the Georgia school system.

-A sore bereavement has befallen our brother, N. L. Glover, teacher of music in the Akron schools these many years. Mrs. Glover died of Bright's disease, Jan. 12, 1888, leaving to her husband the care of their four children, the eldest of whom is 13 years old. Prior to her marriage, Mrs. Glover, then Miss Kate Morledge, had charge of the musical instruction in the Canton schools. She was a woman of rare excellehce of character. She lived a beautiful life and died a peaceful and happy death. Her husband's testimony is that in the fifteen years of their married life he never knew her to lose selfcontrol or to manifest impatience; and the universal testimony is that she was never known to speak evil of any one. Many of our readers will remember Mr. Glover as the leader of the choir that furnished the excellent music at the last meeting of the State Association.

-Miss Lillie Rice, a graduate of the Akron High School, and for ten or twelve years a successful teacher in the Akron schools, died Jan. 17, 1888, after a lingering illness. From resolutions prepared by a committee composed of representatives from all the different school buildings, we select the following just tribute to her memory:

"In the many years of our association with her in school work, we ever found her a cheerful, bright and faithful worker, who, by her sunny disposition and ready repartee, lightened what would otherwise have been weary hours of care and perplexity incident to her profession. She possessed in a marked degree the elements of success-earnestness, conscientiousness, and the ability to endear herself to her pupils and to all within the circle of her acquaintance. Her memory will be long cherished by us, remembering her devotion to her work and her faithfulness to her friends."

Besides the powers which were outlined in the first article of this series, and besides the body as the physical basis through which they act and develop, as presented in the second, each human being has peculiarities, psychical as well as physical, that distinguish him from all others. No two souls resemble each other in their thoughts, feelings or volitions more than do their bodies in appearance. Something then must cause each soul to think and feel, and act in certain forms rather than in any of the myriad others conceivable, and it is that that we wish to consider in the present article. Its importance is manifest when we observe that we are dealing with that which gives each soul its individuality, and that the teacher can succeed in any worthy sense only as he understands the individual nature and can minister to its proper growth.

What, then, constitute the psychical peculiarities of human beings? Attention has already been called to the differences in the abilities with which men are endowed. To one He gave many talents, to another few, and from this diversity of gifts arise the various degrees

of strength, from the puny powers of the pigmy to the mighty powers of the giant soul, and also that endless variety in the relative strength of each soul's various powers.

In each, however strong or however weak, the intellect, or the feelings or the will may predominate, and the intellect, whatever its strength, may be strongest in perceptive power, or in memory, or imagination, or judgment, or reason, and the feelings, whatever their intensity, may be strongest in the line of the physical, or intellectual, or æsthetic, or social, or ethical, or religious, and even in the line of some one under the dominant class, as a soul whose feelings are strongest in the line of the social may have its greatest power in the line of love, or sympathy, or vanity, or selfishness.

But besides its allotted abilities, which may be used and developed, or neglected and lost, each soul has its gift determining the application of its powers, or at least qualifying it for certain kinds of action or for special success in some particular employment.

Paul tells us that to one is given through the Spirit the word of wisdom, to another the word of knowledge, to another faith, to another gifts of healing, to another workings of miracles, to another prophecy, to another discerning of spirits, to another divers kinds of tongues, and to another the interpretation of tongues. In the next place, souls differ in temperament, "by which", says Lotze, "we understand nothing more than the differences, in kind and degree, of excitability for external impressions; the greater or less extent to which the ideas excited reproduce others; the rapidity with which the ideas vary; the strength with which feelings of pleasure and pain are associated with them; finally, the ease with which external actions associate with these inner states themselves." Concerning them he says further: "Immeasurably different as the temperaments, in this meaning of the word, are, nevertheless, the four well known ones may be mentioned as the most definite types: the sanguine, with its great rapidity of change and lively excitability; the phlegmatic, with slightly varied and slow, but not on this account weak, reactions; the choleric, with one-sided receptivity and great energy in single directions; instead of the melancholic and preferably, the sentimental,—distinguished by special receptivity for the feeling of the value of all possible relations, but indifferent toward bare matter of fact."

To a certain degree the common impressions from without produce a common play of feeling and give similarity to the train of associated ideas, but in each is something characteristic as to the mode, the intensity, the speed with which these impressions arise when the stimu