456 ANALYSIS. now opened, the troops of Harrison were embarked, and Oct. 5. 1. Battle of the Thames. 2. Effects of the victory. 13. 'His forces were found advantageously drawn up across a narrow strip of woodland, having the river on the left, and on the right a swamp-occupied by a large body of Indians under Tecumseh. On the first charge, the main body of the enemy in front was broken; but on the left the contest with the Indians raged for some time with great fury. Animated by the voice and conduct of their leader, the Indians fought with determined courage, unThe victory was comtil Tecumseh himself was slain. plete; nearly the whole force of Proctor being killed or taken. By a rapid flight Proctor saved himself, with a small portion of his cavalry. 14. This important victory effectually broke up the great Indian confederacy of which Tecumseh was the head; recovered the territory which Hull had lost; and 3. Influence terminated the war on the western frontier. But before of Tecumseh. this, the influence of Tecumseh had been exerted upon the southern tribes, and the Creeks had taken up the hatchet, and commenced a war of plunder and devastation. 4. Attack on Fort Mims; ted. b. Aug. 30. b 15. 'Late in August, a large body of Creek Indians how retalia surprised Fort Mims,† and massacred nearly three hundred persons: men, women, and children. On the receipt of this intelligence, General Jackson, at the head of a body of Tennessee militia, marched into the Creek country. A detachment of nine hundred men under General Coffee surrounded a body of Indians at Tallushatchee,+ east of the Coosa River, and killed about two hundred, not a single warrior escaping. c. Nov. 3. d. Nov. 8, Nov. 29: and Jan. 22, 1814. 16. The battles of Talladega, Autosse,|| Emucfau, The Thames, a river of Upper Canada, flows S.W., and enters the southeastern extremity of Lake St. Clair. The battle of the Thames was fought near a place called the Moravian village. t Fort Mims, in Alabama, was on the E. side of Alabama River, about ten miles above its junction with the Tombigbee, and forty miles N.E. from Mobile. (See Map.) + Tallushatchee was on the S. side of Tallushatchee Creek, near the present village of Jacksonville, in Benton County. (See Map.) Talladega was a short distance E. from the Coosa River, in the present County of Talladega, and nearly thirty miles south from Fort Strother at Ten Islands. (Map.) Autossee was situated on the 8. bank of the Tallapooss, twenty miles from its junction with the Coosa. (Map.) Emucfau was on the W. bank of the Tallapoosa, at the mouth of Emucfau Creek, about thirty-five miles S.E. from Talladega. (See Map.) 1. Other and others, soon followed; in all which the Indians were 1813. defeated, although not without considerable loss to the Americans. The Creeks made their last stand at the great bend of the Tallapoosa; called by the Indians Tohopeka,* and by the whites Horse Shoe Bend. battles beAmericans tween the and the Indians. 2 Battle of Horse Shoe Tohopeka, or Bend. 17. Here about one thousand of their warriors, with their women and children, had assembled in a fort strongly fortified. To prevent escape, the bend was encircled by a strong detachment under General Coffee, while the main body under General Jackson advanced against the works in front. These were carried by assault; but the Indians, seeing no avenue of escape, and disdaining to surrender, continued to fight, with desperation, until nearly all were slain. Only two or three Indian warriors were taken prisoners. In this battle" the power of the Creeks a. March 27, was broken, and their few remaining chiefs soon after sent in their submission. 1814. events we now return. undertaken by Gen. Dear born in April. 18. "With the termination of the British and Indian 3. To what war in the west, and the Indian war in the south, the latter extending into the spring of 1814, we now return to resume the narrative of events on the northern frontier. II. EVENTS IN THE NORTH.-1. On the 25th of April, 4. Expedition General Dearborn, with 1700 men, embarked at Sackett's Harbor,t on board the fleet of Commodore Chauncey, with the design of making an attack on York, the capital of Upper Canada, the great depository of British military stores, whence the western posts were supplied. On the 5. Events at 27th the troops landed, although opposed at the water's the landing. edge by a large force of British and Indians, who were soon driven back to the garrison, a mile and a half distant. which attend 2. Led on by General Pike, the troops had already Events carried one battery by assault, and were advancing against ed the cap the main works, when the enemy's magazine blew up, ture of York. hurling immense quantities of stone and timber upon the advancing columns, and killing and wounding more than 200 men. The gallant Pike was mortally wounded, and the troops were, for a moment, thrown into confusion; but recovering from the shock, they advanced upon the town, of which they soon gained possession. General Sheaffe escaped with the principal part of the regular Tohopeka, or Horse Shoe Bend, is about forty miles S.E. from Talladega, near the N.E. corner of the present Tallapoosa County. (See Map, previous page.) ↑ Sackett's Harbor is on the S. side of Black River Bay, at the mouth of Black River, and at the eastern extremity of Lake Ontario. York, which has now assumed the early Indian name of Toronto, is situated on the N shore of Lake Ontario, about thirty-five miles N. from Niagara. ANALYSIS troops, but lost all his baggage, books, and papers, and abandoned public property to a large amount. 1. Attack on Sackett's Harbor. May 29. B. The result. 8. Events on Niagara The Mara a. May 7. b. June 6. 4. Events du ring the re the summer. 3. The object of the expedition having been attained, the squadron returned to Sackett's Harbor, but soon after sailed for the Niagara frontier. The British on the opposite Canadian shore, being informed of the departure of the fleet, seized the opportunity of making an attack on Sackett's Harbor. On the 27th of May, their squadron appeared before the town, and on the morning of the 29th, one thousand troops, commanded by Sir George Prevost, effected a landing. 4. While the advance of the British was checked by a small body of regular troops, General Brown rallied the militia, and directed their march towards the landing; when Sir George Prevost, believing that his retreat was about to be cut off, re-embarked his troops so hastily, as to leave behind most of his wounded. 5. On the very day of the appearance of the British before Sackett's Harbor, the American fleet and land troops made an attack on Fort George, on the Niagara frontier; Which, after a short defence, was abandoned by the enemy. The British then retreated to the heights at the head of Burlington Bay,* closely pursued by Generals Chandler and Winder at the head of a superior force. In a night attack on the American camp, the enemy were repulsed with considerable loss; although in the darkness and confusion, both Generals Chandler and Winder were taken prisoners. 6. 'During the remainder of the summer, few events of mainder of importance occurred on the northern frontier. Immediately after the battle of the Thames, General Harrison, with a part of his regular force, proceeded to Buffalo,† where 5. Change of he arrived on the 24th of October. Soon after, he closed his military career by a resignation of his commission. General Dearborn had previously withdrawn from the service, and his command had been given to General Wilkinson. aficers. 6. Plans of Gen. Armstrong. 7. General Armstrong, who had recently been ap pointed secretary of war, had planned another invasion of Canada. The army of the centre, under the immediate command of General Wilkinson, and that of the North, under General Hampton, were to unite at some point on the St. Lawrence, and co-operate for the reduction of Montreal. * Burlington Bay is at the western extremity of Lake Ontario, thirty-five miles W. from Niagara. Buffalo City, N. Y., is situated at the northeastern extremity of Lake Erie, near the outlet of the lake, and on the N. side of Buffalo Creek, which constitutes its harbor. (Map p. 451.) * 8. 'After many difficulties and unavoidable delays, late in the season the scattered detachments of the army of the centre, comprising about 7000 men embarked from French Creek, down the St. Lawrence. The progress of the army being impeded by numerous parties of the enemy on the Canada shore, General Brown was landed and sent in advance to disperse them. On the 11th an engagement occurred near Williamsburg,† in which the Americans lost more than 300 in killed and wounded. The British loss was less than 200. On the next day the army arrived at St. Regis,‡ when General Wilkinson, learning that the troops expected from Plattsburg§ would be unable to join him, was forced to abandon the project of attacking Montreal. He then retired with his forces to French Mills,|| where he encamped for the winter. 1813. 1. Embarka tion of troops for Montreal. a. Nov. 5. 2 Progress the expedi and result of 3. tion. Events on frontier in of the year. b. Dec. 12. the Niagara the latter part 9. In the latter part of the year, a few events deserving notice occurred on the Niagara frontier. In December, General McClure, commanding at Fort George, abandoned that post on the approach of the British; having previously reduced the Canadian village of Newark¶ to ashes. A few days later, a force of British and Indians surprised and gained possession of Fort Niagara; and in d. Dec. 19. revenge for the burning of Newark, the villages of Youngstown,** Lewiston,†† Manchester,‡‡ and the Indian Tuscarora village§§ were reduced to ashes. On the 30th, Black Rock and Buffalo were burned. c. Dec. 10. Dec. 30. flicts of the year 1813. III. NAVAL Events, and Events on the Sea-coast. -1., 'During the year 1813, the ocean was the theatre of Naval conmany sanguinary conflicts between separate armed vessels of England and the United States. "On the 24th of February, the sloop of war Hornet, commanded by Captain Lawrence, engaged the British brig Peacock, of about equal force. After a fierce conflict of only fifteen minutes, the Peacock struck her colors, displaying, at the same time, 5. Engagethe Hornet and the Pea ment betiocen cock. e. Off the coast of Demarara. French Creek enters the St. Lawrence from the 8. in Jefferson County, twenty miles N. from Sackett's Harbor. ↑ Williamsburg is on the northern shore of the St. Lawrence, ninety miles from Lake Ontario, and about the same distance S. W. from Montreal. t St. Regis is on the 8. bank of the St. Lawrence, at the northwestern extremity of Franklin County, N. Y., twenty-five miles N. E from Williamsburg. Plattsburg, the capital of Clinton County, N. Y., is situated mostly on the N. side of Saranac River, at its entrance into Cumberland Bay, a small branch of Lake Champlain. It is about 145 miles, in a direct line, from Albany. The place called French Mills, since named Fort Covington, from General Covington, who fell at the battle of Williamsburg, is at the fork of Salmon River, in Franklin County, nine miles E. from St. Regis. Newark, now called Niagara, lies at the entrance of Niagara River into Lake Ontario, opposite Fort Niagara. (See Map, p. 451.) (See Map, p. 451.) Youngstown is one mile S. from Fort Niagara. tt Lewiston is seven miles S. from Fort Niagara. 1 The village of Manchester, now called Niagara Great Cataract," fourteen miles from Lake Ontario. The Tuscarora Village is three or four miles E. from Lewiston. (See Map, p. 451.) Falls, is on the American side of the (Map, p. 451, and p. 462.) ANALYSIS. a signal of distress. She was found to be sinking rapidly, and although the greatest exertions were made to save her crew she went down in a few minutes, carrying with her nine British seamen, and three brave and generous Americans. 1. Between the Chesa Shannon. 2. 'The tide of fortune, so long with the Americans, peake and the now turned in favor of the British. On the return of Captain Lawrence to the United States, he was promoted to the command of the frigate Chesapeake, then lying in Boston harbor. With a crew of newly enlisted men, partly foreigners, he hastily put to sea on the 1st of June, in search of the British frigate Shannon; which, with a select crew, had recently appeared off the coast, challenging any American, frigate of equal force to meet her. On the June 1. same day the two vessels met, and engaged with great fury. In a few minutes every officer who could take command of the Chesapeake was either killed or wounded; the vessel, greatly disabled in her rigging, became entangled with the Shannon; the enemy boarded, and, after a short but bloody struggle, hoisted the British flag. 2. Capt. Larorence, and Ludlowo. 3. "The youthful and intrepid Lawrence, who, by his Lieutenant previous victory and magnanimous conduct, had become the favorite of the nation, was mortally wounded early in the action. As he was carried below, he issued his last heroic order, "Don't give up the ship;" words which are consecrated to his memory, and which have become the motto of the American navy. The bodies of Captain Lawrence and Lieutenant Ludlow-the second in command-were conveyed to Halifax, where they were interred with appropriate civil and military honors; and no testimony of respect that was due to their memories was left unpaid. Aug. 14. and the Pelican. 4. On the 14th of August, the American brig Argus, 8. The Argus after a successful cruise in the British Channel, in which she captured more than twenty English vessels, was herself captured, after a severe combat, by the brig Pelican, 4. The Enter a British vessel of about equal force. In September following, the British brig Boxer surrendered to the American brig Enterprise, near the coast of Maine, after an engagement of forty minutes. The commanders of both vessels fell in the action, and were interred beside each other at Portland, with military honors. prise and the Boxer. a. Sept. 5. B. Capt. Porter, and the 5. During the summer, Captain Porter, of the frigate frigate Essex. Essex, after a long and successful cruise in the Atlantic, visited the Pacific Ocean, where he captured a great number of British vessels. Early in the following year, the Essex was captured in the harbor of Valparaiso,* by a b. March 28, 1814. * Valparaiso, the principal port of Chili, is on a bay of the Pacific Ocean, sixty miles N.W from Santiago. |