A History of Egypt from the End of the Neolithic Period to the Death of Cleopatra VII, B.C. 30: Egypt under the great pyramid builders

ings, for it is now admitted by all competent authorities that it was built for a tomb and not to illustrate any esoteric doctrines connected with the Hebrew Patriarchs and others.

In discussing the XIth Dynasty, a brief narrative of the Antef kings has been included, because the late Dr. Brugsch and Prof. Wiedemann and other Egyptologists have included them among the rulers of that Dynasty, and the general reader will expect to find them there; but it is probable, as the forms of some of the prenomens of the Åntefs, and the peculiar shape of their coffins indicate, that they reigned at a later period, i.e., after the XIIIth and before the XVIIth Dynasty. The extracts from the History of Herodotus, given in English, are taken from the quaint and charming old rendering of the first two Books by “B. R.,” which was published in 1584.

E. A. WALLIS BUDGE.

CONTENTS

PAGE

PARED.

AND

ITS

CHAPTER 1.-SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAIC PERIOD. PRE-

DYNASTIC AND DYNASTIC INHABITANTS OF EGYPT COM-

THEIR DWELLINGS, METHODS OF BURIALS,

TOMBS, ETC. ART OF WRITING AND INSCRIPTIONS,

NAMES OF TE, RE, AND KA. DEVELOPMENT OF

HIEROGLYPHICS. EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE

AFFINITIES. EGYPTIAN RELIGION OF INDIGENOUS

ORIGIN. ANTIQUITY OF BELIEF IN A FUTURE LIFE.

OSIRIS. OLDEST FIGURE OF A GODDESS. NAMES OF

GODDESSES IN USE IN THE ARCHAIC PERIOD. NEITH,

Prah-SEKER-ÅSÅR, HORUS, APIS, MNEVIS, ETC.

GREAT ANTIQUITY OF PARTS OF THE Book of the Dead.

SEMTI, THE EDITOR OF PARTS OF IT. THE FOLLOWERS

OF HORUS. EARLY STATUES OF BESH.

CLASS OF

GREEN SLATE OBJECTS OF UNKNOWN USE. STELE

OF VULTURES COMPARED. EVIDENCE OF JAR-SEAL-

EARLY TITLES OF OFFICIALS. THE SET AND

HORUS NAMES OF

THE KING. PHARAOH. THE

SEREKH OR “COGNIZANCE." THE TITLE “SON OF

THE SUN."

THE QUEEN OR ROYAL MOTHER.

PRIVILEGES OF WOMEN

CHAPTER II.-FOURTH DYNASTY. SENEFERU. His FORTS

AND PYRAMID. QUEEN MERTI-TEF-S. KHUFU OR
CHEOPS AND PYRAMID. MEANING OF

PYRAMID." DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GREAT
PYRAMID BY HERODOTUS, DIODORUS, Pliny, STRABO,

INGS.

HIS

THE

WORD

xii

CONTENTS

PAGE

ABU'L-FIDA. NOTICES BY CHRISTIAN WRITERS.
CONSTRUCTION OF GREAT PYRAMID. KHUFU's Son,
HERU-TĀTA-F. RÄ-TET-F OR RATOISES. KHĀ-F-RĀ
OR CHEPHREN AND HIS PYRAMID. TEMPLE OF THE
Sphinx. THE SPHINX. MENTION OF, BY PLINY AND
'ABD AL-LAȚîF. MYCERINUS AND HIS PYRAMID.

His COFFIN AND SARCOPHAGUS. SHEPSES-KA-F

CHAPTER III.-FIFTH DYNASTY. USERKAF AND HIS

PYRAMID. SaŅU-RĀ AND HIS PYRAMID. Rur-TEȚET,

THE WIFE OF RĂ-USER AND HER THREE Sons.

MASȚABA OF THI. MEN-KAU-HERU AND HIS WORKS
AT SINAI. ÅSSÅ AND THE WÂDI HAMMÂMÂT. HE
SENDS TO THE LAND OF THE GHOSTS FOR A PYGMY.
PTAŅ-HETEP, THE AUTHOR OF THE PRECEPTS. UNÅs.
His PYRAMID, INSCRIBED WITH IMPORTANT RELIGIOUS

TEXTS. UNAS KILLS AND EATS THE GODS
CHAPTER IV.-Sixth DYNASTY. TETÅ AND HIS PYRAMID.
PEPI I. THE OFFICIAL UNÅ AND HIS EXPEDITION

South CLEARS THE OLD CANAL AT

ELEPHANTINE. MER-EN-RĀ. His PYRAMID AND

MUMMY. THE OFFICIAL WER-KHUF. PEPI II.

MISSION OF HER-KHUF THE PYGMY LAND.

NITOCRIS. GREEK LEGENDS OF RHODOPIS-NITOCRIS.

DECAY OF POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF MEMPHIS

AT THE END OF THE VITH DYNASTY

CHAPTER V.- SUMMARY OF THE IVTH, VTH AND VITH

DYNASTIES. LIMITS OF EGYPTIAN RULE. NARAM-
SIN AND THE BABYLONIANS. MAKAN. THE MENTI,
THE ANU (TROGLODYTES), THE SATI, THE HERU-SHĀ,
THE PETCHTI-Shu, THE

THEHENNU,

THE LIBU,

(LIBYANS), THE NEỊESU (NUBIANS). EXPEDITIONS

OF HER-KHUF. Punt. USE OF METALS. BRONZE

AGE.

. IRON. THE GREAT PYRAMID

THE

MAŞTABAS. THE SHÊKH AL-BALAD. EGYPTIAN

HOUSES. EARLY TEMPLES, РТА-НЕТЕР

THE

AND

THE