and was founded by the great Elector, though it owes its magnificence to Frederick the Great, who made it his chief residence, and bestowed on it the greater part of those monuments which form its principal attraction. All the successive sovereigns have contributed to its embellishment. On leaving the station at POTSDAM, we cross an iron bridge, and observe on the left the Lustgarten, which extends to the palace. In the centre of a basin is a group representing Neptune and Thetis in a chariot. Near it are the busts of the generals York, Tauentzien, Bulow, Blucher, Kleist, Gneisenau, the Emperor Alexander I., Scharnhorst, and the Duke of Brunswick, all in bronze, by Rauch. Mythological groups, in marble, adorn the north side of the promenade.

The ROYAL PALACE, built 1660 -1701, contains many souvenirs of Frederick the Great. The apartments which he occupied remain unchanged: we see there his writing table, his library, his music-stand, the furniture, with its coverings injured by his favourite dogs, his hat, scarf, and his green eye-shade. Adjoining the bedroom is a dining-room with a trap-door in the floor, through which meals were served by a lift, rendering the presence of a servant unnecessary.

In the vicinity is the HOTEL DE VILLE, built in 1754, after the model of that at Amsterdam. The tower is surmounted by a figure of Atlas supporting the globe on his shoulders. In the Place, in front of the building, is an obelisk 75 ft. high, adorned with medallion portraits of the great Elector, and the three first kings of Prussia.

At the west of and near the Palace is the Garrison Church. Near the pulpit are French, Bavarian, and Wurtemburg flags, taken in the campaigns of 1813

15, and 1870-71. Beneath the pulpit, and above ground, is the plain metallic coffin, which contains the ashes of Frederick the Great, and the marble sarcophagus of William I. It was over the coffin of Frederick that, on the night of the 3rd or 4th of November 1805, Frederick-William III. and the Emperor Alexander I. swore eternal friendship. The Emperor Napoleon visited it in 1806, and took away the sword of Frederick the Great, which, after his death, was placed upon his coffin. It has never been recovered. The uniforms of the three sovereigns who formed the Holy Alliance are preserved here in mahogany closets.

An avenue leads from the Brandenburg Gate, which is not far beyond the Garrison Church, to SANS SOUCI. At the entrance of the park, on the right, is the Friedenskirche. It is built in the style of a basilica, and has three naves, of which the central one is 87 ft. long by 32 ft. wide. It contains a mosaic from a church at Murano, near Venice. In this church are the tombs of Frederick William IV. and his Queen.

The PARK OF SANS SOUCI was laid out in 1744 by Frederick II., and has subsequently received embellishments from time to time. It is adorned with numerous statues and groups in marble; amongst others, two sphinxes, and a bust of Paolo Giordano, Duc de Bracciano, in Egyptian porphyry, which was taken to Paris by the French, and restored in 1815. The latter is placed near the great fountain, which throws a jet nearly 120 ft. high. Its basin is 130 ft. in diameter, and is surrounded by twelve mythological groups. Further on are four marble columns 30 ft. high, with capitals gilded, and adorned with statues of Venus, Apollo, Bacchus, and Hope.

Another avenue to the right of the Brandenburg gate leads to the principal entrance of the Park, where there is an obelisk 63 ft. high. Around it are columns with busts. On the way to the Palace we pass several fountains and the Grotto of Neptune. The Great Fountain is at the foot of the hill on which stands the PALACE OF SANS SOUCI. We ascend by nine terraces, each adorned with orange trees and conservatories. On two sides of the Palace are vases in marble. Near the Palace, at the end of the terrace, are the tablets over the graves of the favourite dogs and charger of the king, in the grave with which be requested that he might be buried. This palace, built in 1745-47, was the favourite residence of Frederick II., who died here. It then remained unoccupied for many years. It was restored by Frederick William IV., who made it his summer residence, and died in it in 1861. The apartments of Frederick the Great are in the same state as when he left them. We see the clock, which stopped at 20 minutes past 2 o'clock the moment of his decease, and the couch on which he died. A little to the west is the new ORANGERY, with a frontage of more than 900 ft. The long facade is decorated with statues. In the interior are some beautiful modern sculptures by Thorwaldsen, Rauch, and other sculptors of eminence, and some good paintings. From the palace we may ascend a hill called Ruinenberg, from the artificial ruins which hide the waterworks, supplying the fountains. From the summit of the tower of the reservoir, the view is very fine. In the lower portion of the park is the JAPANESE PAVILION; near it is a fine bronze fountain. The Temple contains a copy of the

statue of Queen Louise, executed by Rauch for the mausoleum of Charlottenberg. Close by the palace is the historic windmill.

An avenue leads directly from the great fountain at the foot of the terrace of Sans Souci to the NEW PALACE, at the end of the Great Avenue, built at the termination of the Seven Years' War, 1763-9, in the Dutch style, at a cost of 3,000,000 thalers. The great facade is 227 yards long. The palace has 322 windows, and is adorned externally with upwards of 400 statues or groups. On the frontal is inscribed: Nec soli cedit. There are 200 apartments, of which about 40 are shown. In the apartments of Frederick II. are several fine paintings, some of them being by the first masters: Tintoretto, Domenichino, Guido Reni, Van Dyck, Titian. The New Palace is the summer residence of the Crown Prince.

On a wooded eminence east of Potsdam, and about 2 miles distant, is Babelsberg, the usual summer residence of the Emperor. The grounds are handsomely laid out. The palace and grounds are shown by the attendant, fee,

m. 50 pf. The apartments are very handsomely decorated, and contain many good modern paintings. The view from the palace is very extensive and beautiful.

ROUTE 129.

marble statue of the Burgomaster Smidt, who died in 1857.

On the west side is the entrance to the famous wine cellars, which are open to the public every day. In one of the compartments are

HAMBURG.

245 miles; 1st class (express) 41 m., 50 pf. 30.90. Time, 9 hours.

S far as Oberhausen it is the same as described in Route 128. Thence, over an uninteresting country, it goes direct to Osnabruck, and thence to

BREMEN (165 miles) (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST.")

ARRIVAL.-Omnibuses and porters from the hotels meet the trains.

Cabs.- Within the city, one or two persons, one horse, 50 pf., two horses, 70 pf. By time, one or two persons, hour, 60 and 80 pf; each additional person, 10 pf. From the station, 80 pf. and 1 m. Luggage, 30 pf.

This is one of the most important commercial towns on the Continent. It is situated on the River Weser, which runs through it.

Its shipping business is very great. The shipowners possess upwards of 300 vessels. It is estimated that 80,000 emigrants embark for America from Bremen every year. The fortifications have been destroyed, and the ramparts now form PROMENADES. On the eastern part of the promenade are the Theatre, the Union (a merchants' association), and the Kunsthalle, or Museum of Fine Arts. Near the last-named is the statue of the astronomer Olbers. The Rathhaus, of the 15th century, is a remarkable building. The southern facade is adorned with eight large statues, representing the Emperor and the seven Electors. In the great hall is the

and the Twelve Apostles. In front of the Rathhaus is a statue of Roland, 18 ft. high, erected in 1412, intended as a symbol of the sovereignty of the town. In the immediate vicinity is the Schutting, the seat of the Chamber of Commerce. Near it are the Bourse, the Church of Notre Dame, and the Stadthaus. The Cathedral, a Gothic building of the 12th century, has been recently restored. It possesses the finest organ in Germany. The tourist should note the glass; the pulpit given by Christine of Sweden; the baptismal fonts; and the Bleikeller, a vault which has the property of preserving bodies from decomposition. On the Cathedral Place, or Domshof, are the Museum and the Borsenhalle, a place of meeting, or club for merchants. On the Domshaide, near the Cathedral, is a bronze statue of Gustavus Adolphus, made at Munich. The ship which was to have transported it to Gothenburg was wrecked at Heligoland, and the statue, being rescued by the fishermen there, was purchased by some Bremen merchants, and presented by them to the town. Near it is

the Artists' Club. The Church of St Ansgar, of the 13th century, is surmounted by a tower 325 feet high. It contains a fine painting by Tischbein, some good frescoes, and stained glass windows. The Catholic Church of St John contains the remains of Prince Louis Francois de Bourbon-Condé, who died in 1757.

Two bridges connect the two banks of the Weser. From the larger one there is a fine view.

Near the southern ramparts are the barracks and armoury of the military contingent of Bremen. The depth of water in the river at Bremen is sufficient only for vessels drawing 8 feet of water. Large vessels are unloaded at BREMERHAFEN, the point of departure of the North German Lloyd's steamers (Hotel Steinhof's), which is 30 miles below Bremen. It is rapidly increasing in trade and population. It is also a watering place. It is connected by railway with Bremen. Trains five times a day, in an hour and a half. After leaving Bremen the train passes Rotenberg, Bucholz, and Harburg, and reaches HAMBURG.

HAMBURG (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST").

Cab hire. The tariff varies according to the districts, from 75 pf. to 1 m. 20 pf. for one or two persons, each additional person 15 or 30 pf.

ENGLISH CHURCH, in the Zeughaus Markt. Episcopal service, 11 a.m. CONGREGATIONAL, Johannis-Vollwerr, 11 a.m.

This is the chief place of commerce, and one of the most beautiful cities in Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Elbe, about 80 miles from its mouth. The River Alster joins the Elbe here. The Alster forms, on the north of the city, a basin called the Binnen Alster, which communicates with another basin outside the city, called Grosse Alster. A great part of the town was destroyed by fire in 1842, and was afterwards rebuilt on a magnificent scale. The PORT in which vessels can enter with the tide is very extensive.

The foundation of Hamburg dates from the time of Charlemagne, who built a castle on the heights between the Elbe and the Alster. The Emperor Otho IV.,

in the 12th century, raised it to the rank of a free town. In 1241 it joined the Hanseatic League, and waged a successful war with the Danish kings. After numerous contests between the senate and the people, a Constitution was definitively established in 1712. In 1803 it was occupied by the French; Napoleon incorporated it with the French Empire in 1810; Marshal Davoust occupied it in 1813-14. In 1815 it became a member of the Germanic Confederation, and is now a member of the North German Confederation.

The fashionable promenade is along the quays which surround the BASIN OF THE ALSTER, viz. : the Old Jungfernstieg, the New Jungfernstieg, the Alsterdamm, and the Wall, near the Lombard's bridge.

There are several remarkable churches in Hamburg:

The Church of St Nicholas, in the Hopfenmarkt, standing on the site of an older one burnt in 1842; it was rebuilt after the plans of Scott, the English architect. It is in the pure Gothic style.

The Church of St Peter, in the Speerssort, the most ancient of all in Hamburg. It was rebuilt after the plan of the old one burned in 1842.

The Church of St Catharine, on the Grimm, in the old town, dates from the 13th century.

The Church of St James, near the Steinstrasse, is surmounted by a tower 355 feet high. Amongst its other remarkable paintings is one of ancient Hamburg. The Great Church of St Michael, in the new town, built 1751-62, after the designs of Sonnin, is surmounted by a steeple 456 feet high. A fine panoramic view may be had from its summit. Apply at the office opposite the entrance.

The BOURSE is, from 1 to 2 o'clock, the rendezvous of merchants; from three to four thousand persons transact business there. The palace of the Bourse, on the Place Adolphe, is one of the finest buildings in Hamburg. On the first floor is the Borsenhalle, where the merchants meet. It contains also a mercantile library of 40,000 volumes.

Among the principal edifices may be mentioned the HOTEL DE VILLE, in the Neue- Wall. The great hall is used for civic banquets. The NEW KUNSTHALLE, near the Lombard's Bridge, contains a fair collection of modern pictures and sculptures.

On the Old Jungfernstieg is the BAZAAR, a glazed passage leading from the Jungfernstieg to the Konigstrasse. It cost sixty thousand pounds sterling. Near the Jungfernstieg end, this passage forms an octagon, surmounted by a cupola, and is richly decorated. It is bordered with good shops.

The ancient ramparts have been converted into promenades. The most agreeable portion is that comprised within the Wall, between the basin of the Alster and the railway terminus. On leaving the Lombard's bridge we pass an obelisk erected in honour of the savant Busch; the Alsterhohe is a fine point of view. Near the Steinthor gate is the monument of Count Adolph, of Holstein, one of the benefactors of the State, dating from the 13th century. On the west side of the Wall, to the left of the Dammthor gate, are the ZOOLOGICAL and BOTANIC GARDENS, among the finest in Germany. Near the Deichthor gate is the Reservoir which supplies the whole city with water. From the tower there is a magnificent view.

ALTONA, the most important town of Holstein, adjoins Ham

burg. It is a place of considerable trade. It was sacked by the Swedes in 1715, and contains no ancient buildings. It is a free port. Its finest buildings are the Hotel de Ville, and the Churches of the Trinity and Holy Ghost.

From Hamburg to Lubeck is 39 miles. There is nothing of interest on the route between the two cities. Fares: 1st class, 5. 10; 2d, 3. 80; 3d, 2. 60.

LUBECK (Hotel: Stadt Hamburg), is an old Hanseatic town, situated on the Trave. It has a considerable trade. At the time of the Hanseatic League it was called the Carthage of the North. After the battle of Jena, Blucher, who had thrown himself into it, was ejected by the French, and made prisoner, together with the remainder of his army. Lubeck is one of the best specimens of a medieval town to be found in Germany. The Domkirche (Cathedral), built from the 12th to the 14th century, contains several tombs, some bronze fonts of the 15th century, a carved pulpit of the 16th century, and a painting, attributed to Memling. The Marien-kirche, of the 14th century, is built of bricks. Its towers are 420 feet high; it contains some fine sculptures, paintings by Overbeck, a curious clock, handsome stained windows, &c. The Catharinen-Kirche has been converted into a museum of local

antiquities. The Rathhaus, of the 16th century, of variegated bricks, is the place where the Hanseatic League held its sittings. The hall is called the "Hall of the Hansa." The Merchants' Club-house has some woodcarvings of the 16th century. One of the curiosities of the town is the Schiffer Innung, or shipowners' guild, a building dating from 1535, and still unaltered.

From Hamburg (Altona), Kiel