ANALYSIS. ing to the objections of New York, it was not admitted into the confederacy; nor was the opposition of New York withdrawn until 1789, when Vermont agreed tc purchase the claims of New York to territory and jurisdiction by the payment of 30,000 dollars. 1. Another expedition Indians. the expedi defeat of Gen 12. 'After the defeat of General Harmar in 1790, anplanned other expedition, with additional forces, was planned against agathe the Indians, and the command given to General St. Clair, 2. Account of then governor of the Northwestern Territory. In the tton and the fall of 1791, the forces of St. Clair, numbering about eral St Clair. 2000 men, marched from Fort Washington,* northward, a. Sept. and about eighty miles, into the Indian country, where, on the 4th of November, they were surprised in camp,† and defeated with great slaughter. Out of 1400 men engaged in the battle, nearly 600 were killed. Had not the victorious Indians been called from the pursuit to the abandoned camp in quest of plunder, it is probable that nearly the whole army would have perished. Oct. 1792. tory of Ken tucky. 13. On the 1st of June, 1792, Kentucky,‡ which had 3. Early his been previously claimed by Virginia, was admitted into the Union as a state. The first settlement in the state was made by Daniel Boone and others, at a place called Boonesboro',§ in the year 1775. During the early part of the revolution, the few inhabitants suffered severely from the Indians, who were incited by agents of the British government; but in 1779 General Clarke, as before b. See p. 384. mentioned, overcame the Indians, and laid waste their villages; after which, the inhabitants enjoyed greater security, and the settlements were gradually extended. 4. Election of 14. In the autumn of 1792 General Washington was again elected president of the United States, and John 5. Events in Adams vice-president. 'At this time the revolution in France was progressing, and early in 1793 news arrived in the United States of the declaration of war by France Mr Genet: against England and Holland. About the same time of the Amer. Mr. Genet arrived in the United States, as minister of gratitude icans to the French republic, where he was warmly received by a. In April. the people, who remembered with gratitude the aid which 1792. France. 1793. France. • Fort Washington was on the site of the present Cincinnati, situated on the N. side of the Ohio River, near the S. W. extremity of the state of Ohio. The city is near the eastern extremity of a pleasant valley about twelve miles in circumference. ↑ The camp of St. Clair was in the western part of Ohio, at the N.W. angle of Dark County. Fort Recovery was afterwards built there. Dark County received its name from Colonel Dark, an officer in St. Clair's army. KENTUCKY, one of the Western States, contains an area of about 42,000 square miles. The country in the western parts of the state is hilly and mountainous. A narrow tract along the Ohio River, through the whole length of the state, is hilly and broken, but has a good soil. Between this tract and Greene River is a fertile region, frequently denominated the garden of the state. The country in the S.W. part of the state between Greene and CumDerland Rivers, is called "The Barrens," although it proves to be excellent grain land. Boonesboro' is on the S. side of Kentucky River, about eighteen miles S.E. from Lexington. France had rendered them in their struggle for indepen. 1793. dence, and who now cherished the flattering expectation that the French nation was about to enjoy the same blessings of liberty and self-government. 1 Course Mr. Genet 15. 'Flattered by his reception, and relying on the partiality manifested towards the French nation, Mr. pursued by Genet assumed the authority of fitting out privateers in the ports of the United States, to cruise against the vessels of nations hostile to France; and likewise attempted to set on foot expeditions against the Spanish settlements in Florida and on the Mississippi, although the president had previously issued a proclamation, declaring it to be the duty and interest of the United States to preserve the most strict neutrality towards the contending powers in Europe. a. May 9. and his suc cessor. 16. As Mr. Genet persisted in his endeavors, in oppo- 2 His recall. sition to the efforts and remonstrances of the president, and likewise endeavored to excite discord and distrust between the American people and their government, the president requested his recall; and in the following year his place was supplied by Mr. Fauchet, who was in- c. Pronounstructed to assure the American government that France ced, Fo-shā. disapproved of the conduct of his predecessor. d In b. July. 3 Events at the west af ter the defeat St Clair. d. See p. 436. 1794. 17. After the defeat of St. Clair in 1791, General Wayne was appointed to carry on the Indian war. the autumn of 1793 he built Fort Recovery near the ground on which St. Clair had been defeated, where he passed the winter. In the following summer he advanced still farther into the Indian country, and built Fort Defiance;* whence he moved down the Maumee, and, on e. N. p. 435. the 20th of August, at the head of about 3000 men, met the Indians near the rapids,† completely routed them, and laid waste their country. Aug. 20. from taza tion. 18. An act, passed in 1791, imposing duties on domes- 4 Troubles tic distilled spirits, the first attempt at obtaining a revenue from internal taxes, had, from the beginning, been highly unpopular in many parts of the country, and especially with the anti-federal or democratic party. During this year, the attempts to enforce the act led to open defiance of the laws, in the western counties of Pennsylvania. After two ineffectual proclamations by the president, the £ Aug 7, and display of a large military force was necessary in order to quell the insurgents. Sept. 25. *Fort Defiance was situated at the confluence of the River Au Glaize with the Maumee, in the N.W. part of Ohio, and at the S.E extremity of Williams County. t The rapids of the Maumee are about eighteen miles from the mouth of the river. The British then occupied Fort Maumee, at the rapids, on the N. side of the river, a short distance above which, in the present town of Waynesfield, the battle was fought. ANALYSIS. 1. Complaints Britain and the United States. 2. Of what the former was accused. 19. 'Since the peace of 1783, between Great Britain and the United States, each party had made frequent between Gt complaints that the other had violated the stipulations contained in the treaty. "The former was accused of having carried away negroes at the close of the war, of making illegal seizures of American property at sea, and of retaining possession of the military posts on the western frontiers. "The latter was accused of preventing the loyalists from regaining possession of their estates, and British subjects from recovering debts contracted before the commencement of hostilities. "To such an extent had the complaints been carried, that, by many, another war between the two countries was thought to be inevitable. 3. The latter. 4. What re oult was feared. 5. Measure taken for ad justing di culties. a. Nov. 19. treaty, and its terms. b. June. 20. For the purpose of adjusting the difficulties, and preventing a war, if possible, Mr Jay was sent to England; where he succeeded in concluding a treaty, which, 1795. early in the following year, was laid before the senate for Ratifica ratification. After a long debate, and a violent opposition tion of this by the democratic party, and the friends of France throughout the country, the treaty was ratified by the senate, and signed by the president. By the terms of the treaty, the western posts were to be surrendered* to the United States; compensation was to be made for illegal captures of American property; and the United States were to secure to British creditors the proper means of collecting debts, which had been contracted before the peace of 1783. 7. Treaty con Greenville. c. Aug. 3. cluded at Fort 8. Treaty with Spain. •In 21. 'During the same year, a treaty was concluded at Fort Greenville,† with the western Indians; by which the various tribes ceded to the United States a large tract of country in the vicinity of Detroit, and west of Ohio. October, a treaty was concluded with Spain; by which the boundaries between the Spanish possessions of Louisiana and Florida, and the United States, were settled; the right of navigating the Mississippi, from its source to the ocean, was secured to the United States; and New Orleanst was granted to them, as a place of deposit, for three years. * The British retained possession of Michigan, by means of their post at Detroit, until 1796. ↑ Fort Greenville was built by General Wayne in 1793, on a western branch of the Miami, and on the site of the present town of Greenville, the capital of Dark County, Ohio. Fort Jefferson was six miles S.W. of it, and Fort Recovery twenty-two miles N.E. New Orleans, now the capital of the state of Louisiana, is on the E. bank of the Mississippi River, 105 miles from its mouth, by the river's course. It was first settled by the French in 1717. The level of the city is from three to nine feet below the level of the river, at the highest water. protect it from inundation, an embankment, cal'ed the Levee, has been raised on the border of the river, extending from forty-three miles below the city, to 120 miles above it. See Map.) To 1795. lished with Algiers. 22. 'A treaty was concluded with Algiers, and the continuance of peace was to be secured by the payment of an 1. Peace estab annual tribute to the dey, in accordance with the long established practice of European nations. 'In June, 1796, the "Territory southwest of the Ohio" was erected into an independent state, by the name of Tennessee,* and admitted 2 State of into the Union. 23. As the second term of Washington's administration would expire in the spring of 1797, Washington previously made known his intention to retire from public life. His farewell address," on that occasion, to the people of the United States, abounds with maxims of the highest political importance, and sentiments of the warmest affection for his country. On the retirement of the man on whom alone the people could unite, the two great parties in the United States brought forward their prominent leaders for the executive office of the nation. a. Sept. 1796. Tennessee. 3 Washing ment from his farewell ton's retire office, and 4. On his re what was tirement done. of the troo parties 24. 'The federalists, dreading the influence of French 5. Principles sentiments and principles,-attached to the system of measures pursued by Washington, and desiring its continuance in his successor, made the most active efforts to elect John Adams; while the republicans, believing their opponents too much devoted to the British nation, and to British institutions, made equal exertions to elect Thomas Jefferson. The result was the election of Mr. Adams as president, and Mr. Jefferson as vice-president. The inauguration of the former took place on the 4th of March, 1797. 6. Result of the election of 1796. CHAPTER II. ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION, FROM MARCH 4, 1797 TO MARCH 4, 1801. Subject of Chapter II. ington's ad 1. 'DURING the administration of Washington, the con- 7 Situation dition of the country had been gradually improving. A during washsound credit had been established, funds had been pro- ministration. vided for the gradual payment of the national debt, treaties had been concluded with the western Indian tribes, and with England, Spain, and the Barbary powers, and the agricultural and commercial wealth of the nation had in TENNESSEE, one of the Western States, contains an area of about 48,000 square miles. The Cumberland Mountains, crossing the state in the direction of N.E. and S.W., divide it Into two parts, called East Tennessee and West Tennessee. The western part of the state has a black, rich soil: in the eastern part the valleys only are fertile. The first settlement in Tennessee was made at Fort Loudon (see Note, p. 283) in 1757. ANALYSIS. creased beyond all former example. 'But in the mean 1. Dificulties time, difficulties with France had arisen, which threatened with France. to involve the country in another war. 2. How the ties regarded the war be tween France and England. 2. On the breaking out of the war between France different par and England, consequent upon the French revolution, the anti-federal or republican party warmly espoused the cause of the French; while the government, then in the hands of the federal party, in its attempts to preserve a strict neutrality towards the contending powers, was charged with an undue partiality for England. "The French ministers, who succeeded Mr. Genet, finding ministers themselves, like their predecessor, supported by a numerous party attached to their nation, began to remonstrate with the government, and to urge upon it the adoption of measures more favorable to France. 3. Course the French 4. Course of Directory. 3. The French Directory, failing in these measures, the French and highly displeased on account of the treaty recently concluded between England and the United States, adopted can minister. regulations highly injurious to American commerce; and even authorized, in certain cases, the capture and confis5. Treatment cation of American vessels and their cargoes. "They of the Amert likewise refused to receive the American minister, Mr. Pinckney, until their demands against the United States should be complied with. Mr. Pinckney was afterwards obliged, by a written mandate, to quit the territories of the French republic. 6 Course pur sued by the 4. In this state of affairs, the president, by proclamapresident. tion, convened congress on the 15th of June; and, in a firm and dignified speech, stated the unprovoked outrages 7. Advances of the French government. Advances were again made, Conciliation, however, for securing a reconciliation; and, for this purpose, three envoys, at the head of whom was Mr. Pinckney, were sent to France. towards a re 8. Result of 5. But these, also, the Directory refused to receive; the embassy. although they were met by certain unofficial agents of the French minister, who explicitly demanded a large sum of money before any negotiation could be opened. To this insulting demand a decided negative was given. Two of the envoys, who were federalists, were finally ordered to leave France; while the third, who was a republican, was permited to remain. 1798. tions for war. 6. These events excited general indignation in the Prepara United States; and vigorous measures were immediately In May. adopted by congress, for putting the country in a proper state of defence, preparatory to an expected war. Provision was made for raising a small standing army, the command of which was given to General Washington, who cordially approved the measures of the government. b. July. |